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Lopez MS, Parra S, Salcedo M, Baker E, Milbourne A, Lorenzoni C, Luis E, Mabota F, Fontes-Cintra G, Moretti-Marques R, Ogburn A, Gowen R, Robles E, Tavares JH, Schmeler K. Measuring Knowledge Change and Skills Improvement in Participants of a Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Prevention Training Program in Low-Resource Areas in Texas and Mozambique. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract 5 Purpose There are more than 530,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 275,000 related deaths annually worldwide. More than 85% of cases and deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries and some areas of the United States. There is a shortage of medical specialists to provide prevention, screening, and treatment services in these regions. Needed are programs that are focused on increasing the clinical capacity to improve cancer prevention services via innovative, locally held, hands-on training courses in conjunction with regular telementoring. Locally held, hands-on training courses for colposcopy, cervical biopsy, and loop electrosurgical excisional procedures using innovative training models and theoretical practical lectures were held in conjunction with telementoring using Project ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes). Methods We initiated a cervical cancer prevention education program with two complementary components: locally held, hands-on training courses using innovative teaching aids that were developed by Rice University, and Project ECHO telementoring using regularly held videoconferences to ensure regular mentoring. These innovative training models are low cost (< $80 USD) and allow course participants to simulate different cervical cancer screening and early treatment techniques, including VIA, colposcopy, cervical biopsies, cryotherapy, and loop electrosurgical excisional procedures. Results To date, four hands-on training programs have been held in Mozambique (n = 2) and underserved areas of Texas, including the Rio Grande Valley (n = 1) and Laredo (n = 1). In addition, since 2014, 99 ECHO telementoring sessions have been held with providers in the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo (average, n = 23 providers) as well as Mozambique (average, n = 11 providers). Conclusion Through this cervical cancer prevention education program, we have found that locally held, hands-on training courses using innovative models, complemented with Project ECHO telementoring, is an innovative way to improve cervical cancer screening and prevention efforts in low-resource settings. Evaluation is ongoing to determine the efficacy of these programs compared with traditional training methods. Funding: The Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas, The University of Texas MD Anderson Sister Institution Network Fund, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Moon Shots program, and The Prevent Cancer Foundation. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Lopez
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Sonia Parra
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Mila Salcedo
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Ellen Baker
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Andrea Milbourne
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Elvira Luis
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Flora Mabota
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Georgia Fontes-Cintra
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Renato Moretti-Marques
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Anthony Ogburn
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Rose Gowen
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Eduardo Robles
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Jose H. Tavares
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Kathleen Schmeler
- Melissa S. Lopez, Ellen Baker, Andrea Milbourne, and Kathleen Schmeler, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Sonia Parra, Rice University, Houston; Anthony Ogburn, University of Texas Brownsville, Edinburg; Rose Gowen, Su Clinica Familiar; Eduardo Robles, Gateway Community Health Center, Laredo, TX; Mila Salcedo, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre; Georgia Fontes-Cintra and Jose H. Tavares, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos; Renato Moretti-Marques, Hospital Israeilita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
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Lopez MS, Baker ES, Milbourne AM, Gowen RM, Rodriguez AM, Lorenzoni C, Mwaba C, Msadabwe SC, Tavares JH, Fontes-Cintra G, Zucca-Matthes G, Callegaro-Filho D, Ramos-Martin D, Thiago de Carvalho I, Coelho R, Marques RM, Chulam T, Pontremoli-Salcedo M, Nozar F, Fiol V, Maza M, Arora S, Hawk ET, Schmeler KM. Project ECHO: A Telementoring Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment in Low-Resource Settings. J Glob Oncol 2016; 3:658-665. [PMID: 29094102 PMCID: PMC5646881 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with the United States and other developed countries. This disparity is caused by decreased access to screening, often coupled with low numbers of trained providers offering cancer prevention and treatment services. However, similar disparities are also found in underserved areas of the United States, such as the Texas-Mexico border, where cervical cancer mortality rates are 30% higher than in the rest of Texas. To address these issues, we have adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program, a low-cost telementoring model previously proven to be successful in increasing local capacity, improving patient management skills, and ultimately improving patient outcomes in rural and underserved areas. We use the Project ECHO model to educate local providers in the management of cervical dysplasia in a low-resource region of Texas and have adapted it to inform strategies for the management of advanced cervical and breast cancer in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. This innovative approach, using ECHO, is part of a larger strategy to enhance clinical skills and develop collaborative projects between academic centers and partners in low-resource regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Lopez
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ellen S Baker
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Andrea M Milbourne
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Rose M Gowen
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ana M Rodriguez
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Catherine Mwaba
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Susan Citonje Msadabwe
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - José Humberto Tavares
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Georgia Fontes-Cintra
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Gustavo Zucca-Matthes
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Donato Callegaro-Filho
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Danielle Ramos-Martin
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Icaro Thiago de Carvalho
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Robson Coelho
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Renato Moretti Marques
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Thiago Chulam
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Mila Pontremoli-Salcedo
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fernanda Nozar
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Veronica Fiol
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Mauricio Maza
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Sanjeev Arora
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kathleen M Schmeler
- , , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; , Su Clinica Familiar, Brownsville; , The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; , Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique; , , Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; , , , and , Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos; , , , and , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo; , Federal University of Health Sciences/Santa Casa de Misericordia, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and , Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; , Basic Health International, San Salvador, El Salvador; and , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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