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Dupatne P, Venkatesan T, Navik O, Mohan M, Venugopal KM, . B, Linga V, Lalitha Y, Sivakumar G, Ashwini M. Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). CURR SCI INDIA 2023. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v124/i1/115-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sivakumar G, Varghees S. Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Garcinia gummi-gutta Linn by HFD with Low Dose STZ Induced Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Rats. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i45b36365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Garcinia gummi-gutta Linn. by HFD with low dose STZ induced T2DM on rats.
Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into five groups of six animals, and HFD was induced for 8 weeks. After 4th week of HFD treatment, type-II diabetes was induced by a single dose of 35mg/kg (i.p) STZ, hyperglycemia was confirmed by the elevated levels of blood glucose determined at 72h and the animals with blood glucose concentration (< 250mg/dl) were used for the study. The In vitro anti-diabetic activity was done by the DNS method.
Results: The In vitro anti-diabetic activity by α-amylase inhibition activity by DNS method was very mild as compared to Acarbose and the IC50 value of Acarbose was very low (170.84µg/ml) than MEGG (1989.59µg/ml). However, potent In vivo anti-diabetic activity (P<0.001) was observed after induction HFD with low dose STZ induced T2DM rats at the end of the 8th week, blood sugar level for MEGG high dose (173.40 ± 14.9mg/dl) was found to be almost same as that of standard drug Glibenclamide (164.60 ± 3.21mg/dl) as compared to control (287.90 ± 1.52). The lipid profile of the study showed a marked increase in TC, LDL, TG, and reduction in HDL in HFD with low dose STZ diabetic rats, whereas in MEGG and standard drugs treated by Glibenclamide were found to be substantially decreased and a fair amount of improvement in HDL level (P<0.001). Histologically, focal necrosis was observed in the diabetic rat pancreas whereas on standard and test mild and no evidence of necrosis were observed respectively, similar positive results were found in liver and adipocyte histology for standard and test groups against the HFD with STZ-induced group
Conclusion: Therefore MEGG possesses potent In vivo anti-diabetic effect as well as hypolipidemic effect and therefore MEGG might be a potent phytochemical alternative to prevent and treat T2DM and atherosclerosis and also to reduce its associated complications.
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Lin YH, Yap EP, Sivakumar G, Tee NGZ, Ramachondra CJA, Hausenloy DJ. Cardiac myosin inhibitor, mavacamten, improves myocardial relaxation in mouse HFpEF model. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Medical Research Council (NMRC)
Background / Introduction
There are currently no treatments for directly improving diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Improving myocardial relaxation via manipulating sarcomere function has great potential to unveil novel targets for treating HFpEF. Mavacamten, a small molecule inhibitor of myosin ATPase, has been developed through drug screening as a treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and it is currently being tested in HFpEF patients. Interestingly, emerging evidence suggests that mavacamten may not only modulate contractility but may also modulate myocardial relaxation.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether mavacamten directly modulates sarcomere mechanical properties to improve myocardial relaxation in a mouse HFpEF model.
Methods
Eight to ten weeks old adult male C57Bl/6 mice were fed with (1) standard diet or (2) high-fat diet (HFD) + L-NAME to induce HFpEF (n=10 mice/group). Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline and after 15 weeks. Mouse myofibrils (n=10-15 per animals) were obtained from control and HFpEF mice using a triton X-100-based skinning method. The contractile function of the sarcomere with or without the presence of mavacamten were investigated using a myofibril mechanical system. General myofibril mechanical parameters measured included resting and maximal tension (RT, FMAX, mN/mm2), rate constant of tension development (kACT, S-1), duration of linear relaxation phase (tLIN, mSec) and rate constant of linear and exponential phase relaxation (linear and exponential kREL, S-1). Furthermore, force production as a function of the bathing Ca2+ concentration (pCa 4.5-9.0) was measured to determine the Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofibrils.
Results
As previously reported, C57Bl/6 mice fed with HFD + L-NAME developed cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, exercise intolerance despite having preserved systolic function at 15 weeks. Mechanical analysis showed myofibrils isolated from HFpEF mice has mildly reduced force generation, significantly higher stiffness and elevated Ca2+ sensitivity, compared with control animals. Ex vivo treatment of mavacamten completely normalised Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofibrils from HFpEF animals. Interestingly, mavacamten treatment further accelerated the rate of linear phase relaxation (linear kREL).
Conclusion
This is the first study to characterise in detail the mechanical properties of myofibrils in a mouse HFpEF model. We demonstrated myosin ATPase inhibition using mavacamten could normalise elevated Ca2+ sensitivity as well as facilitate relaxation kinetics at the sarcomere level in HFpEF. These findings position mavacamten to be a potential therapeutic intervention for improving diastolic function in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- YH Lin
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - EP Yap
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Sivakumar
- University College of London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - NGZ Tee
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | | | - DJ Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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Sivakumar G, Mohan M, Subaharan K, Venkatesan T, Yelshetti S, Kannan M, Anandham R, Yandigeri MS, Kumari S, Elango K, Kumar PR. Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper <i>Amrasca biguttula biguttula</i>. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v122/i8/958-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Balasundaram V, Balasubramanian V, Senthil Siva Subramanian T, Henry J, Daniel T, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G. Effect of adding Ce on the optostructural and electrical properties of cubic CaSnO 3. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2014487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Balasundaram
- CISL, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Balasubramanian
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - J. Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Daniel
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- CISL, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Henry J, Daniel T, Balasubramanian V, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G. Chemically deposited p-type MoBiCuS 4 thin film for photoelectrochemical cell applications. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1990921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Daniel
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Balasubramanian
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- Centralised Instrumentation and Service Laboratory, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kannan M, Geetha N, Elango K, Mohan M, Sivakumar G. Characterization of granulosis viruses of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur). CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v121/i4/570-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ashwini M, Mohan M, Sivakumar G, Venkatesan T. Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, <i>Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi</i> (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v120/i2/423-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sivakumar G, Kannan M, Ramesh Babu S, Mohan M, Sampath Kumar M, Raveendran P, Venkatesan T, Rangeshwaran R, Ballal CR, Ram Kumar P. Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India. CURR SCI INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v119/i5/860-864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Henry J, Daniel T, Balasubramanian V, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G. Temperature dependent electrical and optical properties with higher photosensitivity of Cu2Se absorber thin films for photo voltaic application. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1751199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - T. Daniel
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - V. Balasubramanian
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- Centralised Instrumentation and Service Laboratory, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
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Balasubramanian V, Daniel T, Henry J, Sivakumar G, Mohanraj K. Electrochemical performances of activated carbon prepared using eggshell waste. SN Appl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Panneerselvam R, Anandhan N, Sivakumar G, Ganesan KP, Marimuthu T, Sugumar V. Role of Annealing Temperatures on Mechanical, Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Nanohydroxyapatite Biomaterial. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:4366-4376. [PMID: 30913727 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized hydroxyapatite [Ca10(Po₄)6(OH)₂ or HAp] was prepared by applying wet-chemical precipitation technique. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC) analyses, showed that the prepared sample was stable up to 919.2 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that as-prepared and annealed samples are in hexagonal structure. The average crystallite size is found to be 39, 46, 51 and 65 nm for the as-prepared, 700, 800 and 900 °C annealed HAp respectively. The dislocation density, strain and surface area were decreased with increase in annealing temperature. FT-IR and Raman spectra showed both as-prepared and annealed samples having characteristic bands of HAp. FE-SEM and TEM images which depicted and confirmed the hexagonal structure of HAp. The optical band gap calculated from the UV absorption behavior of as-prepared and annealed at 700, 800 and 900 °C HAp are 3.86, 3.84, 3.54, and 3.03 eV respectively. As the annealing temperature increases, the conductivity decreases whereas the impedance increases. The ac conductivity of as-prepared and annealed samples are in the order of 10-5 Sm-1. The VSM analysis confirmed that both as-prepared and annealed samples of HAp are in diamagnetic nature. The antibacterial activity of apatite samples depend on the types of bacterial strains and also their activity changed with the crystallite size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Panneerselvam
- Advanced Materials and Thin Film Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anandhan
- Advanced Materials and Thin Film Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Centralised Instrumentation and Services Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 2, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K P Ganesan
- Advanced Materials and Thin Film Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Marimuthu
- Advanced Materials and Thin Film Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sugumar
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, (Thondi Campus) Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mukherjee S, Sivakumar G, Goodden J, Tyagi A, Chumas P. FP2-1 Prognostic value of leucocytosis in paediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesWe assessed leucocytosis and evaluated its prognostic value in isolated paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignRetrospective analysis.Subjects106 consecutive paediatric patients with isolated TBI admitted between June 2008 and June 2016.MethodsInitial blood leucocyte count (WCC), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), computed tomographic (CT) findings, duration of hospital stay, and Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) scores were analysed.ResultsMean age was 4.2 years. For patients with GCS 3–8, 9–13 and 14–15, WCC was 20, 15.9 and 10.7 × 109/L respectively. Differences in WCC were significant between the different GCS groups (p<0.01). Length of hospital stay, extent of midline shift on CT and poor 6 month PCPCS rating were each significantly correlated with WCC (p<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a cut-off WCC of 16.1 × 109/L, above which GCS, CT findings, length of hospital stay and PCPCS were less favourable. Application of the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of randomized Controlled Trials in TBI (IMPACT) adult TBI prediction model to our paediatric cohort, using area under the operating curve (AUROC) and coefficient analyses, demonstrated increased accuracy with incorporation of WCC as a risk factor.ConclusionsHigh initial leucocytosis (>16.1×109/L) is predictive for poor GCS, severe CT findings, lengthy hospital stay and poor PCPCS in isolated paediatric TBI. Incorporating WCC into TBI prediction models may increase the accuracy of prognostication.
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Sivakumar G, Uccella NA, Gentile L. Probing Downstream Olive Biophenol Secoiridoids. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102892. [PMID: 30249049 PMCID: PMC6212805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bioactive biophenol secoiridoids (BPsecos) are found in the fruit, leaves, and oil of olives. These BPsecos play important roles in both the taste of food and human health. The main BPseco bioactive from green olive fruits, leaves, and table olives is oleuropein, while olive oil is rich in oleuropein downstream pathway molecules. The aim of this study was to probe olive BPseco downstream molecular pathways that are alike in biological and olive processing systems at different pHs and reaction times. The downstream molecular pathway were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) and typed neglected of different overlap (TNDO) computational methods. Our study showed oleuropein highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1 triggered the free radical processes, while HOMO-2 and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were polar reactions of glucoside and ester groups. Olive BPsecos were found to be stable under acid and base catalylic experiments. Oleuropein aglycone opened to diales and rearranged to hydroxytyrosil-elenolate under strong reaction conditions. The results suggest that competition among olive BPseco HOMOs could induce glucoside hydrolysis during olive milling due to native olive β-glucosidases. The underlined olive BPsecos downstream molecular mechanism herein could provide new insights into the olive milling process to improve BPseco bioactives in olive oil and table olives, which would enhance both the functional food and the nutraceuticals that are produced from olives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Nicola A Uccella
- IRESMO Foundation Group, via Petrozza 16A, 87040 Montalto Uffugo, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci 42C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Molecular Ecology, Microbial Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics (MEMEG) unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
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Henry J, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G. Thermally evaporated CZTSe thin films for solar cell application: Study on the effect of annealing time. Particulate Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1455783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- CISL, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Wilson JRF, Saeed F, Tyagi AK, Goodden JR, Sivakumar G, Crimmins D, Elliott M, Picton S, Chumas PD. Pre-operative neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) in predicting the histological grade of paediatric brain tumours: a preliminary study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:793-800. [PMID: 29188366 PMCID: PMC5859055 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) is an established prognostic marker for renal, lung and colorectal carcinomas and has been suggested to be predictive of histological grade and outcome in adult intracranial tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation of the pre-operative neutrophil count (NC) and NLCR with the final histological grade exists in paediatric intracranial tumours. METHODS A retrospective analysis was undertaken at a single centre. Patients less than 18 years old at the time of surgery who underwent tumour-related procedures from 2006 to 2015 were included. Patients with recurrent tumours, previous bone marrow transplant and metastases were excluded. Pre-operative full blood counts (FBC), collected before the diagnosis of intracranial pathology and before administration of steroids, were matched with histological diagnosis for each patient. Post-operative FBC was also recorded, together with survival data where applicable. RESULTS A total of 116 patients (74 male, 42 female; mean age, 8 ± 0.9 years) with a diagnosis of primary intracranial tumours had pre-operative FBC that could be matched to final histological grade. Pre-operative NC and NLCR were higher with increasing grade of tumour: grade 1 (NC 4.29 109/l, NLCR 2.26), grade 2 (NC 4.59 109/l, NLCR 2.38), grade 3 (NC 5.67 109/l, NLCR 2.72) and grade 4 (NC 6.59 109/l, NLCR 3.31). Patients with WHO grade 1 and 2 tumours pooled together had a lower NC (4.37 95% CI ± 0.67 109/l) compared to WHO grade 3 and 4 patients (6.41 95% CI ± 0.99 109/l, p = 0.0013). The NLCR was lower in grade 1 and 2 tumours (2.29 ± 0.59) (compared to grade 3 and 4 tumours; 3.20 ± 0.76) but this did not reach significance (p = 0.069). The subgroup of patients with pilocytic astrocytoma had a significantly lower NC when compared to patients with high-grade tumours (p = 0.005). Medulloblastoma and supratentorial PNET subgroups had significantly higher NC compared to the low-grade group (p = 0.033, p = 0.002). Post-operative NC was significantly higher in the high-grade tumours (p = 0.034), but no difference was observed for NLCR (p = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS No evidence exists to support the correlation of pre-operative NC or NLCR to histological diagnosis in paediatric intracranial tumours. Our results indicate that a higher pre-operative NC/NLCR correlates with a higher histological grade of tumour. This suggests that immunological mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of paediatric brain tumours, and a further prospective study is required to substantiate and expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R F Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK.
| | - F Saeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - A K Tyagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - J R Goodden
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - G Sivakumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - D Crimmins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Elliott
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - S Picton
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
| | - P D Chumas
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, LS13EX, UK
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Sivakumar G, Swami SK, Nagarajan G, Mehta S, Tuteja F, Ashraf M, Patil N. Molecular characterization of Hyalomma dromedarii from North Western Region of India based on the gene sequences encoding Calreticulin and Internally Transcribed Spacer Region 2. Gene Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gentile L, Uccella NA, Sivakumar G. Oleuropein: Molecular Dynamics and Computation. Curr Med Chem 2018; 24:4315-4328. [PMID: 28901273 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170912102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/01/1970] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil and table olive biophenols have been shown to significantly enrich the hedonic-sensory and nutritional quality of the Mediterranean diet. Oleuropein is one of the predominant biophenols in green olives and leaves, which not only has noteworthy freeradical quenching activity but also putatively reduces the incidence of various cancers. Clinical trials suggest that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil reduces the risk of several degenerative diseases. The oleuropein-based bioactives in olive oil could reduce tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and nitric oxide. Therefore, the quality of olive biophenols should be preserved and even improved due to their disease-fighting properties. OBJECTIVE Understanding the molecular dynamics of oleuropein is crucial to increase olive oil and table olive quality. The objective of this review is to provide the molecular dynamics and computational mapping of oleuropein. METHOD The oleuropein molecular bond sequential breaking mechanisms were analyzed through unimolecular reactions under electron spray ionization, collision activated dissociations, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. RESULTS Oleuropein is a biophenol-secoiridoid expressing different functionalities such as two π-bonds, two esters, two acetals, one catechol, and four hexose hydroxyls within 540 mw. The oleuropein solvent-free reactivity is leading to glucose loss and bioactive aglycone-dialdehydes via secoiridoid ring opening. CONCLUSION Oleuropein electron distribution revealed that the free-radical non-polar processes occur from its highest occupied molecular orbital, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is clearly devoted to nucleophilic and base site reactivity. This molecular dynamics and computational mapping of oleuropein could contribute to the engineering of olive-based biomedicine and/or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende (CS). Italy
| | - Nicola A Uccella
- IRESMO Foundation Group, via Petrozza 16A, Montalto Uffugo, 87040 (CS). Italy
| | - Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204. United States
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Sivakumar G, Alba K, Phillips GC. Biorhizome: A Biosynthetic Platform for Colchicine Biomanufacturing. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1137. [PMID: 28713407 PMCID: PMC5491623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine is one of the oldest plant-based medicines used to treat gout and one of the most important alkaloid-based antimitotic drugs with anticancer potential, which is commercially extracted from Gloriosa superba. Clinical trials suggest that colchicine medication could prevent atrial fibrillation recurrence after cardiac surgery. In addition, therapeutic colchicine is undergoing clinical trials to treat non-diabetic metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. However, the industrial-scale biomanufacturing of colchicine have not yet been established. Clearly, further studies on detailed biorhizome-specific transcriptome analysis, gene expression, and candidate gene validation are required before uncover the mechanism of colchicine biosynthesis and biorhizome-based colchicine biomanufacturing. Annotation of 32312 assembled multiple-tissues transcripts of G. superba represented 15088 unigenes in known plant specific gene ontology. This could help understanding colchicine biosynthesis in G. superba. This review highlights the biorhizomes, rhizome specific genes or gene what expressed with high level in rhizomes, and deep fluid dynamics in a bioreactor specifically for the biomanufacture of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Kamran Alba
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Gregory C. Phillips
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, JonesboroAR, United States
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Gomathi S, Dravida Thendral E, Sivakumar G, Sabari V, Usha G. Methyl (6 R*,6a R*,12b R*)-2,4-dimethyl-6-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3,4,6a,7,12b-hexahydro-1 H,6 H-chromeno[4′,3′:4,5]pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidine-6a-carboxylate. IUCr Data 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617008124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C24H24N2O6, the mean planes of the pyran rings (AandB) are inclined to one another by 69.2 (1)°, while the aromatic ring (D) of the chromene ring system makes dihedral angles of 63.42 (11) and 66.81 (12)° with the pyrimidine (C) and benzene (E) rings, respectively. Pyran ringAhas an half-chair conformation, while pyran ringBhas an envelope conformation, with the spiro C atom as the flap. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a supramolecular three-dimensional network. There are also a number of C—H...π interactions present.
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Abstract
Olive oil and table olives are rich sources of biophenols, which provides a unique taste, aroma and potential health benefits. Specifically, green olive drupes are enriched with oleuropein, a bioactive biophenol secoiridoid. Olive oil contains hydrolytic derivatives such as hydroxytyrosol, oleacein and elenolate from oleuropein as well as tyrosol and oleocanthal from ligstroside. Biophenol secoiridoids are categorized by the presence of elenoic acid or its derivatives in their molecular structure. Medical studies suggest that olive biophenol secoiridoids could prevent cancer, obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, understanding the biomolecular dynamics of oleuropein can potentially improve olive-based functional foods and nutraceuticals. This review provides a critical assessment of oleuropein biomolecular mechanism and computational mapping that could contribute to nutrigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Nicola A Uccella
- DIMEG Department, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 42C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- IRESMO Foundation Group, via Petrozza 16A, 87040 Montalto Uffugo, Italy.
| | - Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Mukherjee S, Start J, Burnet N, Sivakumar G, Thomson S, Corns R. P09.35 Gross total resection of glioblastoma multiforme: influencing factors & survival outcomes - a single centre experience. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santhanapriya R, Muthukannan A, Sivakumar G, Mohanraj K. Solvothermal-Assisted Synthesis of Cu3XS3 (X = Bi and Sb) Chalcogenide Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2015.1095768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Santhanapriya
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Muthukannan
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vijila JJJ, Mohanraj K, Henry J, Sivakumar G. Microwave-assisted Bi₂Se₃ nanoparticles using various organic solvents. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:457-464. [PMID: 26363730 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microwave assisted Bi2Se3 nanoparticles were synthesized from five different solvents DMF, EG, EG+H2O, EDA+dil.HNO3 and N2H4+H2O+Ethanol. The influence of solvents on purity of the compound was analysed by using X-ray diffraction patterns. The result indicates pure rhombohedral Bi2Se3 nanoparticles formed for N2H4+H2O+Ethanol. The presence of vibrational bands in the range of 400-800 cm(-1) is confirmed the formation of Bi2Se3. The maximum optical absorption observed around 450 nm and the band gap values are found in the range of 1.5 eV-2.17 eV for all the solvents. The nanostructure of the Bi2Se3 particles change with solvents. From the experimental results, the solvent N2H4+H2O+Ethanol produces pure nanosize Bi2Se3 particles under the microwave assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joy Jeba Vijila
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- CISL, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Henry J, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G, Umamaheswari S. Electrochemical and fluorescence properties of SnO2 thin films and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 143:172-178. [PMID: 25727293 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films were deposited by a simple and inexpensive sol-gel spin coating technique and the films were annealed at two different temperatures (350°C and 450°C). Structural, vibrational, optical and electrochemical properties of the films were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry techniques respectively and their results are discussed in detail. The antimicrobial properties of SnO2 thin films were investigated by agar agar method and the results confirm the antibacterial activity of SnO2 against Escherichiacoli and Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Sivakumar
- Centralised Instrumentation and Service Laboratory, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Umamaheswari
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bohra PK, Ganesh PR, Reddy MM, Ebenezar AVR, Sivakumar G. Colour stability of heat and cold cure acrylic resins. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC12-5. [PMID: 25738078 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11620.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the colour stability of heat and cold cure acrylic resins under simulated oral conditions with different colorants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different brands of heat cure acrylic resin and two rapid cure auto polymerizing acrylic resin of commercial products such as Trevelon Heat Cure (THC), DPI Heat cure (DHC), Pyrax Heat Cure (PHC), DPI Cold cure (DCC) and Acralyn-R-Cold cure (ACC) have been evaluated for discoloration and colour variation on subjecting it to three different, commonly employed food colorants such as Erythrosine, Tartarizine and Sunset yellow. In order to simulate the oral condition the food colorants were diluted with artificial saliva to the samples taken up for the study. These were further kept in an incubator at 37°C ± 1°C. The UV-visible spectrophotometer has been utilized to evaluate the study on the basis of CIE L* a* b* system. The prepared samples for standard evaluation have been grouped as control group, which has been tested with a white as standard, which is applicable for testing the colour variants. RESULTS The least colour changes was found to be with Sunset Yellow showing AE* value of 3.55 with heat cure acrylic resin branded as PHC material and the highest colour absorption with Tartarizine showing AE* value of 12.43 in rapid cure autopolymerzing acrylic resin material branded as ACC material. CONCLUSION ACC which is a self cure acrylic resin shows a higher colour variation to the tartarizine food coloration. There were not much of discoloration values shown on the denture base resins as the food colorants are of organic azodyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Bohra
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Madha Dental College , Chennai, India
| | - P R Ganesh
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Madha Dental College , Chennai, India
| | - Madan Mohan Reddy
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Teja Dental College , Tirupati, India
| | - A V Rajesh Ebenezar
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College , Chennai, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Madha Dental College , Chennai, India
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Arunachalam A, Dhanapandian S, Manoharan C, Sivakumar G. Physical properties of Zn doped TiO2 thin films with spray pyrolysis technique and its effects in antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 138:105-112. [PMID: 25479105 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2: Zn) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique with the substrate temperature 450°C. The structural, optical, photoluminescence (PL) properties and morphological studies were investigated for the films deposited with various doping concentration (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8at.%) of zinc. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) had shown the presence of anatase peak with a strong orientation along (101) plane at 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study showed the uniform distribution of grains with porous nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations indicated the tetragonal shape at 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 with the particle size and decrease in surface roughness. The emission at 398nm was observed at the 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 thin film. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility was increased with doping. The antibacterial activity was highly yielded for the Zn-doped TiO2 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arunachalam
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- Centralised Instrumentation and Service Laboratory (CISL), Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kannan S, Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G. Sonochemically prepared PbWO4 tetragonal-bipyramidal microcrystals and their photoluminescence properties. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 138:92-98. [PMID: 25474165 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead tungstate (PbWO4) microcrystals were synthesized for the first time, via different concentrations of PVA assisted sonochemical process. The concentration of PVA acts as a structure directing agent and played an important role in the morphological control of resulting PbWO4 microcrystals. The product PbWO4 composing of Pb, W and O and WO stretching vibration band of WO4 tetrahedrons were confirmed through XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDS. The TG/DTA curves showed that the particles are crystallized at room temperature itself and the thermal stability of the product is really good. The optical properties of the product shows extraordinarily high room temperature photoluminescence intensity compared to without PVA assisted product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kannan
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Mohanraj
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Sivakumar
- CISL, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagarajan G, Swami SK, Dahiya SS, Sivakumar G, Tuteja F, Narnaware S, Mehta S, Singh R, Patil N. Comparative sequence analysis of double stranded RNA binding protein encoding gene of parapoxviruses from Indian camels. J Adv Res 2015; 5:271-6. [PMID: 25685494 PMCID: PMC4294734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dsRNA binding protein (RBP) encoding gene of parapoxviruses (PPVs) from the Dromedary camels, inhabitating different geographical region of Rajasthan, India were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers of pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV) from Finnish reindeer and cloned into pGEM-T for sequence analysis. Analysis of RBP encoding gene revealed that PPV DNA from Bikaner shared 98.3% and 76.6% sequence identity at the amino acid level, with Pali and Udaipur PPV DNA, respectively. Reference strains of Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and PCPV (reindeer PCPV and human PCPV) shared 52.8% and 86.9% amino acid identity with RBP gene of camel PPVs from Bikaner, respectively. But different strains of orf virus (ORFV) from different geographical areas of the world shared 69.5-71.7% amino acid identity with RBP gene of camel PPVs from Bikaner. These findings indicate that the camel PPVs described are closely related to bovine PPV (PCPV) in comparison to caprine and ovine PPV (ORFV).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Nagarajan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 151 2230183; fax: +91 151 2231213.
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Sivakumar G, Jeong K, Lay JO. Biomass and RRR-α-tocopherol production in Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011 in a balloon bioreactor. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:79. [PMID: 24893720 PMCID: PMC4055361 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Green microalgae represent a renewable natural source of vitamin E. Its most bioactive form is the naturally occurring RRR-α-tocopherol which is biosynthesized in photosynthetic organisms as a single stereoisomer. It is noteworthy that the natural and synthetic α-tocopherols are different biomolecular entities. This article focuses on RRR-α-tocopherol production in Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011 biomass in a bioreactor culture with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) elicitor. Additionally, a nonlinear mathematical model was used to quantitatively scale-up and predict the biomass production in a 20 L balloon bioreactor with dual variables such as time and volume. Results Approximately 0.6 mg/g dry weight (DW) of RRR-α-tocopherol was enhanced in S. bacillaris strain siva2011 biomass with the MeJa 50 μL/L for 24 hrs elicitations when compared to the control. The R2 value from the nonlinear model was enhanced up to 95% when compared to the linear model which significantly improved the accuracy for estimating S. bacillaris strain siva2011 biomass production in a balloon bioreactor. Conclusions S. bacillaris strain siva2011 is a new green microalga which biosynthesizes significant amounts of RRR-α-tocopherol. Systematically validated dual variable empirical data should provide key insights to multivariable or fourth order modeling for algal biomass scale-up. This bioprocess engineering should provide valuable information for industrial production of RRR-α-tocopherol from green cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute and College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
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Ramanujam B, Rangeshwaran R, Sivakumar G, Mohan M, Yandigeri MS. Management of Insect Pests by Microorganisms. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i2/3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sivakumar G, Jeong K, Lay JO. Bioprocessing of Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:62. [PMID: 24731690 PMCID: PMC4022374 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the development of a cost-effective long-term renewable energy infrastructure is one of the most challenging problems faced by society today. Microalgae are rich in potential biofuel substrates such as lipids, including triacylglycerols (TAGs). Some of these algae also biosynthesize small molecule hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can often be used as liquid fuels, often with more versatility and by a more direct approach than some TAGs. However, the appropriate TAGs, accumulated from microalgae biomass, can be used as substrates for different kinds of renewable liquid fuels such as biodiesel and jet fuel. RESULTS This article describes the isolation and identification of a lipid-rich, hydrocarbon-producing alga, Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011, together with its bioprocessing, hydrocarbon and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. The S. bacillaris strain siva2011 was scaled-up in an 8 L bioreactor with 0.2% CO2. The C16:0, C16:3, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were 112.2, 9.4, 51.3, 74.1 and 69.2 mg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. This new strain produced a significant amount of biomass of 3.79 g/L DW on day 6 in the 8 L bioreactor and also produced three hydrocarbons. CONCLUSIONS A new oil-rich microalga S. bacillaris strain siva2011 was discovered and its biomass has been scaled-up in a newly designed balloon-type bioreactor. The TAGs and hydrocarbons produced by this organism could be used as substrates for jet fuel or biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute and College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Kwangkook Jeong
- College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Seenivasagam R, Hemavathi K, Sivakumar G, Niranjan V. Discovering novel carriers for oral insulin tablets: a pharmacoinformatics approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:184-206. [PMID: 23467063 DOI: 10.1504/ijbra.2013.052443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is used medically to treat Type 1 diabetes mellitus most commonly injected subcutaneously for human beings. The realisation that insulin injections have become a part of life can be extremely harrowing for many diabetic patients. Using insulin therapeutically is not a new practice, but still delivery methods to make the process more bearable have not gained widespread prominence as of yet. Oral delivery of insulin in tablet form has always been a significant challenge for pharmaceutical researchers. This study is a prospect of oral insulin tablet through pharmacoinformatics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seenivasagam
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, Sastra University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Muthukannan A, Sivakumar G, Mohanraj K. Influence of Equimolar Concentration on Structural and Optical Properties of Binary Selenides Nanoparticles. Particulate Science and Technology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.880978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Muthukannan
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamilnadu , India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- b Department of Physics , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamilnadu , India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamilnadu , India
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Prabhu K, Mohanraj K, Kannan S, Barathan S, Sivakumar G. Effect of pH, L-Arginine Concentration, and Aging Time on Selenium Nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2013.771666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Prabhu
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S. Kannan
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S. Barathan
- b Department of Physics , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- c CISL, Department of Physics , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamil Nadu , India
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Amutha K, Sivakumar G. Analytical analysis of synthesized biosilica from bioresidues. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 112:219-222. [PMID: 23673239 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw and maize stalk are major residues of agriculture field. These residues were utilized to synthesis nano-biosilica by sol-gel route. The structural properties of rice straw ash, maize stalks ash and biosilica were characterized by X-ray diffraction and FTIR. Morphology evaluation by SEM confirms the formation of nano-biosilica of spherical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amutha
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 600 802, India
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Sivakumar G. Colchicine Semisynthetics: Chemotherapeutics for Cancer? Curr Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/092986713805219073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nagarajan G, Swami SK, Dahiya SS, Sivakumar G, Narnaware S, Tuteja F, Patil N. Comparison of virokine from camel pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV) with Interleukin 10 of the Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Cytokine 2013; 61:356-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ponnusamy R, Sabari V, Sivakumar G, Bakthadoss M, Aravindhan S. (6bS*,14R*,14aR*)-Methyl 14-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-7-oxo-6b,6c,7,12b,14,14a-hexa-hydro-1H-pyrano[3,2-c:5,4-c']dichromene-14a-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o267-8. [PMID: 23424543 PMCID: PMC3569797 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(28)H(22)O(6), the chromeno ring system is almost planar, with a dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyran and benzene rings of 1.87 (8)°. The pyran ring bearing the methyl-phenyl substituent has a half-chair conformation while the other pyran ring has an envelope conformation with the tetra-substituted C atom as the flap. The benzene ring of the chromeno ring system is inclined to the benzene ring fused to the latter pyran ring by 74.66 (9)°. These aromatic rings are inclined to the 4-methyl-phenyl ring by 52.67 (9) and 66.63 (10)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ponnusamy
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Madha Engineering College, Kundrathur, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - V. Sabari
- Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M. Bakthadoss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - S. Aravindhan
- Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India
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Sivakumar G. Colchicine semisynthetics: chemotherapeutics for cancer? Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:892-898. [PMID: 23210778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bioactive alkaloids of plant origin play a significant role in human health and medicine. Several semisynthetic antimitotic alkaloids are successful in anticancer drug development. Gloriosa superba biosynthesizes substantial quantities of colchicine, a bioactive molecule for gout treatment. Colchicine also has antimitotic activity, preventing growth of cancer cells by interacting with microtubules, which could lead to the design of better cancer therapeutics. Further, several colchicine semisynthetics are less toxic than colchicine. Research is being conducted on effective, less toxic colchicine semisynthetic formulations with potential drug delivery strategies directly targeting multiple solid cancers. This article reviews the dynamic state of anticancer drug development from colchicine semisynthetics and natural colchicine production and briefly discusses colchicine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sivakumar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute and College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
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Nagarajan A, Arunkumar K, Saravanan M, Sivakumar G, Krishnan P. Detection of fusidic acid resistance determinants among Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing skin and soft tissue infections from a tertiary care centre in Chennai, South India. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abimanyu N, Arunkumar K, Saravanan M, Sivakumar G, Krishnan P. PVL positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess infection among post-partum women in Chennai, South India. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344695 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-o13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Dass BS, Nagarajan A, Krishnan P, Sivakumar G. Clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus causing skin and ear infections from Chennai, South India. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Sujatha G, Sivapathasundharam B, Sivakumar G, Nalinkumar S, Ramasamy M, Prasad TS. Idiopathic multiple impacted unerupted teeth: Case report and discussion. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:125-7. [PMID: 22438652 PMCID: PMC3303506 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.92989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple impacted permanent teeth are usually related to syndromes, metabolic and hormonal disorders. However, in some cases, impaction of multiple teeth is not associated with any syndrome. In this report, we present a case of 17-year-old male patient with missing teeth. Radiographs revealed multiple impacted permanent teeth, though medical and family history along with physical examination was not suggestive of any syndromes. If other investigations are negative, an idiopathic case of multiple impacted teeth is suggested to be the possible diagnosis. The objective of this report is to increase awareness of such cases especially in the absence of hereditary/genetic/metabolic factors usually inherent in such scenarios. The patient management in such cases needs to be planned specifically from a multidisciplinary standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sujatha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College, Chennai, India
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Singh DK, Winocour P, Summerhayes B, Kaniyur S, Viljoen A, Sivakumar G, Farrington K. Prevalence and progression of peripheral vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes subjects with preserved kidney function. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97:158-65. [PMID: 22386825 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine predictors of prevalence and progression of peripheral vascular calcification (VC) in type 2 diabetes (DM) subjects with preserved kidney function. METHODS Fifty-eight subjects (age 63 ± 11.6 years) with type 2 DM and serum creatinine <125 μmol/l were studied. A CT scan of femoral, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries was carried out at baseline and at one year. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL were measured along with routine biochemistry. RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of patients had baseline VC, 47% with femoral VC, 49% with VC at two sites - femoral and foot, and 4% foot VC alone. Age, ethnicity, peripheral neuropathy and eGFR were independent predictors of baseline VC. Baseline calcification was the most important predictor of VC progression and was present in all subjects with progression compared to 35% of non-progressors (p < 0.001). Exclusion of demographic factors from models revealed neuropathy and serum OPG levels as independent predictors of both; baseline VC and progression. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with type 2 DM and well-preserved renal function had a high prevalence of VC, which was rapidly progressive especially in those with baseline VC. Age, ethnicity, neuropathy, smoking and eGFR were predictors of baseline VC and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv K Singh
- Renal Unit, East and North Herts NHS Trust, SG1 4AB, UK.
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Kaushik G, Arunkumar K, Sivakumar G, Rajasomasundharam R, Krishnan P. Integrons as surrogate marker for multi drug resistance in gram negative bacilli. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Kaushik
- Dept of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - K Arunkumar
- Department of General Surgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- Department of General Surgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - Padma Krishnan
- Dept of Microbiology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Sivakumar G, Xu J, Thompson RW, Yang Y, Randol-Smith P, Weathers PJ. Integrated green algal technology for bioremediation and biofuel. Bioresour Technol 2012; 107:1-9. [PMID: 22230775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable non-food energy biomass and cost-effective ways to produce renewable energy technologies from this biomass are continuously emerging. Algae are capable of producing lipids and hydrocarbons quickly and their photosynthetic abilities make them a promising candidate for an alternative energy source. In addition, their favorable carbon life cycle and a renewed focus on rural economic development are attractive factors. In this review the focus is mainly on the integrated approach of algae culture for bioremediation and oil-based biofuel production with mention of possible other value-added benefits of using algae for those purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
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