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Griffith GM, Saville CWN, Halstead EJ, Hastings RP. Mindfulness as a Potential Moderator Between Child Behavior Problems and Maternal Well-Being. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2023; 128:411-424. [PMID: 37875273 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based programs can help lower psychological distress among parents of children with developmental disabilities. However, less is known about the functions of mindfulness in relation to parental outcomes. In a cross-sectional survey, mothers of children with developmental disabilities (N = 313) reported on their child's behavior problems, trait mindfulness, mindful parenting, and a range of outcomes (anxiety and depression symptoms, parenting stress, family satisfaction, and positive gain). Neither trait mindfulness or mindful parenting acted as moderators between child behavior problems and outcome variables, although both had main effect (compensatory) associations with parent outcomes. Benefits of mindfulness-based programs may be general rather than specifically in the context of high child behavior problems, given the lack of evidence for the moderating function of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Griffith
- Gemma M. Griffith, Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, UK
| | | | | | - Richard P Hastings
- Richard P. Hastings, Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, Warwick University, UK
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) have an established, growing evidence base as interventions to optimise health, well-being and performance of individual participants. Emerging evidence suggests that MBPs also enhance prosociality, encouraging individuals to contribute to positive social change. This study focuses on the potential of MBPs to facilitate development of participants' inner resources that support prosocial shifts. The review seeks to detect shifts in MBP benefit from individual toward 'bigger than self', informing and empowering individual and collective responses to complex societal and global issues. The review aims to map current literature on MBPs and social change, into a descriptive overview with commentary on quality, trends, theoretical models and gaps, and on how training in MBPs potentially enables individual and collective responses to societal and global issues. Recommendations for future directions for researchers seeking to advance this evidence base, and practitioners developing innovative MBPs for this purpose will be provided. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature will be undertaken and reported on according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance. Systematic searches of four scientific databases will be undertaken to identify potentially eligible articles published from all time to current date. Data will be extracted using an extraction template and analysed descriptively using narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This scoping review involves no human participants, so ethics is not required. Findings will be shared through professional networks, conference presentations and journal publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert John Callen-Davies
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Human and Behavioural Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Primary Care Mental Health Support Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - Jamie Bristow
- The MIndfulness Intiative, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Taranah Gazder
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Human and Behavioural Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Gemma M Griffith
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Human and Behavioural Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Susan Crane
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Human and Behavioural Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Griffith GM, Crane RS, Baer R, Fernandez E, Giommi F, Herbette G, Koerbel L. Implementing the Mindfulness-Based Interventions; Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) in Mindfulness-Based Teacher Training. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:2164956121998340. [PMID: 33717659 PMCID: PMC7922609 DOI: 10.1177/2164956121998340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) was originally developed as a tool to assess the teaching competence of mindfulness-based program (MBP) teachers. The tool was made freely available and has since been used by mindfulness-based teacher training organisations internationally. During this time the MBI:TAC has evolved in its usage, from an assessment tool to one which informally supports how MBP teachers are trained. In this article, we first examine the rationale for implementing the MBI:TAC in MBP teacher training; second, we offer practical guidance on ways of integrating the tool into teacher training pathways with awareness of its potential and possible pitfalls; and third, we offer guidance on using the tool as a framework for giving effective feedback to trainees on their teaching practice. Implementing the MBI:TAC in teacher training may support the quality and integrity of MBP teacher training, and thus ensure high quality MBP teachers graduating. In turn this may help avoid the 'implementation cliff' - that is, the quality of an intervention delivery is delivered in optimal conditions when it is being researched, and drops in quality when delivered in sub-optimal, 'real world' conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- GM Griffith
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Psychology, Bangor
University, Bangor, UK
| | - RS Crane
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, School of Psychology, Bangor
University, Bangor, UK
| | - R Baer
- Oxford Mindfulness Centre, Oxford University, UK
| | | | - F Giommi
- Nous-School of Specialization (PsyD) in Cognitive Psychotherapy
Mindfulness Oriented, Milano, Italy
| | | | - L Koerbel
- Mindfulness Centre, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Evans A, Griffith GM, Crane RS, Sansom SA. Using the Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) in Supervision. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:2164956121989949. [PMID: 33614255 PMCID: PMC7868458 DOI: 10.1177/2164956121989949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) is a useful framework for supporting teacher development in the context of mindfulness-based supervision (MBS). It offers a framework that enhances clarity, develops reflexive practice, gives a structure for feedback, and supports learning. MBS is a key component of Mindfulness-Based Program (MBP) teacher training and ongoing good practice. Integrating the MBI:TAC within the MBS process adds value in a number of ways including: offering a shared language around MBP teaching skills and processes; framing the core pedagogical features of MBP teaching; enabling assessment of developmental stage; and empowering supervisees to be proactive in their own development. The paper lays out principles for integrating the MBI:TAC framework into MBS. The supervisor needs awareness of the ways in which the tool can add value, and the ways it can inadvertently interrupt learning. The tool enables skills clarification, but the learning process needs to remain open to spontaneous experiential discovery; it can enable structured feedback but space is also needed for open reflective feedback; and it can enable conceptual engagement with the teaching process but space is needed for the supervisee to experientially sense the teaching process. The tool needs to be introduced in a carefully staged way to create optimal conditions for learning at the various stages of the MBP teacher-training journey. Practical guidance is presented to consolidate and develop current practice. The principles and processes discussed can be generalized to other forms of reflective dialogue such as mentoring, tutoring and peer reflection groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Evans
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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S Crane R, Hecht FM, Brewer J, Griffith GM, Hartogensis W, Koerbel L, Moran P, Sansom S, Yiangou A, Kuyken W. Can We Agree What Skilled Mindfulness-Based Teaching Looks Like? Lessons From Studying the MBI:TAC. Glob Adv Health Med 2020; 9:2164956120964733. [PMID: 33110709 PMCID: PMC7557684 DOI: 10.1177/2164956120964733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) is a widely used tool for assessing fidelity in mindfulness-based program (MBP) research and training. It also supports MBP teacher reflective and skill development. MBI:TAC assessors review MBP teaching and rate the teaching on 6 domains. The MBI:TAC yields individual domain and overall scores, using 6 levels of competence. Although the MBI:TAC is widely used in MBP research and training, research is at an early stage. Objective We developed and tested a method of training MBI:TAC assessors to use the tool reliably and examined interrater reliability of the tool. Methods A total of 31 international senior MBP teachers were recruited to join an online training to build their skills in using the MBI:TAC. The training systematically and iteratively built familiarity and skills in assessing the 6 MBI:TAC domains. Qualitative and quantitative data on trainee’s experience of the training were gathered. Interrater reliability in using the tool was tested each week of the training. At the end of the training, interrater reliability was tested by asking trainees to individually assess videos that they had not previously seen. Their ratings were compared to benchmark assessments, which had been established via consensus agreement between 4 expert users of the MBI:TAC. Results The training was well received and appreciated, with some challenges experienced in applying the assessment methodology. Participants’ ratings became progressively more in line with one another and the benchmark ratings during the training. At the end, interrater reliability was high (ranging from 0.67 to 1.0). Conclusion It is possible for senior MBP trainers, coming from different regions in the world, to align toward common understandings of the elements of MBP teaching competence and program integrity. An assessor training methodology was tested, and the learning from this project has led to refinements for future delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Crane
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Judson Brewer
- Center for Mindfulness, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gemma M Griffith
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lynn Koerbel
- Center for Mindfulness, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Patricia Moran
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sophie Sansom
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Alison Yiangou
- Oxford Mindfulness Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Oxford Mindfulness Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Clapton NE, Williams J, Griffith GM, Jones RS. 'Finding the person you really are … on the inside': Compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil 2018; 22:135-153. [PMID: 28105897 DOI: 10.1177/1744629516688581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized a mixed methods approach to examine the feasibility and acceptability of group compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities (CFT-ID). Six participants with mild ID participated in six sessions of group CFT, specifically adapted for adults with ID. Session-by-session feasibility and acceptability measures suggested that participants understood the group content and process and experienced group sessions and experiential practices as helpful and enjoyable. Thematic analysis of focus groups identified three themes relating to (1) direct experiences of the group, (2) initial difficulties in being self-compassionate and (3) positive emotional changes. Pre- and post-group outcome measures indicated significant reductions in both self-criticism and unfavourable social comparisons. Results suggest that CFT can be adapted for individuals with ID and provide preliminary evidence that people with ID and psychological difficulties may experience a number of benefits from this group intervention.
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Halstead E, Ekas N, Hastings RP, Griffith GM. Associations Between Resilience and the Well-Being of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:1108-1121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Halstead EJ, Griffith GM, Hastings RP. Social support, coping, and positive perceptions as potential protective factors for the well-being of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Int J Dev Disabil 2017; 64:288-296. [PMID: 34141317 PMCID: PMC8115529 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2017.1329192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Behavioral and emotional problems exhibited by children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have been identified as significant stressors for family members in both cross-sectional and longitudinal research. However, there is variability in the extent to which family members are affected by behavioral and emotional problems. In the present study, we explored whether perceived social support, positive perceptions, or coping style explain some of this variability and specifically whether these three variables function as protective factors. Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight mothers of children aged between four and 18 years old with IDD participated in a cross-sectional survey. Results: Using moderated multiple regression models, we found consistent evidence that perceived social support functioned as a protective factor - affecting the relationship between child behavioral and emotional problems and maternal depression, life satisfaction, and positive affect. There was no evidence that coping and positive perceptions acted as a protective factors. Conclusion: Building social support through parental interventions, especially in families of children with behavioral and emotional problems, may result in improved well-being for mothers of children with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma M. Griffith
- Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- CEDAR (Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Bowring DL, Totsika V, Hastings RP, Toogood S, Griffith GM. Challenging behaviours in adults with an intellectual disability: A total population study and exploration of risk indices. Br J Clin Psychol 2016; 56:16-32. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren L. Bowring
- School of Psychology; University of Bangor; UK
- Health and Social Services; Jersey UK
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Griffith GM, Hastings RP, Petalas MA, Lloyd TJ. Mothers' expressed emotion towards children with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings. J Intellect Disabil Res 2015; 59:580-7. [PMID: 25521064 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expressed emotion (EE) is a construct used to measure the emotional climate within families. EE is of interest to researchers in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because of its putative implications for child development. The aim was to explore whether maternal EE differs towards a child with ASD and a non-disabled sibling. METHODS We adopted a within-family design with 143 mothers of children with ASD and a non-disabled sibling. EE was measured using the Five-Minute Speech Sample. RESULTS Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were utilised. Mothers were coded as significantly more critical and less warm towards their child with ASD than towards the sibling. There were no significant differences in maternal emotional overinvolvement or overall EE towards the child with ASD and a sibling. CONCLUSIONS The data support the results of previous research suggesting that EE is linked to the relationship a mother has with individual children, rather than being evidence of the character disposition of mothers. More research is needed to understand the emotional dimensions of parent-child relationships in families with children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Grey JM, Griffith GM, Totsika V, Hastings RP. Families' Experiences of Seeking Out-of-Home Accommodation for Their Adult Child With an Intellectual Disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR); University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR); University of Warwick; Coventry UK
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Griffith GM, Hutchinson L, Hastings RP. "I'm not a patient, I'm a person": The experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior—A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moss J, Howlin P, Hastings RP, Beaumont S, Griffith GM, Petty J, Tunnicliffe P, Yates R, Villa D, Oliver C. Social behavior and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, and Cri du Chat syndromes. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2013; 118:262-283. [PMID: 23937369 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-118.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characteristics and social behavior in Angelman (AS; n = 19; mean age = 10.35 years), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS; n = 15; mean age = 12.40 years), and Cri du Chat (CdCS, also known as 5 p-syndrome; n = 19; mean age = 8.80 years) syndromes. The proportion of individuals meeting the ASD cutoff on the Social Communication Questionnaire was significantly higher in the AS and CdLS groups than in the CdCS group (p < .01). The groups demonstrated divergent social behavior profiles during social conditions in which adult availability, adult familiarity, and social demand were manipulated. Social enjoyment was significantly heightened in AS, whereas social approaches were heightened in individuals with CdCS. Social motivation, social communication, and enjoyment were significantly lower in CdLS. The findings highlight the importance of detailed observation when evaluating ASD and social behavior in genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moss
- Cerebra Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Griffith GM, Totsika V, Nash S, Jones RSP, Hastings RP. "We are all there silently coping." The hidden experiences of parents of adults with Asperger syndrome. J Intellect Dev Disabil 2012; 37:237-247. [PMID: 22852754 DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2012.701729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experiences of older parents of adults with Asperger syndrome have not been explored in the research literature. METHOD Four families who had middle-aged offspring with Asperger syndrome were interviewed (3 mothers and 1 couple), and the interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). RESULTS Six themes emerged from the analysis: (a) providers of "hidden" support, (b) role of advocate, (c) social isolation, (d) intrafamilial relationships, (e) support for parents, and (f) future concerns. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study offer insight into the experience of parents of adult sons with Asperger syndrome. Implications for future support interventions and research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Griffith
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor LL57 2AS, Wales, UK. g.m.griffi
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Grindle CF, Hastings RP, Saville M, Hughes JC, Huxley K, Kovshoff H, Griffith GM, Walker-Jones E, Devonshire K, Remington B. Outcomes of a behavioral education model for children with autism in a mainstream school setting. Behav Modif 2012; 36:298-319. [PMID: 22569577 DOI: 10.1177/0145445512441199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The authors report 1-year outcomes for 11 children (3-7 years) with autism who attended an "Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) classroom" educational intervention in a mainstream school setting. The children learned new skills by the end of 1 year and learned additional skills during a 2nd year. Group analysis of standardized test outcomes (IQ and adaptive behavior) showed moderate to large effect size changes over 1 year, with further changes during a 2nd year. Standardized test outcomes for nine children after 2 years were also analyzed against a comparison group (n = 18) of children with autism receiving "education as usual." These controlled comparisons were associated with statistically significant large effects in favor of the ABA group for adaptive skills. Exploratory analysis also showed that increases in language and learning skills in the ABA class group were generally associated with positive changes in standardized test scores. A comprehensive behavioral intervention model can be successfully implemented in a mainstream school setting.
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Griffith GM, Totsika V, Nash S, Hastings RP. 'I just don't fit anywhere': support experiences and future support needs of individuals with Asperger syndrome in middle adulthood. Autism 2011; 16:532-46. [PMID: 21610188 DOI: 10.1177/1362361311405223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The experiences of individuals in middle adulthood with Asperger syndrome have been the subject of little previous research, especially in terms of their experience of support services. In the present research, 11 adults with Asperger syndrome were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to interpret the interviews. Four themes emerged from the analysis: living with Asperger syndrome; employment issues; experiences with mainstream support; and future steps towards supporting adults with Asperger syndrome. The findings highlighted the anxiety, depression, and communication difficulties that people with Asperger syndrome may experience. Much of the available support is perceived as unsuitable for individuals with Asperger syndrome. All participants wanted to remain as independent as possible, and believed an individualized approach to support would be greatly beneficial. Recommendations are made for future practice to help support adults with Asperger syndrome.
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Griffith GM, Hastings RP, Oliver C, Howlin P, Moss J, Petty J, Tunnicliffe P. Psychological well-being in parents of children with Angelman, Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes. J Intellect Disabil Res 2011; 55:397-410. [PMID: 21323782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study focuses on mothers and fathers of children with three rare genetic syndromes that are relatively unexplored in terms of family experience: Angelman syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Cri du Chat syndrome. METHOD Parents of children with Angelman syndrome (n =15), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n = 16) and Cri du Chat syndrome (n = 18), and a matched comparison group of parents of children with autism and intellectual disabilities (n = 20) completed questionnaires on both psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression) and positive psychological functioning. RESULTS Parents of children with Angelman syndrome consistently reported the highest levels of psychological distress, and parents of children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome the lowest, with parents of children with Cri du Chat syndrome and autism scoring between these two. Positive psychological functioning was similar across the four aetiology groups. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with rare genetic syndromes are at risk for high levels of stress and mental health problems. Methodological issues and the practical applications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
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Griffith GM, Hastings RP, Nash S, Hill C. Using matched groups to explore child behavior problems and maternal well-being in children with Down syndrome and autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2010; 40:610-9. [PMID: 19936904 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mothers of children with Down syndrome, autism, and mixed etiology intellectual disabilities, matched on child age, gender, and communication skills (n = 19 in each group) completed measures of their child's adaptive and problem behaviors, their own parenting stress, and positive perceptions of their child. Children with autism were rated as having more problem behaviors and lower levels of social competence than children with Down syndrome and mixed etiology intellectual disabilities. Mothers of children with autism scored lower on positive perceptions of their child, and higher on stress than the other two groups. After selecting closely matched groups, we found several group differences in child behavior but little evidence of group differences in maternal outcomes.
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Oliver C, Bedeschi MF, Blagowidow N, Carrico CS, Cereda A, FitzPatrick DR, Gervasini C, Griffith GM, Kline AD, Marchisio P, Moss J, Ramos FJ, Selicorni A, Tunnicliffe P, Wierzba J, Hennekam RC. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Extending the physical and psychological phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1127-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Amiridze NS, Darwish R, Griffith GM, Zoarskia GH. Treatment of arteriovenous malformations with hydrocoils in a Swine model. Interv Neuroradiol 2008; 14:165-71. [PMID: 20557757 DOI: 10.1177/159101990801400207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain are the most common symptomatic congenital vascular malformation of the central nervous system, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. This study compared the feasibility and efficacy of treating AVMs by embolization with hydrocoils with similar treatment with bare platinum coils, using the swine rete mirabile as a model. A right carotid-jugular fistula was created in ten swine.A microcatheter was positioned into the rete mirabile, which was unilaterally (contralateral to the fistula) embolized with hydrocoils in six and bare platinum coils in four swine. Angiograms were evaluated during and immediately after embolization. Embolization with complete cessation of bloodf low in the unilateral rete mirabile was achieved in all animals treated with hydrocoils. The number of coils needed varied from four to seven (diameter 2-4 mm; mean coil length 22.3 cm). Embolization with platinum coils of similar number (seven) and slightly longer length (mean 37.75 cm) had a minimal effect on blood flow, resulting in occlusion of only small compartments. No immediate complications were noted with either coil. Hydrocoils are more effective in achieving embolization than bare platinum coils. Expansion of the hydrocoil over only a few minutes allows precise placement and stabilization of the coil before detachment. Hydrocoilscan be safely placed into small vessels. This approach may be particularly useful to decrease the flow rate, as a first stage of AVM embolizationin high flow AVMs that contain arteriovenous fistulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Amiridze
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology - Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, USA -
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Griffith GM. TBOR2 compliance plans: from rebuttable presumption to enforcement. J Health Law 2001; 34:567-613. [PMID: 11833409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
This Article analyzes the implications and strategies of incorporating the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 ("TBOR2") into tax-exempt healthcare organizations' compliance plans. Beginning with a brief overview of TBOR2, the author examines the presumption of fair market value, how such organizations establish safe harbors, the current Internal Revenue Service (IRS or Service) position regarding enforcement of TBOR2, and the lurking potential for "whistleblowers" to start auditory procedures with an eye toward IRS bounties. Mr. Griffith concludes that the best advice for exempt organizations is to follow the rebuttable presumption procedure for all transactions involving potential disqualified persons, including staff and employed physicians, and seek to fit within the safe harbors for the less routine and larger of those transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- Health Care Department, Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn LLP, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Griffith GM. Revenue Ruling 98-15: dimming the future of all nonprofit joint ventures? J Health Hosp Law 1998; 31:71-94. [PMID: 10186239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Griffith GM. IRS guidance on physician recruitment: from the seeds of Hermann Hospital to the proposed and final ruling and beyond. J Health Hosp Law 1997; 30:75-88. [PMID: 10169578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Griffith GM. More Taxpayers Bill of Rights 2. Implications for physicians and administrators. Mich Health Hosp 1997; 33:25. [PMID: 10164312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Griffith GM. IRS proposes ruling on physician recruitment. How a hospital recruits physicians would affect its tax-exempt status. Health Prog 1996; 77:52-4. [PMID: 10154462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
On March 15, 1995, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a proposed revenue ruling stating how certain physician recruitment practices could be implemented without threatening hospitals' tax-exemption. As proposed, the IRS ruling would provide flexibility for recruitment incentives rather than a list of strict physician recruitment guidelines. The proposed ruling is not legally binding until issued in final form, and there is no deadline for finalizing it. In the meantime, however, the standards outlined in the proposed ruling reflect arrangements the IRS likely would approve, which should be an incentive for tax-exempt hospitals to follow reasonable physician recruitment practices. Assuming a hospital complies with other legal requirements such as fraud and abuse laws, it must answer two key tax-exempt status questions for its recruitment or retention package: Will the incentives result in a disguised distribution of profits from the operation of the organization? Is the total incentive package reasonable under all the facts and circumstances, both in absolute total value for physician(s) recruited and in relation to services required by the hospital and the community? The proposed ruling also provides guidance on basic documentation requirements and a process for approving recruitment arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn, Detroit, MI, USA
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Griffith GM. IRS views on physician control of integrated networks. Healthc Financ Manage 1995; 49:30-2, 34, 36. [PMID: 10151865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated delivery systems and their components are evolving rapidly, as are Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax-exemption rulings and standards affecting these entities. A common concern addressed by two recent IRS tax-exemption rulings centered on the impact of physician involvement on a hospital's tax-exempt status.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn, Detroit, MI, USA
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Griffith GM. Community benefits of PHO and MSO participation. J Health Hosp Law 1995; 28:129-42. [PMID: 10155906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn, Detroit, MI, USA
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Griffith GM. Tax-exempt status of hospitals and physician "control". J Health Hosp Law 1994; 27:257-67, 288. [PMID: 10137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Griffith GM. Hydroa Æstivale. Proc R Soc Med 1936; 29:1638-9. [PMID: 19990886 PMCID: PMC2076278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Griffith GM. Hydroa Æstivale. Proc R Soc Med 1936; 29:1638-1639. [PMID: 20915283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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