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Kandzari DE, Böhm M, Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Pocock S, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D, Choi JW, East C, Brar S, Cohen SA, Fahy M, Pilcher G, Kario K. Effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive drugs: 6-month efficacy and safety results from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED proof-of-concept randomised trial. Lancet 2018; 391:2346-2355. [PMID: 29803589 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous catheter-based renal denervation studies have reported variable efficacy results. We aimed to evaluate safety and blood pressure response after renal denervation or sham control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension on antihypertensive medications with drug adherence testing. METHODS In this international, randomised, single-blind, sham-control, proof-of-concept trial, patients with uncontrolled hypertension (aged 20-80 years) were enrolled at 25 centres in the USA, Germany, Japan, UK, Australia, Austria, and Greece. Eligible patients had an office systolic blood pressure of between 150 mm Hg and 180 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher; a 24 h ambulatory systolic blood pressure of between 140 mm Hg and 170 mm Hg at second screening; and were on one to three antihypertensive drugs with stable doses for at least 6 weeks. Patients underwent renal angiography and were randomly assigned to undergo renal denervation or sham control. Patients, caregivers, and those assessing blood pressure were masked to randomisation assignments. The primary efficacy endpoint was blood pressure change from baseline (measured at screening visit two), based on ambulatory blood pressure measurements assessed at 6 months, as compared between treatment groups. Drug surveillance was used to assess medication adherence. The primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population. Safety events were assessed through 6 months as per major adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02439775, and follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS Between July 22, 2015, and June 14, 2017, 467 patients were screened and enrolled. This analysis presents results for the first 80 patients randomly assigned to renal denervation (n=38) and sham control (n=42). Office and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline to 6 months in the renal denervation group (mean baseline-adjusted treatment differences in 24 h systolic blood pressure -7·0 mm Hg, 95% CI -12·0 to -2·1; p=0·0059, 24 h diastolic blood pressure -4·3 mm Hg, -7·8 to -0·8; p=0.0174, office systolic blood pressure -6·6 mm Hg, -12·4 to -0·9; p=0·0250, and office diastolic blood pressure -4·2 mm Hg, -7·7 to -0·7; p=0·0190). The change in blood pressure was significantly greater at 6 months in the renal denervation group than the sham-control group for office systolic blood pressure (difference -6·8 mm Hg, 95% CI -12·5 to -1·1; p=0·0205), 24 h systolic blood pressure (difference -7·4 mm Hg, -12·5 to -2·3; p=0·0051), office diastolic blood pressure (difference -3·5 mm Hg, -7·0 to -0·0; p=0·0478), and 24 h diastolic blood pressure (difference -4·1 mm Hg, -7·8 to -0·4; p=0·0292). Evaluation of hourly changes in 24 h systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure showed blood pressure reduction throughout 24 h for the renal denervation group. 3 month blood pressure reductions were not significantly different between groups. Medication adherence was about 60% and varied for individual patients throughout the study. No major adverse events were recorded in either group. INTERPRETATION Renal denervation in the main renal arteries and branches significantly reduced blood pressure compared with sham control with no major safety events. Incomplete medication adherence was common. FUNDING Medtronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kandzari
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Weber
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - James W Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cara East
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Sidney A Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Medtronic PLC, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Kandzari DE, Kario K, Mahfoud F, Cohen SA, Pilcher G, Pocock S, Townsend R, Weber MA, Böhm M. The SPYRAL HTN Global Clinical Trial Program: Rationale and design for studies of renal denervation in the absence (SPYRAL HTN OFF-MED) and presence (SPYRAL HTN ON-MED) of antihypertensive medications. Am Heart J 2016; 171:82-91. [PMID: 26699604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal sympathetic activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as demonstrated by high renal norepinephrine spillover into plasma of patients with essential hypertension. Renal denervation has demonstrated a significant reduction in blood pressure in unblinded studies of hypertensive patients. The SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial, the first prospective, masked, randomized study of renal denervation versus sham control, failed its primary efficacy end point and raised important questions around potentially confounding factors, such as drug changes and adherence, study population, and procedural methods. The SPYRAL HTN Global Clinical Trial Program is designed to address limitations associated with predicate studies and provide insight into the impact of pharmacotherapy on renal denervation efficacy. The 2 initial trials of the program focus on the effect of renal denervation using the Symplicity Spyral multielectrode renal denervation catheter in hypertensive patients in the absence (SPYRAL HTN OFF-MED) and presence (SPYRAL HTN ON-MED) of antihypertensive medications. The SPYRAL HTN ON-MED study requires patients to be treated with a consistent triple therapy antihypertensive regimen, whereas the SPYRAL HTN OFF-MED study includes a 3- to 4-week drug washout period followed by a 3-month efficacy and safety end point in the absence of antihypertensive medications. The studies will randomize patients with combined systolic-diastolic hypertension to renal denervation or sham procedure. Both studies allow renal denervation treatments in renal artery branches and accessories. These studies will inform the design of the second pivotal phase of the program, which will more definitively analyze the antihypertensive effect of renal denervation.
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Pilcher G, Parchment OG, Hillier IH, Heatley F, Fletcher D, Ribeiro da Silva MAV, Ferrao MLCCH, Monte MJS, Fang J. Thermochemical and theoretical studies on cyclohexanediones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100103a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acree, WE, Powell JR, Tucker SA, Ribeiro da Silva MDMC, Matos MAR, Gonçalves JM, Santos LMNBF, Morais VMF, Pilcher G. Thermochemical and Theoretical Study of Some Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides and of Pyrazine 1,4-Dioxide. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo974016s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acree, WE, Powell JR, Tucker SA, Ribeiro da Silva MDMC, Matos MAR, Gonçalves JM, Santos LMNBF, Morais VMF, Pilcher G. Thermochemical and Theoretical Study of Some Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides and of Pyrazine 1,4-Dioxide. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo962149s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raal FJ, Pilcher G, Rubinsztein DC, Lingenhel A, Utermann G. Statin therapy in a kindred with both apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein receptor gene defects. Atherosclerosis 1997; 129:97-102. [PMID: 9069523 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(96)06007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied an extended family of similar genetic and environmental background to determine whether there is a difference in response to statin therapy in those subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH Afrikaner-1 (FH1) or FH Afrikaner-2 (FH2)) compared to those with familial defective apo B-100 (FDB), or both FH plus FDB. Fasting lipid profiles and Lp(a) levels were done on 18 members of the family and then repeated following 6 weeks of therapy with simvastatin 20 mg daily. Statin therapy reduced LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by 31% in those with FH (n = 7); 29.8% in FDB (n = 5) and 25.4% in those with both FDB and FH (n = 5). There was no response to statin therapy in the single subject with both FH1, FH2, as well as FDB. Lp(a) levels did not change significantly either within or between any of the groups following statin therapy (FH from 6.5 (1.2-72.3) to 5.3 (1.2-52.3), FDB from 6.1 (4.70-71) to 8.2 (5.7 79) and FDB plus FH from 4.5 (2.6-17.4) to 3.1 (1.9-24) mg/dl). Statins are equally effective in lowering LDL-C in related subjects with heterozygous FH, FDB or both FDB plus FH. The ability of statins to lower LDL-C in FDB is probably due to increased hepatic uptake of lipoprotein precursors of LDL that can bind via apo E receptors. Lp(a) concentration is not reduced by drugs that stimulate LDL receptor activity implying that LDL receptors do not contribute greatly to normal clearance of Lp(a) in hypercholesterolaemic subjects with defects in receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Raal
- Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Reiner JS, Lundergan CF, Fung A, Coyne K, Cho S, Israel N, Kazmierski J, Pilcher G, Smith J, Rohrbeck S, Thompson M, Van de Werf F, Ross AM. Evolution of early TIMI 2 flow after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-1 Angiographic Investigators. Circulation 1996; 94:2441-6. [PMID: 8921786 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.94.10.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with early Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 flow after thrombolysis appear to have outcomes similar to thrombolytic failures. To evaluate the origin and evolution of early TIMI 2 flow, we examined early and late angiographic and ventriculographic data from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO-1) angiographic study. METHODS AND RESULTS Of the 914 patients with both 90-minute and 5- to 7-day catheterizations, 278 patients had TIMI grade 2 flow at 90 minutes. At follow-up, 188 (67%) had improved to TIMI grade 3 flow. At 90 minutes, patients with TIMI grade 2 flow had greater infarct vessel narrowing and a significantly greater incidence of thrombus than patients with TIMI grade 3 flow. At the 5- to 7-day follow-up, patients whose flow had improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to grade 3 flow at follow-up had larger-caliber vessels (minimum luminal diameter, 0.99 +/- 0.47 versus 0.84 +/- 0.48 mm; P = .03) and a lower incidence of visible thrombus (26% versus 38%, P = .04) than those with persistent TIMI grade 2 flow. These patients also had a higher mean ejection fraction (57.5 +/- 14.1% versus 52.8 +/- 12.9%, P = .02) and better infarct zone wall motion (-2.1 +/- 1.5 versus -2.6 +/- 1.3 SD per chord, P = .01) at the 5- to 7-day follow-up. Patients in whom flow improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to TIMI grade 3 by 5 to 7 days had significantly better left ventricular function than patients with persistent TIMI grade 0, 1, or 2 flow and constituted a group whose left ventricular function was intermediate between those who had no reperfusion (TIMI grades 0 and 1) and those whose reperfusion was complete (TIMI grade 3). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that incomplete clot lysis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TIMI grade 2 flow. Furthermore, early TIMI grade 2 flow may be sufficient to provide prolonged myocyte viability, which will further recover if flow normalizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Reiner
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Marmion ME, Woulfe SR, Newmann WL, Pilcher G, Nosco DL. Synthesis and characterization of novel N3O3-Schiff base complexes of 99gTc, and in vivo imaging studies with analogous 99mTc complexes. Nucl Med Biol 1996; 23:567-84. [PMID: 8905821 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(96)00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen novel derivatives of 1,1,1-tris (salicylaldiminomethyl)ethane have been synthesized for the purpose of encapsulating 99mTc(IV) ions and generating new 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. Two methods for the preparation of the 99gTc(IV) analog complexes are presented; one utilizes SnCl2 reduction on 99gTcO4- and the other a direct substitution route starting with [99gTcCl6]2-. Free ligands (H3L) are characterized by melting points, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, TLC, and/or elemental analyses. [99gTcL]+ complexes are characterized by FAB-ms, UV-VIS, IR and/or CV. An X-ray structural analysis was performed on a crystal of [M(6,6'-[[2-[[((4-Methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene)-amino]methyl]-2-methyl- 1,3-propanediyl]bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]-bis-3-methoxyphenol )] tetraphenylborate, where M represents a 1/3 isomorphous mixture of 99gTc/Sn as determined by SEM. The metal coordination site is 6-coordinate, composed of N3O3 donor atoms, and intermediate between octahedral and trigonal prismatic geometry. The [99mTcL]+ complexes were prepared in a stannous environment; equivalence of the 99mTc and 99gTc complexes is demonstrated by HPLC techniques. The [SnL]+ complex was prepared for comparison purposes. An unusual ligand oxidation occurs for one series of ligands in which in situ amine-->imine conversion is observed during the complexation reaction in reducing media. Guinea pig, rat, dog, and human metabolism studies are reported for selected [99mTcL]+ complexes, the myocardial uptake of which approaches 2% of the injected dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Marmion
- Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63134, USA
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Rubinsztein DC, Raal FJ, Seftel HC, Pilcher G, Coetzee GA, van der Westhuyzen DR. Characterization of six patients who are double heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia and familial defective apo B-100. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13:1076-81. [PMID: 8318509 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.13.7.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are the common causes of monogenic primary hypercholesterolemia. An individual of mixed English and Afrikaner descent with both FDB and the FH Afrikaner-1 low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation was identified in our laboratory. Subsequent analysis of her extended family revealed the presence of heterozygotes for either FH Afrikaner-1, FH Afrikaner-2, or FDB as well as five additional double heterozygotes for FH Afrikaner-1 and FDB and one "complex" heterozygote with all three mutations. The hypercholesterolemic and clinical features of the pure FDB subjects were similar to those of the pure FH heterozygotes. The double heterozygotes with both FH and FDB have lipid levels and clinical features that are intermediate in severity between heterozygous and homozygous FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rubinsztein
- University of Cape Town Research Unit for the Cell Biology of Atherosclerosis, Department of Medical Biochemistry, UCT Medical School Observatory, South Africa
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Periasamy M, White D, deLearie L, Moore D, Wallace R, Lin W, Dunn J, Hirth W, Cacheris W, Pilcher G. The synthesis and screening of nonionic gadolinium (III) DTPA-bisamide complexes as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Invest Radiol 1991; 26 Suppl 1:S217-20; discussion S232-5. [PMID: 1667003 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199111001-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Periasamy
- Science & Technology Division, Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St. Louis, MO
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Mosavi-Movahedi AA, Jones MM, Pilcher G. Thermodynamics of the interaction of sodium-n-dodecyl sulphate with Aspergillus niger catalase in high ionic strength aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 1989; 11:26-8. [PMID: 2489055 DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(89)90035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters for the interaction between sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Aspergillus niger catalase in aqueous solution at pH 3.2 and 6.4 have been measured by microcalorimetry and equilibrium dialysis over a range of ionic strength from 0.05 to 0.2 at 25 degrees C. Binding isotherms have been interpreted in terms of theoretical models (Hill equation and Wyman binding potential). The Gibbs energies of interaction become increasingly negative with increase in ionic strength and the entropies of interaction become increasingly positive. The ionic strength dependence of the Gibbs energies are much greater than predicted by the Debye-Hückel limiting law indicating a strongly ionic strength dependent hydrophobic contribution to the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mosavi-Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Manchester, UK
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Mosavi-Movahedi A, Jones M, Pilcher G. Thermodynamics of the interaction of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate with Aspergillus niger catalase in low ionic strength aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(88)90014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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DePasquale EE, Nody AC, DePuey EG, Garcia EV, Pilcher G, Bredlau C, Roubin G, Gober A, Gruentzig A, D'Amato P. Quantitative rotational thallium-201 tomography for identifying and localizing coronary artery disease. Circulation 1988; 77:316-27. [PMID: 3257422 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.77.2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for quantifying the uptake, redistribution, and washout of thallium-201 (201Tl) obtained with rotational tomography. This method generates maximum count circumferential profiles of the short-axis slices of the left ventricle, translates them into polar coordinate profiles, and displays them as a bullseye plot, which consists of a series of concentric circles with the apex at the center and the base at the periphery. Normal limits were established for the distribution of 201Tl in 36 patients with a low (less than 5%) probability of coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-five patients who had undergone coronary angiography were used as a pilot group to define criteria for the identification and localization of perfusion defects. The best agreement with the results of angiography was found when abnormal regions of the bullseye were defined as contiguous defects over 2.5 SDs below normal. These criteria were applied prospectively to 210 points (179 points with greater than 50% diameter stenosis and 31 with less than 50%). Visual, quantitative, and combined visual and quantitative analysis were compared for overall detection of disease and for detection of individual vessel involvement. The overall sensitivity for detection of disease by these methods was 97%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. The specificities were 68%, 74%, and 71% respectively. The sensitivity for detection of individual vessel involvement with the bullseye alone was 78% for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 89% for the right coronary artery (RCA), and 65% for the left circumflex (LCx). For visual analysis, the results were 70%, 88%, and 50%, respectively, while the use of visual and quantitative analysis combined identified 75% of LAD, 87% of RCA, and 55% of LCx lesions. We conclude that quantitative analysis of rotational 201Tl tomographic images is a highly accurate technique for determining the presence and location of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E DePasquale
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
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Smith L, Bickerton J, Pilcher G, D'Souza SW. Creamatocrit, carbon content, and energy value of pooled banked human milk: implications for feeding preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 1985; 11:75-80. [PMID: 4040010 DOI: 10.1016/0378-3782(85)90121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is convenient to calculate milk energy from the creamatocrit but in order to assess the accuracy with which energy content can be predicted in this way, the creamatocrit, the percentage of carbon, and the calorie value of milk were determined in 11 samples of pooled pasteurised human milk. The calculated milk energy was compared with direct measurements of milk energy by static bomb calorimetry. The errors in calculation ranged from -5.6 kcal/100 ml to + 19.5 kcal/100 ml in milk samples whose measured energy was 34.5 to 63.1 kcal/100 ml. In 9 milk samples energy values were over-estimated by calculation and in the remaining 2 milk samples energy values were underestimated. The correlation between creamatocrit and measured energy value in pooled pasteurised milk was weaker than in previous studies using fresh milk. The percentage carbon was determined in our milk samples as a measure of their total organic constituents, and this appeared to be a more accurate predictor of milk energy than the predictive value of the creamatocrit which is only a measure of milk fat. In pooled pasteurised milk the relatively weak predictive value of the creamatocrit may be due to variations in the other constituents of milk apart from fat which provide energy, namely protein and lactose.
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Price C, Chan E, Pilcher G, Stubbersfield R. A calorimetric study of the enthalpy of micelle formation by a polystyrene-b-polyisoprene block copolymer in n-hexadecane. Eur Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(85)90095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pilcher G, Ware M, Pittam D. The thermodynamic properties of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten hexacarbonyls in the gaseous state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(75)90008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barnes D, Pilcher G, Pittam D, Skinner H, Todd D, Virmani Y. Thermochemistry of molybdenum hexacarbonyl and molybdenum triiodide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(74)90098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pittam DA, Pilcher G. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.—Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/f19726802224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fletcher RA, Pilcher G. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 7.—Chloromethane, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9716703191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pilcher G, Fletcher RA. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 5.—Dimethoxymethane, 1,1-dimethoxyethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9696502326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pell AS, Pilcher G. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 3.—Ethylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9656100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pilcher G, Pell AS, Coleman DJ. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 2.—Dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl n-propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9646000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pilcher G, Skinner HA, Pell AS, Pope AE. Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 1.—Diethyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether and divinyl ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9635900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pilcher G, Sutton LE. 531. The heats of combustion of quinol and p-benzoquinone and the thermodynamic quantities of the oxidation–reduction reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9560002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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