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Hayward-Lara G, Fischer MD, Mir M. Dynamic microenvironments shape nuclear organization and gene expression. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102177. [PMID: 38461773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Live imaging has revealed that the regulation of gene expression is largely driven by transient interactions. For example, many regulatory proteins bind chromatin for just seconds, and loop-like genomic contacts are rare and last only minutes. These discoveries have been difficult to reconcile with our canonical models that are predicated on stable and hierarchical interactions. Proteomic microenvironments that concentrate nuclear factors may explain how brief interactions can still mediate gene regulation by creating conditions where reactions occur more frequently. Here, we summarize new imaging technologies and recent discoveries implicating microenvironments as a potential driver of nuclear function. Finally, we propose that key properties of proteomic microenvironments, such as their size, enrichment, and lifetimes, are directly linked to regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hayward-Lara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Developmental, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/@GHaywardLara
| | - Matthew D Fischer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/@MustafaMir16
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Cetera M, Sharan R, Hayward-Lara G, Phillips B, Biswas A, Halley M, Beall E, vonHoldt B, Devenport D. Region-specific reversal of epidermal planar polarity in the rosette fancy mouse. Development 2023; 150:dev202078. [PMID: 37622728 PMCID: PMC10499026 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway collectively orients cells with respect to a body axis. Hair follicles of the murine epidermis provide a striking readout of PCP activity in their uniform alignment across the skin. Here, we characterize, from the molecular to tissue-scale, PCP establishment in the rosette fancy mouse, a natural variant with posterior-specific whorls in its fur, to understand how epidermal polarity is coordinated across the tissue. We find that rosette hair follicles emerge with reversed orientations specifically in the posterior region, creating a mirror image of epidermal polarity. The rosette trait is associated with a missense mutation in the core PCP gene Fzd6, which alters a consensus site for N-linked glycosylation, inhibiting its membrane localization. Unexpectedly, the Fzd6 trafficking defect does not block asymmetric localization of the other PCP proteins. Rather, the normally uniform axis of PCP asymmetry rotates where the PCP-directed cell movements that orient follicles are reversed, suggesting the PCP axis rotates 180°. Collectively, our multiscale analysis of epidermal polarity reveals PCP patterning can be regionally decoupled to produce posterior whorls in the rosette fancy mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Cetera
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - Brooke Phillips
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Madalene Halley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evalyn Beall
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Cetera M, Sharan R, Hayward-Lara G, Phillips B, Biswas A, Halley M, Beall E, vonHoldt B, Devenport D. Region-specific reversal of epidermal planar polarity in the fancy rosette mouse. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.27.550849. [PMID: 37546950 PMCID: PMC10402159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway collectively orients thousands of cells with respect to a body axis to direct cellular behaviors that are essential for embryonic morphogenesis. Hair follicles of the murine epidermis provide a striking readout of PCP activity in their uniform alignment along the entire skin surface. Here, we characterize, from the molecular to tissue-scale, PCP establishment in the rosette fancy mouse, a natural variant with posterior-specific whorls in its fur, to understand how epidermal polarity is coordinated across the tissue. We find that embryonic hair follicles of rosette mutants emerge with reversed orientations specifically in the posterior region, creating a mirror image of epidermal polarity. The rosette trait is associated with a missense mutation in the core PCP gene Fzd6 , which alters a consensus site for N-linked glycosylation and inhibits its membrane localization. Unexpectedly, this defect in Fzd6 trafficking, observed across the entire dorsal epidermis, does not interfere with the ability of other core PCP proteins to localize asymmetrically. Rather, the normally uniform axis of PCP asymmetry is disrupted and rotated in the posterior region such that polarity is reflected on either side of a transition zone. The result is a reversal of polarized cell movements that orient nascent follicles, specifically in the posterior of the embryo. Collectively, our multiscale analysis of epidermal polarity reveals PCP patterning can be regionally decoupled to produce the unique posterior whorls of the fancy rosette mouse. Summary Region-specific rotation of the Planar Cell Polarity axis reverses posterior hair follicles in the fancy rosette mouse.
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Basta LP, Sil P, Jones RA, Little KA, Hayward-Lara G, Devenport D. Celsr1 and Celsr2 exhibit distinct adhesive interactions and contributions to planar cell polarity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1064907. [PMID: 36712970 PMCID: PMC9878842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1064907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor (Celsr) proteins 1-3 comprise a subgroup of adhesion GPCRs whose functions range from planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling to axon pathfinding and ciliogenesis. Like its Drosophila ortholog, Flamingo, mammalian Celsr1 is a core component of the PCP pathway, which, among other roles, is responsible for the coordinated alignment of hair follicles across the skin surface. Although the role of Celsr1 in epidermal planar polarity is well established, the contribution of the other major epidermally expressed Celsr protein, Celsr2, has not been investigated. Here, using two new CRISPR/Cas9-targeted Celsr1 and Celsr2 knockout mouse lines, we define the relative contributions of Celsr1 and Celsr2 to PCP establishment in the skin. We find that Celsr1 is the major Celsr family member involved in epidermal PCP. Removal of Celsr1 function alone abolishes PCP protein asymmetry and hair follicle polarization, whereas epidermal PCP is unaffected by loss of Celsr2. Further, elimination of both Celsr proteins only minimally enhances the Celsr1 -/- phenotype. Using FRAP and junctional enrichment assays to measure differences in Celsr1 and Celsr2 adhesive interactions, we find that compared to Celsr1, which stably enriches at junctional interfaces, Celsr2 is much less efficiently recruited to and immobilized at junctions. As the two proteins seem equivalent in their ability to interact with core PCP proteins Vangl2 and Fz6, we suggest that perhaps differences in homophilic adhesion contribute to the differential involvement of Celsr1 and Celsr2 in epidermal PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena P. Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Parijat Sil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Katherine A. Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Gabriela Hayward-Lara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States,Current Affiliation. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Danelle Devenport,
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Zhang A, Khanna A, Sun Y, Good D, Zimmerman K, Hayward-Lara G, Seifarth K, El-Gazzaz G, Fujiki M, Hashimoto K, Costa G, Abu-Elmagd K. OR 25 Immunotherapy induced rapid reduction of preformed dsa in highly sensitized recipients of visceral transplantation. Hum Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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