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Hoarau G, Haigh O, Vauloup-Fellous C, Boucher R, Rouquette A, Faure P, Limam L, Labetoulle M, Rousseau A. Diagnostic performance of real-time quantitative PCR in tear samples in various subtypes of herpes simplex keratitis. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0088523. [PMID: 38038483 PMCID: PMC10729708 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00885-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is mostly based on clinical findings, yet biological confirmation supports management of challenging cases. This study evaluated the place of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) on tear samplings in the management of HSK. Clinical records of patients who underwent tear sampling tested by RT-qPCR for herpes simplex virus type 1 for an acute episode of corneal inflammation or defect between January 2013 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and results were compared to clinical diagnosis (i.e., HSK or not) based on biomicroscopic findings and medical history. Of 465 tested tear samples from 364 patients, a clinical diagnosis of active (ongoing) HSK was recorded in 240 cases, among which 76 were RT-qPCR positive (global sensitivity of 31.6%, specificity of 99.5%). Sensitivity of RT-qPCR was higher in epithelial (97.4%) and stromal keratitis with ulceration (48.7%), compared to other types of HSK (23.5% in keratouveitis, 13.6% in endotheliitis, 11.1% in postherpetic neurotrophic keratopathy, and 8.1% in stromal keratitis without ulceration). The highest viral loads were detected from epithelial and stromal keratitis with ulceration, while in HSK with no epithelial involvement, the viral load detected was 196-fold lower, on average. The proportion of clinically characterized HSK patients with negative tear samples was higher in patients receiving antiviral treatment (P < 0.0001). RT-qPCR, performed on tear samples, can help in confirming diagnosis in case of presumed HSK, including clinical forms with no obvious epithelial involvement. The sensitivity of tear sampling is much higher whenever epithelial keratitis is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Hoarau
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, CRMR OPHTARA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Oscar Haigh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Rafaël Boucher
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, CRMR OPHTARA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Service d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Pascale Faure
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, CRMR OPHTARA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lamia Limam
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, CRMR OPHTARA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, CRMR OPHTARA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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2
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Zina SM, Hoarau G, Labetoulle M, Khairallah M, Rousseau A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1457. [PMID: 38133340 PMCID: PMC10747099 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by arthropods (mainly mosquitoes) that cause severe endemic infections and epidemics on a global scale. They represent a major cause of systemic morbidity and death and are expanding worldwide. Among this group, dengue fever, the West Nile virus, yellow fever, Japanese Encephalitis, and, recently, the Zika virus have been linked to a spectrum of ocular manifestations. These manifestations encompass subconjunctival hemorrhages and conjunctivitis, anterior and posterior uveitis (inclusive of vitritis, chorioretinitis, and retinal vasculitis), maculopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuritis. Clinical diagnosis of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Diagnosis confirmation relies on laboratory testing, including RT-PCR and serological testing. Ocular involvement typically follows a self-limited course but can result in irreversible visual impairment. Effective treatments of flavivirus infections are currently unavailable. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control. Effective vaccines are available only for the yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and Japanese Encephalitis virus. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge regarding the ophthalmic manifestations of the foremost flavivirus-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Meziou Zina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Commission (CEA), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Commission (CEA), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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3
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Hoarau G, Bourges JL. [Photorefractive keratectomy with bandage contact lens: Report of a postoperative infectious complication]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:e347-e349. [PMID: 37620195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Bicêtre-Paris-Saclay, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 78, avenue Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J-L Bourges
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, université Paris-Cité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Unité 1138, équipe 17, centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Paris, France.
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Bonnet PL, Hoffmann CV, Le Nan N, Bellamy L, Hoarau G, Flori P, Demar M, Argy N, Morio F, Le Gal S, Nevez G. Atovaquone exposure and Pneumocystis jirovecii cytochrome b mutations: French data and review of the literature. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad095. [PMID: 37656874 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a transmissible fungus responsible for severe pneumonia (Pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]) in immunocompromised patients. Missense mutations due to atovaquone selective pressure have been identified on cytochrome b (CYB) gene of P. jirovecii. It was recently shown that atovaquone prophylaxis can lead to the selection of specific P. jirovecii CYB mutants potentially resistant to atovaquone among organ transplant recipients. In this context, our objectives were to provide data on P. jirovecii CYB mutants and the putative selective pressure exerted by atovaquone on P. jirovecii organisms in France. A total of 123 patients (124 P. jirovecii specimens) from four metropolitan hospitals and two overseas hospitals were retrospectively enrolled. Fourteen patients had prior exposure to atovaquone, whereas 109 patients did not at the time of P. jirovecii detection. A 638 base-pair fragment of the CYB gene of P. jirovecii was amplified and sequenced. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Both missense mutations C431T (Ala144Val) and C823T (Leu275Phe), located at the Qo active site of the enzyme, were significantly associated with prior atovaquone exposure, these mutations being conversely incidental in the absence of prior atovaquone exposure (P < 0.001). Considering that the aforementioned hospitals may be representative of the national territory, these findings suggest that the overall presence of P. jirovecii CYB mutants remains low in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Bonnet
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29609 Brest, France
- Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit (FRI), University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Claire V Hoffmann
- Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit (FRI), University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Nathan Le Nan
- Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit (FRI), University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Lorenn Bellamy
- Clinical Data Center, Brest University Hospital, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Ophthalmology Department, OPHTARA Network, Bicêtre Paris Saclay University Hospital, AP-HP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre Flori
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents, Parasitology Section, GIMAP, Faculty of Medicine, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magalie Demar
- University Hospital Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Nicolas Argy
- IRD, MERIT, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29609 Brest, France
- Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit (FRI), University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29609 Brest, France
- Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit (FRI), University of Angers, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France
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Choo LQ, Spagliardi G, Malinsky M, Choquet M, Goetze E, Hoarau G, Peijnenburg KTCA. Genome-wide phylogeography reveals cryptic speciation in the circumglobal planktonic calcifier Limacina bulimoides. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 36943181 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about when and how planktonic species arise and persist in the open ocean without apparent dispersal barriers. Pteropods are planktonic snails with thin shells susceptible to dissolution that are used as bio-indicators of ocean acidification. However, distinct evolutionary units respond to acidification differently and defining species boundaries is therefore crucial for predicting the impact of changing ocean conditions. In this global population genomic study of the shelled pteropod Limacina bulimoides, we combined genetic (759,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and morphometric data from 161 individuals, revealing three major genetic lineages (FST = 0.29 to 0.41): an 'Atlantic lineage' sampled across the Atlantic, an 'Indo-Pacific lineage' sampled in the North Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a 'Pacific lineage' sampled in the North and South Pacific. A time-calibrated phylogeny suggests that the lineages diverged about one million years ago, with estimated effective population size remaining high (~10 million) throughout Pleistocene glacial cycles. We do not observe any signatures of recent hybridisation, even in areas of sympatry in the North Pacific. While the lineages are reproductively isolated, they are morphologically cryptic, with overlapping shell shape and shell colour distributions. Despite showing that the circumglobal L. bulimoides consists of multiple species with smaller ranges than initially thought, we found that these pteropods still possess high levels of genetic variability. Our study adds to the growing evidence that speciation is often overlooked in the open ocean, and suggests the presence of distinct biological species within many other currently defined circumglobal planktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Q Choo
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090, GE, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - G Spagliardi
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands
| | - M Malinsky
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Choquet
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - E Goetze
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - G Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - K T C A Peijnenburg
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1090, GE, the Netherlands
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6
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Hoarau G, Vauloup Fellous C, Haigh O, Labetoulle M, Rousseau A. [Monkeypox: Important facts for the ophthalmologist]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:185-193. [PMID: 36639339 PMCID: PMC9832348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak, raging since May 2022, is the largest ever observed on a world-wide scale. Despite previously being endemic in west and central Africa with a mortality rate of up to 10%, it remained a neglected tropical disease. Along with other recent pandemics gaining much attention, this MPXV outbreak has provided an opportunity to improve our understanding of its physiopathology and better define management strategies, particularly in patients with more serious disease. From the ophthalmologist's perspective, eyelid involvement and conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis are frequently observed and may precede systemic signs or even remain the major site of involvement. While the course of MPXV keratoconjunctivitis is most often favorable, severe cases pose a functional threat, in particular for immunocompromised patients. This review provides an overview of MPXV pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment, as well as considerations for prevention of transmission. During such an epidemic, the ophthalmologist can be the first to diagnose MPXV, treat the ocular involvement, and set up adequate preventative measures in collaboration with infectious disease specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hoarau
- Service d’ophtalmologie, réseau OPHTARA, CHU Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, université Paris Saclay, AP–HP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C. Vauloup Fellous
- Service de virologie, HU Paul Brousse Paris Saclay, université Paris Saclay, AP–HP, Villejuif, France,Département d’immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes, UMR1184, CEA Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - O. Haigh
- Département d’immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes, UMR1184, CEA Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - M. Labetoulle
- Service d’ophtalmologie, réseau OPHTARA, CHU Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, université Paris Saclay, AP–HP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,Département d’immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes, UMR1184, CEA Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - A. Rousseau
- Service d’ophtalmologie, réseau OPHTARA, CHU Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, université Paris Saclay, AP–HP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,Département d’immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes, UMR1184, CEA Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France,Auteur correspondant. Service d’ophtalmologie, CHU Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Hoarau G, Merabet L, Knoeri J, Georgeon C, Poirier P, Borderie V, Brignole-Baudouin F, Bouheraoua N. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis: Report of two imported cases. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e551-e554. [PMID: 34148704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - L Merabet
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J Knoeri
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - C Georgeon
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - P Poirier
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 3IHP, centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023, laboratoire Micro-organismes: génome et environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V Borderie
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - F Brignole-Baudouin
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - N Bouheraoua
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Inserm-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU ForeSight, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France.
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Le Gal S, Hoarau G, Bertolotti A, Negri S, Le Nan N, Bouchara JP, Papon N, Blanchet D, Demar M, Nevez G. Pneumocystis jirovecii Diversity in Réunion, an Overseas French Island in Indian Ocean. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32117149 PMCID: PMC7019000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on Pneumocystis jirovecii characteristics from the overseas French territories are still scarce whereas numerous data on P. jirovecii genotypes are available for metropolitan France. The main objective of the present study was to identify P. jirovecii multilocus genotypes in patients living in Réunion and to compare them with those identified using the same method in metropolitan France and in French Guiana. Archival P. jirovecii specimens from immunosuppressed patients, 16 living in Réunion (a French island of the Indian ocean), six living in French Guiana (a South-American French territory), and 24 living in Brest (Brittany, metropolitan France) were examined at the large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) genes, cytochrome b (CYB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes using PCR assays and direct sequencing. A total of 23 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) were identified combining mtLSUrRNA, CYB, and SOD alleles, i.e., six in Reunionese patients, three in Guianese patients, and 15 in Brest patients. Only one MLG (mtLSU1-CYB1-SOD2) was shared by Reunionese and Guianese patients (one patient from each region) whereas none of the 22 remaining MLG were shared by the 3 patient groups. A total of eight MLG were newly identified, three in Réunion and five in Brest. These results that were obtained through a retrospective investigation of a relatively low number of P. jirovecii specimens, provides original and first data on genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in Réunion island. The results suggest that P. jirovecii organisms from Réunion present specific characteristics compared to other P. jirovecii organisms from metropolitan France and French Guiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Le Gal
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France.,Laboratory of Mycology and Parasitology, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Department of Microbiology, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | | | - Steven Negri
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France
| | - Nathan Le Nan
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Laboratory of Mycology and Parasitology, Andrée Rosemon Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Equipe EA3593 - Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratory of Mycology and Parasitology, Andrée Rosemon Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Equipe EA3593 - Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP) EA 3142, Université d'Angers-Université de Brest, Angers, France.,Laboratory of Mycology and Parasitology, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
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9
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Hoarau G, Lemant J, Antok E, Gerardin P. Effect of antifungal exposure on the etiology of candidemia. Med Mal Infect 2019; 49:356. [PMID: 30871817 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Service de bactériologie-virologie-parasitologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Reunion.
| | - J Lemant
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, centre hospitalier universitaire de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Reunion
| | - E Antok
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, centre hospitalier universitaire de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Reunion
| | - P Gerardin
- Inserm centre d'investigation clinique (CIC1410), CHU de La Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion; Inserm 1187, IRD 249, université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, CHU de La Réunion, UM 134 PIMIT « processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical », CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion
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10
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Hoarau G, Albrieux M, Martin-Phipps T, Zitte-Zehler K, Borry L, Peytral J, Garcia-Hermoso D, Picot S. [Fungal keratitis: A 5-year monocentric retrospective study on Reunion Island]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:321-325. [PMID: 29681463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fungal keratitis is rare in France, but could be a severe sight-threatening condition. Here, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of fungal keratitis in Réunion Island. METHODS In a retrospective study, we analyzed 13 culture-proven keratitis episodes, occurred between January 2013 and July 2017 in the ophthalmology ward of a University Hospital, Saint-Pierre. Twelve isolates were genotyped and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed. RESULTS Corneal abrasion caused by vegetable matter was the main predisposing factor. Stromal infiltration was observed in 12 patients. Six patients did not response to medical treatment, requiring surgical care, including two enucleations surgery. Fusarium solani (n = 6) and Fusarium dimerum (n = 4) were the main fungal species involved in fungal keratitis. Clinical failures were more prevalent with F. solani infections. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations for Fusarium sp. were observed with voriconazole and amphotericin B. CONCLUSION In Reunion Island, the epidemiology of fungal keratitis is characterized by the predominance of Fusarium species, potentially involved in visual loss. This pattern is consistent with the epidemiology usually observed in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Service de bactériologie-virologie-parasitologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion.
| | - M Albrieux
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - T Martin-Phipps
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - K Zitte-Zehler
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - L Borry
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - J Peytral
- Pharmacie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
| | - D Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, unité de mycologie moléculaire, Centre national de référence mycoses invasives et antifongiques (CNRMA), URA3012, 75724 Paris, France
| | - S Picot
- Service de bactériologie-virologie-parasitologie, CHU de La Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion
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Le Gac G, Allyn J, Coolen-Allou N, Lagrange-Xelot M, Fernandez C, Allou N, Hoarau G. [Hepatic mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus: A case report]. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:504-507. [PMID: 28919389 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Le Gac
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - J Allyn
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - N Coolen-Allou
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - M Lagrange-Xelot
- Unité des maladies infectieuses, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - C Fernandez
- Service d'anatomopathologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - N Allou
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, centre hospitalier universitaire Félix-Guyon, allée des Topazes, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - G Hoarau
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, virologie, parasitologie, CHU de Réunion, BP350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion.
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Hoarau G, Mukherjee P, Gower-Rousseau C, Hager C, Chandra J, Retuerto M, Neut C, Vermeire S, Clemente J, Colombel JF, Fujioka H, Poulain D, Ghannoum M, Sendid B. Interactions entre le microbiote fongique et bactérien intestinal au cours des formes familiales de maladie de Crohn. J Mycol Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Le Gal S, Hoarau G, Virmaux M, Pougnet L, Poubeau P, Picot S, Nevez G. Diversité génotypique de Pneumocystis jirovecii à la Réunion. J Mycol Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Gauthier A, Jaubert J, Traversier N, Lemant J, Balu L, Garcia-Hermoso D, Welti S, Favel A, Picot S, Hoarau G. Trametes polyzona, un macromycète « émergent » à l’île de la Réunion. J Mycol Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Hoarau G, Le Gal S, Zunic P, Poubeau P, Antok E, Jaubert J, Nevez G, Picot S. Evaluation of quantitative FTD-Pneumocystis jirovecii kit for Pneumocystis infection diagnosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 89:212-217. [PMID: 28851493 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the Fast track Diagnostics (FTD) Pneumocystis PCR kit, targeting the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (mtLSU rRNA) of Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii). A hundred and thirty-three patients were prospectively enrolled. Respiratory specimens were examined using both microscopy and the PCR assay. Twenty-six patients led to P. jirovecii detection. Fourteen patients presented with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) whereas 12 patients were considered to be colonized. The median copy numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly different in the PCP and colonization groups (1.35×108/ml vs. 1.45×105/ml, P < 0.0001). Lower and upper cut-off values of 3.9×105 copies/ml and 3.2×106 copies/ml allowed differentiating PCP and colonization. The FTD P. jirovecii assay was secondarily compared to an in-house reference PCR assay targeting the mtLSUrRNA gene. A concordance rate of 97.5% was observed (Cohen's kappa coefficient κ=0.935). The FTD Pneumocystis PCR kit showed good performance and represents an alternative method to diagnose P. jirovecii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Hoarau
- Department of Microbiology, CHU La Reunion, St Pierre, France; UMR PIMIT « processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical », Inserm 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, université de La Réunion, CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion.
| | | | - Patricia Zunic
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CHU La Reunion, St Pierre, France
| | - Patrice Poubeau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU La Reunion, St Pierre, France
| | | | - Julien Jaubert
- Department of Microbiology, CHU La Reunion, St Pierre, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- University of Brest, GEIHP EA, 3142, Brest, France
| | - Sandrine Picot
- Department of Microbiology, CHU La Reunion, St Pierre, France
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Bonnefond S, Foucher A, Zunic P, Hoarau G, Magnaval JF. Atypical presentation of hepatic visceral larva migrans mimicking cancer and associated with ADAMTS13 deficiency-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy: A first report from Reunion Island. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005617. [PMID: 28727752 PMCID: PMC5518999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bonnefond
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Aurélie Foucher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Patricia Zunic
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Reunion Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Department of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Reunion Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
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Sutera V, Hoarau G, Renesto P, Caspar Y, Maurin M. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of fluoroquinolone resistance associated with DNA gyrase mutations in Francisella tularensis, including in tularaemia patients with treatment failure. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:377-383. [PMID: 28689870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are highly effective for treating tularaemia, a zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis, but failures and relapses remain common in patients with treatment delay or immunocompromised status. FQ-resistant strains of F. tularensis harboring mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and gyrB, the genes encoding subunits A and B of DNA gyrase, have been selected in vitro. Such mutants have never been isolated from humans as this microorganism is difficult to culture. In this study, the presence of FQ-resistant mutants of F. tularensis was assessed in tularaemia patients using combined culture- and PCR-based approaches. We analyzed 42 F. tularensis strains and 82 tissue samples collected from 104 tularaemia cases, including 32 (30.7%) with FQ treatment failure or relapse. Forty F. tularensis strains and 55 clinical samples were obtained before any FQ treatment, while 2 strains and 15 tissue samples were collected after treatment. FQ resistance was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacterial strains, and by newly developed PCR-based methods targeting the gyrA and gyrB QRDRs for both the bacterial strains and the clinical samples. None of the F. tularensis strains displayed an increased MIC compared with FQ-susceptible controls. Neither gyrA nor gyrB QRDR mutation was found in bacterial strains and tissue samples tested, including those from patients with FQ treatment failure or relapse. Further phenotypic and genetic resistance traits should be explored to explain the poor clinical response to FQ treatment in such tularaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sutera
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 10170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - G Hoarau
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 10170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - P Renesto
- Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 10170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Y Caspar
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 10170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - M Maurin
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 10170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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Hoarau G, Gaüzère BA, Renard H, Aubry P. HTLV-1 infection in Reunion. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:349-351. [PMID: 28651832 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although regularly looked for in blood donors, HTLV infections are very rare in Reunion. We aimed to describe HTLV infections locally. PATIENTS AND METHODS HTLV infections were identified from the database of the Reunion University Hospital administrative database (PMSI) between 2000 and 2016. Diagnosis was performed with HTLV 1/2 enzyme immunoassay test and confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS We reported three asymptomatic and four symptomatic HTLV infections, including two tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathies (TSP/HAM) and two adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. CONCLUSION Reunion is a low HTLV prevalence area, which could be explained by its settlement history. The present report underlines the local circulation of HTLV and symptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Service de microbiologie, CHU de la Réunion, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Reunion.
| | - B A Gaüzère
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, CHU de la Réunion, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Reunion; Centre René-Labusquière, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - H Renard
- Établissement français du sang, 97475 St-Denis, Reunion
| | - P Aubry
- Centre René-Labusquière, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Gauthier A, Jaubert J, Traversier N, Lemant J, Balu L, Garcia-Hermoso D, Welti S, Favel A, Picot S, Hoarau G. Trametes polyzona, an emerging filamentous basidiomycete in Réunion Island. Mycoses 2017; 60:412-415. [PMID: 28205355 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe two serious Trametes polyzona pulmonary infections, which occurred in Réunion Island, in critically ill patients. The identification was performed using sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and D1/D2 region of 28S rDNA. In one case, the significance of T. polyzona in the pathological process was certain, proven by histopathological evidence of fungal lung infection. T. polyzona, an emerging filamentous basidiomycete, prevalent in tropical areas, has not been described so far in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Jaubert
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Réunion, St Pierre, France
| | | | - Jérôme Lemant
- Service de Reanimation Polyvalente, CHU Réunion, St Pierre, France
| | - Laurent Balu
- Service de Reanimation Pédiatrique, CHU Réunion, St Denis, France
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA3012, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Welti
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Anne Favel
- CIRM-INRA, UMR 1163 BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Picot
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Réunion, St Pierre, France
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Réunion, St Pierre, France
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandrine Picot
- Department of Microbiology CHU Reunion Saint Pierre, Reunion Island, France
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21
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Hoarau G, MukherjeePranab, Gower-Rousseau C, Colombel JF, Poulain D, Ghannoum M, Sendid B. Diminution de la diversité du microbiote fongique fécal dans les formes familiales de maladie de Crohn révélée par une approche métagénomique haut débit. J Mycol Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Hoarau G, Coyer JA, Giesbers MCWG, Jueterbock A, Olsen JL. Pre-zygotic isolation in the macroalgal genus Fucus from four contact zones spanning 100-10 000 years: a tale of reinforcement? R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:140538. [PMID: 26064608 PMCID: PMC4448814 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zones provide an ideal natural experiment to study the selective forces driving evolution of reproductive barriers and speciation. If hybrid offspring are less fit than the parental species, pre-zygotic isolating barriers can evolve and strengthen in response to selection against the hybrids (reinforcement). Four contact zones between the intertidal macroalgae Fucus serratus (Fs) and Fucus distichus (Fd), characterized by varying times of sympatry and order of species introduction provide an opportunity to investigate reinforcement. We examined patterns of hybridization and reproductive isolation between Fs and Fd in: (i) northern Norway (consisting of two natural sites, 10 000 years old), (ii) the Kattegat near Denmark (Fd introduced, nineteenth century) and (iii) Iceland (Fs introduced, nineteenth century). Using 10 microsatellites and chloroplast DNA, we showed that hybridization and introgression decreased with increasing duration of sympatry. The two younger contact zones revealed 13 and 24% hybrids and several F 1 individuals, in contrast to the older contact zone with 2-3% hybrids and an absence of F 1s. Cross-fertilization experiments revealed that the reduction in hybridization in the oldest zone is consistent with increased gametic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hoarau
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway
| | - J. A. Coyer
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, Cornell University, 400 Little Harbor Road, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | - M. C. W. G. Giesbers
- Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jueterbock
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway
| | - J. L. Olsen
- Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Smolina I, Kollias S, Poortvliet M, Nielsen TG, Lindeque P, Castellani C, Møller EF, Blanco-Bercial L, Hoarau G. Genome- and transcriptome-assisted development of nuclear insertion/deletion markers for Calanus species (Copepoda: Calanoida) identification. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:1072-9. [PMID: 24612683 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copepods of the genus Calanus are key zooplankton species in temperate to arctic marine ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, species identification remains challenging. Furthermore, the recent report of hybrids among Calanus species highlights the need for diagnostic nuclear markers to efficiently identify parental species and hybrids. Using next-generation sequencing analysis of both the genome and transcriptome from two sibling species, Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis, we developed a panel of 12 nuclear insertion/deletion markers. All the markers showed species-specific amplicon length. Furthermore, most of the markers were successfully amplified in other Calanus species, allowing the molecular identification of Calanus helgolandicus, Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus marshallae.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Smolina
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049, Bodø, Norway
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Coyer JA, Hoarau G, Kuo J, Tronholm A, Veldsink J, Olsen JL. Phylogeny and temporal divergence of the seagrass family Zosteraceae using one nuclear and three chloroplast loci. SYST BIODIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2013.821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hoarau G, Colombel JF, Poulain D, Sendid B. Implication de la flore fongique intestinale dans le développement de la maladie de Crohn. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:691-3. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013298004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hoarau G. [Physiopathology of chronic arthritis following chikungunya infection in man]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:111-112. [PMID: 22693943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article relates the problems initially encountered by an elected official of the French Republic in drawing the attention of authorities to the ravages of the chikungunya epidemic that occurred on Reunion Island in 2005-2006. Due to inadequate medical knowledge, the benign reputation of the disease, and slow reaction of authorities, the virus affected more than one third of the population. A great deal of further study will be needed to understand this public health crisis and to transform the lessons learned into a decisive breakthrough that will doubtless be of equal benefit for mainland France.
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Coyer JA, Hoarau G, Pearson G, Mota C, Jüterbock A, Alpermann T, John U, Olsen JL. Genomic scans detect signatures of selection along a salinity gradient in populations of the intertidal seaweed Fucus serratus on a 12 km scale. Mar Genomics 2011; 4:41-9. [PMID: 21429464 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting natural selection in wild populations is a central challenge in evolutionary biology and genomic scans are an important means of detecting allele frequencies that deviate from neutral expectations among marker loci. We used nine anonymous and 15 EST-linked microsatellites, 362 AFLP loci, and several neutrality tests, to identify outlier loci when comparing four populations of the seaweed Fucus serratus spaced along a 12km intertidal shore with a steep salinity gradient. Under criteria of at least two significant tests in at least two population pairs, three EST-derived and three anonymous loci revealed putative signatures of selection. Anonymous locus FsB113 was a consistent outlier when comparing least saline to fully marine sites. Locus F37 was an outlier when comparing the least saline to more saline areas, and was annotated as a polyol transporter/putative mannitol transporter - an important sugar-alcohol associated with osmoregulation by brown algae. The remaining loci could not be annotated using six different data bases. Exclusion of microsatellite outlier loci did not change either the degree or direction of differentiation among populations. In one outlier test, the number of AFLP outlier loci increased as the salinity differences between population pairs increased (up to 14); only four outliers were detected with the second test and only one was consistent with both tests. Consistency may be improved with a much more rigorous approach to replication and/or may be dependent upon the class of marker used.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Center for Life Sciences, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Coyer JA, Hoarau G, Costa JF, Hogerdijk B, Serrão EA, Billard E, Valero M, Pearson GA, Olsen JL. Evolution and diversification within the intertidal brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis/F. vesiculosus species complex in the North Atlantic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 58:283-96. [PMID: 21111835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined 733 individuals of Fucusspiralis from 21 locations and 1093 Fucusvesiculosus individuals from 37 locations throughout their northern hemisphere ranges using nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Three genetic entities of F. spiralis were recovered. In northern and sympatric populations, the presence of "F. spiralis Low" in the mid-intertidal and "F. spiralis High" in the high-intertidal was confirmed and both co-occurred with the sister species F. vesiculosus. The third and newly-discovered entity, "F. spiralis South", was present mainly in the southern range, where it did not co-occur with F. vesiculosus. The South entity diverged early in allopatry, then hybridized with F. vesiculosus in sympatry to produce F. spiralis Low. Ongoing parallel evolution of F. spiralis Low and F. spiralis High is most likely due to habitat preference/local selection and maintained by preferentially selfing reproductive strategies. Contemporary populations of F. spiralis throughout the North Atlantic stem from a glacial refugium around Brittany involving F. spiralis High; F. spiralis South was probably unaffected by glacial episodes. Exponential population expansion for F. vesiculosus began during the Cromer and/Holstein interglacial period (300,000-200,000 yrs BP). Following the last glacial maximum (30,000-22,000 yrs BP), a single mtDNA haplotype from a glacial refugium in SW Ireland colonized Scandinavia, the Central Atlantic islands, and the W Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Centre for Life Sciences, AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Haydar D, Hoarau G, Olsen JL, Stam WT, Wolff WJ. Introduced or glacial relict? Phylogeography of the cryptogenic tunicate Molgula manhattensis (Ascidiacea, Pleurogona). DIVERS DISTRIB 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Coyer JA, Hoarau G, Beszteri B, Pearson G, Olsen JL. Expressed sequence tag-derived polymorphic SSR markers for Fucus serratus and amplification in other species of Fucus. Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 9:168-70. [PMID: 21564592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The seaweed genus Fucus is a dominant component of intertidal shores throughout the North Atlantic and North Pacific and has been the focus of considerable developmental, ecological, and evolutionary research for the past century. Here, we present details of 21 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers (microsatellites). All 21 were polymorphic for F. serratus, which also display considerable cross-reactivity with the sister species F. distichus (18) and the more distantly related F. vesiculosus (13), and F. spiralis (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Biological Centre, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany, CCMAR-CIMAR, F.C.M.A., University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Abstract
The introduced Fucus evanescens (hermaphroditic) and the native F. serratus (dioecious) have been in secondary contact along the Danish coast of the Kattegat Sea for 60-100 years and dioecious hybrids have been observed at Blushøj for several years. Hybridization in Fucus is unusual because it appears to always involve a hermaphroditic and a dioecious parental pair. We determined the degree and spatial patterns of introgression for 286 individuals using 10 microsatellite loci and cpDNA. Hybrids accounted for nearly 13% of the population, yet parental species were well differentiated (F(ST) = 0.633). The presence of F. evanescens chloroplasts in 100% of F(1) hybrids revealed asymmetrical hybridization. Fucus evanescens cpDNA was observed in 50% of introgressed and 5.4% of pure F. serratus, but no F. serratus cpDNA was found in F. evanescens. In contrast, nuclear DNA introgression was symmetrical with an equal amount ( approximately 1.5%) of genes introgressed into each parental species. Survivorship and viability data suggest selection against hybrids in the hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Grivard P, Le Roux K, Laurent P, Fianu A, Perrau J, Gigan J, Hoarau G, Grondin N, Staikowsky F, Favier F, Michault A. Molecular and serological diagnosis of Chikungunya virus infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:490-4. [PMID: 17920211 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2005-2006, during the Chikungunya virus outbreak in La Réunion (Indian Ocean), we urgently established the molecular and serological methods for the diagnosis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from various types of samples. METHODS CHIKV RNA was detected using a highly sensitive real-time RT PCR assay. A co-extracted and co-amplified internal control RNA was used to identify RT PCR inhibitors. Depending on their nature samples were pretreated before nucleic acid extraction. Viral loads were measured using a synthetic RNA calibrator. CHIKV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M antibodies were detected by ELISA either from sera or from blood absorbed on filter paper. RESULTS CHIKV RNA was found in various types of samples such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and placenta, but was not found in some samples including maternal milk and synovial samples. Detection of IgG from filter paper absorbed blood is specific and sensitive. Routine data showed that maternally transferred IgG and naturally acquired IgM persist at least 12 and 18 months, respectively. DISCUSSION The techniques enabled the diagnosis of chikungunya in known and newly described forms of the disease. They are used for routine diagnosis and large scale surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grivard
- Service de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie et d'Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud-Réunion, BP 350, 97448, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion
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Abstract
The last glacial maximum (20,000-18,000 years ago) dramatically affected extant distributions of virtually all northern European biota. Locations of refugia and postglacial recolonization pathways were examined in Fucus serratus (Heterokontophyta; Fucaceae) using a highly variable intergenic spacer developed from the complete mitochondrial genome of Fucus vesiculosus. Over 1,500 samples from the entire range of F. serratus were analysed using fluorescent single strand conformation polymorphism. A total of 28 mtDNA haplotypes was identified and sequenced. Three refugia were recognized based on high haplotype diversities and the presence of endemic haplotypes: southwest Ireland, the northern Brittany-Hurd Deep area of the English Channel, and the northwest Iberian Peninsula. The Irish refugium was the source for a recolonization sweep involving a single haplotype via northern Scotland and throughout Scandinavia, whereas recolonization from the Brittany-Hurd Deep refugium was more limited, probably because of unsuitable soft-bottom habitat in the Bay of Biscay and along the Belgian and Dutch coasts. The Iberian populations reflect a remnant refugium at the present-day southern boundary of the species range. A generalized skyline plot suggested exponential population expansion beginning in the mid-Pleistocene with maximal growth during the Eems interglacial 128,000-67,000 years ago, implying that the last glacial maximum mainly shaped population distributions rather than demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Coyer JA, Hoarau G, Stam WT, Olsen JL. Geographically specific heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA in the seaweed, Fucus serratus (Heterokontophyta: Phaeophyceae, Fucales). Mol Ecol 2004; 13:1323-6. [PMID: 15078467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of more than one type of mitochondrial DNA within the same organism (mtDNA heteroplasmy) has been reported in vertebrates, invertebrates, basidiomycetes and some angiosperms, but never in marine (macro)algae. We examined sequence differences in a 135-base pair (bp) region of the nad11 gene in mitochondria of the intertidal rockweed, Fucus serratus, using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Each of 70 and 22 individuals from Blushøj (Denmark) and Oskarshamn (Sweden), respectively, displayed haplotypes 2, 3, and 4 (= mtDNA heteroplasmy), whereas only haplotype 2 was found in each of 24 individuals from locations in Spain, France, Ireland, Iceland and Norway. As Blushøj and Oskarshamn were among the last areas to emerge from ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum (18000-20000 years BP), the geographically specific heteroplasmy may represent a founder effect and therefore, a valuable marker for understanding the role of post-Ice Age recolonization. Geographically specific heteroplasmy also has important implications in phylogeographical studies based on mtDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Coyer JA, Peters AF, Hoarau G, Stam WT, Olsen JL. Hybridization of the marine seaweeds, Fucus serratus and Fucus evanescens (Heterokontophyta: Phaeophyceae) in a 100-year-old zone of secondary contact. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:1829-34. [PMID: 12350271 PMCID: PMC1691099 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the intertidal seaweeds Fucus serratus (Fs) and Fucus evanescens (Fe) were sympatric only along the western coast of Norway. In the mid-1890s, Fe (monoecious) was accidentally introduced into the Oslofjord. Putative hybridization with the endemic Fs (dioecious) was observed in Oslofjord by 1977 and in the Kattegat and western Baltic Seas by 1998. At Blushøj, Denmark (Kattegat Sea) putative Fs x Fe hybrids were present only when densities of Fe and Fs exceeded 14 and 2 m(-2), respectively. All of the 58 putative hybrids that were collected in 1999 were dioecious and intermediate in morphology. Essentially all (57 out of 58) were reproductively mature, but the oogonia possessed fewer and more variably sized eggs than either parent. Examination of each parental species and putative hybrids with nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast molecular markers confirmed the occurrence of hybridization. Furthermore, all of the hybrids possessed Fe-type chloroplasts and mitochondria, indicating that only the Fe egg x Fs sperm pairing was successful in the field. The reciprocal cross of Fs egg x Fe sperm was absent in the field and significantly less successful in laboratory crossings. Asymmetrical hybridization has also been reported for several species of plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coyer
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre of Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Hoarau G, Rijnsdorp AD, Van der Veer HW, Stam WT, Olsen JL. Population structure of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in northern Europe: microsatellites revealed large-scale spatial and temporal homogeneity. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:1165-76. [PMID: 12074724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Philopatry to spawning grounds combined with well-known migratory patterns in the flatfish Pleuronectes platessa (plaice) has led to the hypothesis that regional populations may reflect relatively discrete, genetic stocks. Using six microsatellite loci we genotyped 240 adult individuals collected from locations in Norway, the Faeroe plateau, the Irish Sea, the Femer Baelt, Denmark, and the southern North Sea, and 240 0-class juveniles collected from five nursery-ground locations in Iceland, northwest Scotland, two sites in the Wadden Sea, and the Bay of Vilaine in Southern Brittany. The mean number of alleles/locus ranged from 5.3 to 20.4, with a mean of 13.9. Expected heterozygosity was uniformly high across all locations (multilocus H(exp)= 0.744 +/- 0.02). Pairwise comparisons of theta; among all 11 locations revealed significant differentiation between Iceland and all other locations (theta = 0.0290*** to 0.0456***), which is consistent with the deep-water barrier to dispersal in plaice. In contrast, no significant differentiation was found among any of the remaining continental-shelf sampling locations. This suggests that regional stocks are themselves composed of several genetic stocks under a model of panmixia which persists even to the spawning grounds. The presence of significant heterozygote deficiencies at all locations (not due to null alleles) suggests a temporal Wahlund effect yet the absence of significant population differentiation among continental shelf localities makes this explanation alone, difficult to reconcile. Sampling of eggs at the spawning grounds will be required to resolve this issue. Causes of the mismatch between genetic and geographical stocks is discussed in the context of high gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- Department of Marine Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Molecular markers allow insights into the population biology and ecology of deep-sea organisms, which are usually hardly accessible to direct observation and poorly known. Such a study was undertaken here for the deep-sea fish Beryx splendens, a species of growing interest to fisheries. B. splendens populations were sampled on seamounts and continental margins in the southwestern Pacific (New Caledonia, New Zealand, southeastern Australia) and in the northeastern Atlantic. Two hundred and fifty individuals were characterised by their single-strand DNA conformation (SSCP) of a approximately 360-base-pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two major SSCP haplotypes were observed in New Caledonia, a and w, whose frequencies were negatively correlated along a north-to-south cline. All SSCP haplotypes in the total sample were sequenced on 273 bp. The phylogenetic tree of B. splendens haplotype sequences, rooted by two B. decadactylus sequences, showed that a and w belong to distinct mitochondrial clades, A and W, which are separated by approximately 4-6% nucleotide divergence. Thirty individuals from New Caledonia were characterised by their DNA fingerprint from arbitrary-primed PCR. The distribution of individual-pairwise similarity indices was strongly bimodal. The larger similarity values all corresponded to comparisons within a clade (A or W) while the lower values were all between clades. Therefore, there was a strict association between the mitochondrial type and the DNA (presumably, nuclear DNA) fingerprint of an individual. Altogether, these results point to the existence of two biological species (sp. A and sp. W) within the current taxon B. splendens. No within-species differentiation was detected at the regional scale (New Caledonia). A remarkable result is that the three cytochrome b haplotypes of northeastern Atlantic B. cf. splendens sp. A were also the three commonest in the southwestern Pacific populations of this species. Such a level of homogeneity in the distribution of haplotypes suggests there is, or recently has been, gene flow at the inter-oceanic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoarau
- IRD and Laboratoire Génome populations interactions, Station méditerranéenne de l'environnement littoral, Sète, France
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Roux H, Bonnefoy-Cudraz M, Coste J, Berard PV, Mouillac-Gambarelli M, Denoyer-Noel G, Hervé-Fey B, Mercier P, Hoarau G, Garnier J. [Iritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis and HLA B27]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1983; 50:783-5. [PMID: 6607504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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