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Talagas M, Lebonvallet N, Leschiera R, Sinquin G, Elies P, Haftek M, Pennec JP, Ressnikoff D, La Padula V, Le Garrec R, L'herondelle K, Mignen O, Le Pottier L, Kerfant N, Reux A, Marcorelles P, Misery L. Keratinocytes Communicate with Sensory Neurons via Synaptic-like Contacts. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1205-1219. [PMID: 32951274 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain, temperature, and itch are conventionally thought to be exclusively transduced by the intraepidermal nerve endings. Although recent studies have shown that epidermal keratinocytes also participate in sensory transduction, the mechanism underlying keratinocyte communication with intraepidermal nerve endings remains poorly understood. We sought to demonstrate the synaptic character of the contacts between keratinocytes and sensory neurons and their involvement in sensory communication between keratinocytes and sensory neurons. METHODS Contacts were explored by morphological, molecular, and functional approaches in cocultures of epidermal keratinocytes and sensory neurons. To interrogate whether structures observed in vitro were also present in the human epidermis, in situ correlative light electron microscopy was performed on human skin biopsies. RESULTS Epidermal keratinocytes dialogue with sensory neurons through en passant synaptic-like contacts. These contacts have the ultrastructural features and molecular hallmarks of chemical synaptic-like contacts: narrow intercellular cleft, keratinocyte synaptic vesicles expressing synaptophysin and synaptotagmin 1, and sensory information transmitted from keratinocytes to sensory neurons through SNARE-mediated (syntaxin1) vesicle release. INTERPRETATION By providing selective communication between keratinocytes and sensory neurons, synaptic-like contacts are the hubs of a 2-site receptor. The permanent epidermal turnover, implying a specific en passant structure and high plasticity, may have delayed their identification, thereby contributing to the long-held concept of nerve endings passing freely between keratinocytes. The discovery of keratinocyte-sensory neuron synaptic-like contacts may call for a reassessment of basic assumptions in cutaneous sensory perception and sheds new light on the pathophysiology of pain and itch as well as the physiology of touch. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1205-1219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Talagas
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Lebonvallet
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphael Leschiera
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Gerard Sinquin
- Univ Brest, Imagery and Microscopic Measures Facility, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Philippe Elies
- Univ Brest, Imagery and Microscopic Measures Facility, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Marek Haftek
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305 CNRS-UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pennec
- Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Movement Sport and Health (EA1274), Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Denis Ressnikoff
- East Lyon Center of Quantitative Imagery, University of Lyon 1, INSERM US 7-CNRS UMS 3453, Lyon, France
| | - Veronica La Padula
- Technological Center of Microstructures, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaele Le Garrec
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Killian L'herondelle
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR 1227, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Laetitia Le Pottier
- Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR 1227, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Kerfant
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Esthetic Surgery, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Alexia Reux
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Pascale Marcorelles
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Univ Brest, Brest Institute of Health Agro Matter, Brest University, F-29200 Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
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Sinquin G, Morfin RF, Charles JF, Floch HH. Testosterone metabolism by homogenates of human prostates with benign hyperplasia: effects of zinc, cadmium and other bivalent cations. J Steroid Biochem 1984; 20:773-80. [PMID: 6200704 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various quantities of Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn and EDTA on the formation of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of testosterone (T) substrate and of 3 alpha-/3 beta-reduced metabolites of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone substrates by homogenates of 6 human hyperplastic prostate glands were studied in incubations at pH 7.4 with NADPH-generating system. Effects of these cations and EDTA on the VM and KM of the 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-/3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (-HSD) were also measured. Quantities of 5 alpha-reduced T metabolites were significantly increased by Cd, Cu and Zn supplementations. These increments were shown to result from significant augmentations of the VM but no change in KM of the NADPH-dependent 5 alpha-reductase. Quantities of 3 alpha-reduced DHT metabolites were significantly decreased by Cd and Cu supplementations and resulted from an increase of the KM of the NADPH-dependent 3 alpha-HSD by Cd and both an increase of KM and a decrease of VM by Cu. Quantities of 3 beta-reduced DHT metabolites were significantly decreased by Cd and Cu supplementations. Increase of the KM of the NADPH-dependent 3 beta-HSD by Cd was found significant while Cu both increased the KM and decreased the VM of the enzyme. EDTA-related changes in 5 alpha-reductase activity were shown to result from the EDTA-induced decrease of the pH of the medium. No effect of EDTA was observed on the activities of both 3 alpha/3 beta-HSD.
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