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Hsiao CJ, Patel AGM, Fasanya HO, Stoffel MR, Beal SG, Winston-McPherson GN, Campbell ST, Cotten SW, Crews BO, Kuan K, Lapedis CJ, Mathias PC, Peck Palmer OM, Greene DN. The Lines That Held Us: Assessing Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:1143-1154. [PMID: 34240171 PMCID: PMC8344674 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence are apparent. Race is a sociocultural construct, necessitating investigation into how sociocultural factors contribute. METHODS This cross-sectional study linked laboratory data of adult patients between February 29 and May 15, 2020 with socio-demographics variables from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS). Medical sites included healthcare organizations in Michigan, New York, North Carolina, California, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Race was treated as a proxy for racism and not biological essentialism. Laboratory data included patient age, sex, race, ethnicity, test result, test location, and residential ZIP code. ACS data included economic and educational variables contributing to an SES Index, population density, proportion Medicaid, and racial composition for corresponding ZIP code. Associations between race/socioeconomic variables and test results were examined using odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Of 126 452 patients [mean (SD) age 51.9 (18.4) years; 52 747 (41.7%) men; 68 856 (54.5%) White and 27 805 (22.0%) Black], 18 905 (15.0%) tested positive. Of positive tests, 5238 (SD 27.7%) were White and 7223 (SD 38.2%) were Black. Black race increased the odds of a positive test; this finding was consistent across sites [OR 2.11 (95% CI 1.95-2.29)]. When subset by race, higher SES increased the odds of a positive test for White patients [OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.16)] but decreased the odds for Black patients [OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.99)]. Black patients, but not White patients, who tested positive overwhelmingly resided in more densely populated areas. CONCLUSIONS Black race was associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity and the relationship between SES and test positivity differed by race, suggesting the impact of socioeconomic status on test positivity is race-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu J Hsiao
- Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- MD-PhD Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Aditi G M Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Michelle R Stoffel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Stacy G Beal
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Sean T Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Steven W Cotten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bridgit O Crews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Kevin Kuan
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Patrick C Mathias
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Octavia M Peck Palmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dina N Greene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Washington Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA
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2
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Winston-McPherson GN, Mathias PC, Lockwood CM, Greene DN. Evaluation of Patient Demographics in Clinical Cancer Genomic Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:119-124. [PMID: 33398333 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequitable use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing for cancer risk and treatment can contribute to heath disparity. Consequently, it is important to assess the population receiving this testing. In this article, we characterize the population receiving both germline and somatic NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology at the Genetics and Solid Tumors Laboratory of the University of Washington Medical Center. METHODS The general demographics, including ancestry, of patients receiving somatic testing to identify genes related to cancer treatment or prognosis, diagnosis, or germline testing for heritable cancer risk from January 2015 to July 2017 were characterized. Ancestry was determined using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree. The demographics of the patient population receiving testing were compared with a reference population comprising patients receiving care from the University of Washington Medical Center with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of breast, ovary, colon, rectum, or prostate between January 2015 and May 2018. RESULTS A total of 2210 unique patients were included in this study. Women composed 66% of our total tested population. Patients of European ancestry composed 78% of the tested cohort. The percentages of American Indian/Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander in the cohort receiving NGS testing were significantly different than their respective distributions in the reference cohort. CONCLUSIONS Characterizing the demographics of patients receiving NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree may help identify potential health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick C Mathias
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dina N Greene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Arora K, Umar B, Hogan K, Winston-McPherson GN, Copeland JR, Varney R, Shah V, Totten A. Tackling The Challenge Of Opioid Use And Abuse And Treatment Of Chronic Pain Management. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Deaths from opioid overdose increased 12% from 2016 to 2017. This major economic burden cost roughly $78.5 billion in the US. This steep increase in drug overdose deaths can be attributed to increased synthetic opioid abuse. To better understand and reduce opioid abuse amongst patients at Henry Ford Health System, Detroit MI, we sought to collaborate with physicians to manage prescribing, interpret test results, improve patient care, and deliver more value.
Primary Aim: To create a directed pain panel for ordering and interpreting pain management drugs to help providers to better manage patients and to assess compliance from test ordering history to serve patients safely and effectively.
Secondary Aim: To streamline the process of prescribing pain medications and to create a patient centered approach to treat chronic non-cancer patients who actually need opioids, to minimize the risk of abuse, diversion and addiction among patients.
Methods
Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) cycles of process improvement were used to achieve our two aims. In the first cycle, a drug screen-ordering guide was developed to facilitate screening (qualitative) and confirmation (quantitative) ordering practices. As part of this, providers prescribing for chronic pain patients were advised to use drugs of abuse panel rather than our emergency drug screen. In the second cycle, a directed pain panel (DPP) was introduced with reflex to confirmation testing. The DPP led to discovery of unexpected fentanyl positives, which were further investigated.
Results
A survey was conducted to investigate provider-ordering practices, which showed that use of the new drugs of abuse panel rose from 57% to 77%. The DPP was accepted by ~60% of physicians and was frequently reordered in follow-up. Analysis of unexpected fentanyl positivity revealed 30% true positivity, thus identifying unknown patient use. A future PDCA cycle is focused on developing, implementing, and measuring the customer value of a laboratory generated interpretive opioid results report at 5 similar organizations with a goal to assist with test selection and simplify provider interpretation of results.
Conclusion
A future PDCA cycle is focused on developing, implementing, and measuring the customer value of a laboratory generated interpretive opioid results report at 5 similar organizations with a goal to assist with test selection and simplify provider interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arora
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - B Umar
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - K Hogan
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - G N Winston-McPherson
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - J R Copeland
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - R Varney
- Pathology and laboratory medicine, Henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - V Shah
- Internal medicine, henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - A Totten
- Administration, henry ford health system, Detroit, Michigan, UNITED STATES
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4
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Wu H, Liu B, Yang K, Winston-McPherson GN, Leisten ED, Vezina CM, Ricke WA, Peterson RE, Tang W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of FICZ analogues as agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126959. [PMID: 31952965 PMCID: PMC7007633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand activated transcription factor involved in multiple biological processes including immune cell differentiation, intestinal function and inflammation. Based on the scaffold of naturally occurring AhR ligand 6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole (FICZ, 2), a series of analogues has been designed, synthesized and evaluated by cell-based assays. The structure-activity relationships study has successfully led to the discovery of compound 11e with extremely potent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ka Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Eric D Leisten
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, O'Brien Urology Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, O'Brien Urology Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard E Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Bosch DE, Winston-McPherson GN, Greene DN. Ovarian and Adrenal Venous Catheterization for Hyperandrogenism. J Appl Lab Med 2019; 4:439-445. [PMID: 31659083 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2018.027490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Bosch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | | | - Dina N Greene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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6
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Winston-McPherson GN, Xie H, Yang K, Li X, Shu D, Tang W. Discovery of 2,3'-diindolylmethanes as a novel class of PCSK9 modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2345-2348. [PMID: 31227343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Anti-PCSK9 agents have been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We recently discovered a series of small-molecule PCSK9 modulators that contains a relatively small pharmacophore of 2,3'-diindolylmethane with molecular weights around only 250. These molecules can significantly lower the amount of PCSK9 protein in a cell-based phenotypic assay. Our SAR studies yielded compound 16 with a IC50-value of 200 nM. No obvious cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 50 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haibo Xie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ka Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Dongxu Shu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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7
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Lo SY, Winston-McPherson GN, Starosta AJ, Sullivan MD, Baird GS, Hoofnagle AN, Greene DN. Cannabis Legalization Does Not Influence Patient Compliance with Opioid Therapy. Am J Med 2019; 132:347-353. [PMID: 30419224 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription opioid use and opioid related deaths continue to increase nationwide. Several states have adopted legislation allowing for recreational use of cannabis. Little is known about how recreational cannabis laws impact compliance in chronic pain patients who have been prescribed opioid therapy. The goals of this study were to (1) retrospectively assess the effect of cannabis use on compliance with opioid therapy in a high-risk patient population and (2) determine the impact of legalization of recreational cannabis on patients prescribed therapeutic opioids. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study on results from a "high-risk" urine drug testing panel. Results from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of recreational cannabis legislation were analyzed. This testing panel included qualitative assays for cannabinoids and 9 other common drugs of abuse in addition to a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for 23 different opioids and metabolites. Opioid compliance was assigned by reviewing pathologists' interpretations. RESULTS In the pre-legalization period, 1776 panels were performed, and in the post-legalization, 1648 panels were performed. An increase (6%) in the rate of positive cannabinoids screening results was observed after legalization of recreational cannabis; however, the overall compliance rate was consistent. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that legalization of recreational cannabis does not affect compliance rate in patients treated with opioid therapy for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Lo
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Amy J Starosta
- University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle
| | - Mark D Sullivan
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle
| | - Geoffrey S Baird
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Dina N Greene
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle.
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8
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Winston-McPherson GN, Schmeling M, Hoofnagle AN. Quantification of Methotrexate in Human Serum and Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1872:101-110. [PMID: 30350283 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8823-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly specific and sensitive technique that is used for the detection of many different analytes with diverse chemical characteristics. It has been adopted by clinical laboratories for the quantification of small molecules and, by extension, has been widely used for therapeutic drug monitoring. It is an attractive alternative to immunoassay methods, because it is not subject to the same interferences. A limitation of MS (relative to immunoassays) is the turnaround time. However, this can be addressed by workflow parallelization with other assays. Herein we describe a tandem LC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantification of methotrexate in human plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 0.01 μM and within-assay and between-assay coefficients of variation of less than 15%. This method lacks interference from high-abundance metabolites and utilizes kindred chromatography to improve turnaround time in the therapeutic drug monitoring laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Schmeling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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Winston-McPherson GN, Merrill AE, Lo SY, Hoofnagle AN, Greene DN. Interassay Comparison of the Tumor Markers CA125, CA15.3, and CA27.29. J Appl Lab Med 2017; 2:17-24. [PMID: 33636961 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer antigens 125, 27.29, and 15-3 (CA125, CA27.29, and CA15-3) are markers of ovarian and breast cancer. Comparing tumor marker results across methods is challenging because of the lack of harmonization. Documenting comparability of results is important. METHODS Siemens Advia Centaur CA125 and CA27.29 assays were compared to their corresponding Beckman Coulter DxI CA125 and CA15-3 assays. The interassay bias was determined and the manufacturer-recommended reference intervals were evaluated. RESULTS The DxI CA125 assay demonstrated an overall positive 29% bias relative to the Centaur CA125 assay. The DxI CA15-3 assay demonstrated an overall negative 65% bias relative to the Centaur CA27.29 assay. For patients with multiple comparisons during the study period, the trend of results over time was similar across both sets of assays. Implementing the manufacturer-recommended reference interval for the DxI CA125 assay increased the abnormal flagging rate by 4.5%. In contrast, implementing the manufacturer-recommended reference interval for the DxI CA15-3 assay decreased the abnormal flagging rate by 13.0%. CONCLUSIONS The overall trends for the majority of patients were similar. Therefore, despite the overall biases, transitioning tumor marker assays should not affect clinical interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sheng-Ying Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dina N Greene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chemistry Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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10
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Li H, Li X, Wang HY, Winston-McPherson GN, Geng HMJ, Guzei IA, Tang W. Copper-catalyzed tandem annulation/arylation for the synthesis of diindolylmethanes from propargylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12293-6. [PMID: 25178910 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Various highly substituted 2,3'-diindolylmethane heterocycles were prepared from propargylic alcohols and indole nucleophiles via a transition metal-catalyzed tandem indole annulation/arylation reaction for the first time. Among the metal catalysts we examined, the most economical copper(I) catalyst provided the highest efficiency. The indole nucleophiles could also be replaced by other electron-rich arenes or alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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11
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12
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Winston-McPherson GN, Shu D, Tang W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3'-diindolylmethanes as agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4023-5. [PMID: 24997686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) may be a target for a number of diseases. Natural product malassezin is a AhR agonist with an interesting 2,3'-diindolylmethane skeleton. We have prepared a series of analogues of natural product malassezin using our recently developed method and tested the activity of these analogues against AhR in a cell-based assay. We found that a methyl substituent at 1'-N can significantly increase the activity and the 2-formyl group is not critical for some diindolylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongxu Shu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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13
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Shu D, Winston-McPherson GN, Song W, Tang W. Platinum-catalyzed tandem indole annulation/arylation for the synthesis of diindolylmethanes and indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles. Org Lett 2013; 15:4162-5. [PMID: 23909946 DOI: 10.1021/ol4018408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Various diindolylmethanes were prepared from propargylic ethers and substituted indoles via a platinum-catalyzed tandem indole annulation/arylation cascade. The resulting diindolylmethanes could be converted to natural product malassezin by formylation or indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Shu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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14
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Wang XN, Winston-McPherson GN, Walton MC, Zhang Y, Hsung RP, DeKorver KA. Synthesis of cyclopentenimines from N-allyl ynamides via a tandem aza-Claisen rearrangement-carbocyclization sequence. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6233-44. [PMID: 23718841 DOI: 10.1021/jo400960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe here details of our investigations into Pd-catalyzed and thermal aza-Claisen-carbocyclizations of N-allyl ynamides to prepare a variety of α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenimines. The nature of the ynamide electron-withdrawing group and β-substituent plays critical roles in the success of this tandem cascade. With N-sulfonyl ynamides, the use of palladium catalysis is required, as facile 1,3-sulfonyl shifts dominate under thermal conditions. However, since no analogous 1,3-phosphoryl shift is operational, N-phosphoryl ynamides could be used to prepare similar cyclopentenimines under thermal conditions through zwitter ionic intermediates that undergo N-promoted H-shifts. Alternatively, by employing ynamides bearing tethered carbon nucleophiles, the zwitter ionic intermediates could be intercepted, giving rise rapidly to more complex fused bi- and tricyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, United States
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15
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Liu R, Winston-McPherson GN, Yang ZY, Zhou X, Song W, Guzei IA, Xu X, Tang W. Generation of rhodium(I) carbenes from ynamides and their reactions with alkynes and alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8201-4. [PMID: 23701315 DOI: 10.1021/ja4047069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rh(I) carbenes were conveniently generated from readily available ynamides. These metal carbene intermediates could undergo metathesis with electron-rich or neutral alkynes to afford 2-oxopyrrolidines or be trapped by tethered alkenes to yield 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, a common skeleton in numerous bioactive pharmaceuticals. Although the scope of the former is limited, the latter reaction tolerates various substituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhe Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Wisconsin 53705, United States
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16
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Liu R, Zhang M, Wyche TP, Winston-McPherson GN, Bugni TS, Tang W. Stereoselective preparation of cyclobutanes with four different substituents: total synthesis and structural revision of pipercyclobutanamide A and piperchabamide G. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7503-6. [PMID: 22715150 PMCID: PMC3444511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy was developed for the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of cyclobutanes with four different substituents. It consists of three transition metal-catalyzed reactions — a RhII-catalyzed cyclopropanation, a AgI-catalyzed regioselective and stereospecific ring expansion, and a RhI-catalyzed addition reaction. Structures of pipercyclobutanamide A and piperchabamide G were synthesized and revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhe Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705-2222 (USA)
| | - Min Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705-2222 (USA)
| | - Thomas P. Wyche
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705-2222 (USA)
| | | | - Tim S. Bugni
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705-2222 (USA)
| | - Weiping Tang
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705-2222 (USA)
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