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Ni Q, Ge Z, Li Y, Shatkin G, Fu J, Bera K, Yang Y, Wang Y, Sen A, Wu Y, Vasconcelos ACN, Feinberg AP, Konstantopoulos K, Sun SX. Cytoskeletal activation of NHE1 regulates mechanosensitive cell volume adaptation and proliferation. bioRxiv 2024:2023.08.31.555808. [PMID: 37693593 PMCID: PMC10491192 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells can rapidly respond to osmotic and hydrostatic pressure imbalances during an environmental change, generating large fluxes of water and ions that alter cell volume within minutes. While the role of ion pump and leak in cell volume regulation has been well-established, the potential contribution of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its interplay with ion transporters is unclear. We discovered a cell volume regulation system that is controlled by cytoskeletal activation of ion transporters. After a hypotonic shock, normal-like cells (NIH-3T3, MCF-10A, and others) display a slow secondary volume increase (SVI) following the immediate regulatory volume decrease. We show that SVI is initiated by hypotonic stress induced Ca 2+ influx through stretch activated channel Piezo1, which subsequently triggers actomyosin remodeling. The actomyosin network further activates NHE1 through their synergistic linker ezrin, inducing SVI after the initial volume recovery. We find that SVI is absent in cancer cell lines such as HT1080 and MDA-MB-231, where volume regulation is dominated by intrinsic response of ion transporters. A similar cytoskeletal activation of NHE1 can also be achieved by mechanical stretching. On compliant substrates where cytoskeletal contractility is attenuated, SVI generation is abolished. Moreover, cytoskeletal activation of NHE1 during SVI triggers nuclear deformation, leading to a significant, immediate transcriptomic change in 3T3 cells, a phenomenon that is again absent in HT1080 cells. While hypotonic shock hinders ERK-dependent cell growth, cells deficient in SVI are unresponsive to such inhibitory effects. Overall, our findings reveal the critical role of Ca 2+ and actomyosin-mediated mechanosensation in the regulation of ion transport, cell volume, transcriptomics, and cell proliferation.
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Bera K, Kiepas A, Godet I, Li Y, Mehta P, Ifemembi B, Paul CD, Sen A, Serra SA, Stoletov K, Tao J, Shatkin G, Lee SJ, Zhang Y, Boen A, Mistriotis P, Gilkes DM, Lewis JD, Fan CM, Feinberg AP, Valverde MA, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination. Nature 2022; 611:365-373. [PMID: 36323783 PMCID: PMC9646524 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to physical stimuli, such as stiffness1, fluid shear stress2 and hydraulic pressure3,4. Extracellular fluid viscosity is a key physical cue that varies under physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer5. However, its influence on cancer biology and the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to changes in viscosity are unknown. Here we demonstrate that elevated viscosity counterintuitively increases the motility of various cell types on two-dimensional surfaces and in confinement, and increases cell dissemination from three-dimensional tumour spheroids. Increased mechanical loading imposed by elevated viscosity induces an actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3)-complex-dependent dense actin network, which enhances Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) polarization through its actin-binding partner ezrin. NHE1 promotes cell swelling and increased membrane tension, which, in turn, activates transient receptor potential cation vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and mediates calcium influx, leading to increased RHOA-dependent cell contractility. The coordinated action of actin remodelling/dynamics, NHE1-mediated swelling and RHOA-based contractility facilitates enhanced motility at elevated viscosities. Breast cancer cells pre-exposed to elevated viscosity acquire TRPV4-dependent mechanical memory through transcriptional control of the Hippo pathway, leading to increased migration in zebrafish, extravasation in chick embryos and lung colonization in mice. Cumulatively, extracellular viscosity is a physical cue that regulates both short- and long-term cellular processes with pathophysiological relevance to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bera
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Inês Godet
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yizeng Li
- grid.264260.40000 0001 2164 4508Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY USA
| | - Pranav Mehta
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Brent Ifemembi
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Colin D. Paul
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Anindya Sen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Selma A. Serra
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin Stoletov
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jiaxiang Tao
- grid.443927.f0000 0004 0411 0530Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gabriel Shatkin
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Se Jong Lee
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adrianna Boen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John D. Lewis
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- grid.443927.f0000 0004 0411 0530Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Andrew P. Feinberg
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Miguel A. Valverde
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean X. Sun
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yeoman B, Shatkin G, Beri P, Banisadr A, Katira P, Engler AJ. Adhesion strength and contractility enable metastatic cells to become adurotactic. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108816. [PMID: 33691109 PMCID: PMC7997775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant changes in cell stiffness, contractility, and adhesion, i.e., mechanotype, are observed during a variety of biological processes. Whether cell mechanics merely change as a side effect of or driver for biological processes is still unclear. Here, we sort genotypically similar metastatic cancer cells into strongly adherent (SA) versus weakly adherent (WA) phenotypes to study how contractility and adhesion differences alter the ability of cells to sense and respond to gradients in material stiffness. We observe that SA cells migrate up a stiffness gradient, or durotax, while WA cells largely ignore the gradient, i.e., adurotax. Biophysical modeling and experimental validation suggest that differences in cell migration and durotaxis between weakly and strongly adherent cells are driven by differences in intra-cellular actomyosin activity. These results provide a direct relationship between cell phenotype and durotaxis and suggest how, unlike other senescent cells, metastatic cancer cells navigate against stiffness gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gabriel Shatkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Parag Katira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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