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Ahmed G, Oladele GO, Usman A, Adesiyun O, Olowu AO. Determinants and Outcomes for Neonatal Septicaemia at the Federal Medical Centre Bida, North Central Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:792-798. [PMID: 37639291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal septicaemia (NNS) occurs during the first 28 days of life and is characterized by systemic bacterial infection proven by blood culture. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Determinants of NNS vary between locations forming the basis for this study. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and the predisposing factors to neonatal septicaemia among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Federal Medical Centre, Bida (FMC Bida). METHODS This was a one-year prospective observational study, 167 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of FMC Bida, were selected by purposive sampling method to participate in the study from 13th May, 2015 to 30th April, 2016. A structured questionnaire was filled out by consenting parents and blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 (2016). The data were summarized using frequency distributions, means, standard deviation, charts and tables while statistical significance was determined using the chisquare test and Fisher's exact test at a 5% level of significance as well as Odd's Ratio (OR) as appropriate. RESULTS Of the 167 neonates recruited, 97(58.1%) were males, 70(41.9%) were females and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. Outborns were 100 (60%), inborns were 67(40%). Mean age was 4.3 ± 1.5 days and the mean weight of 2589 ± 743.9g. The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 2.33% while the blood culture's positive rate was 9.58%. Risk factors identified in the neonates in this study were prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis, meconium-stained liquor, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, being an outborn, having a low birth weight, inability to cry at birth and prematurity but, PROM was the only risk factor significantly associated with septicaemia (OR 5.4; 95% CI 2.2-13.5) while Escherichia coli was the leading bacterial isolate. CONCLUSION In conclusion, prolonged rupture of membrane was mostly responsible for neonatal septicaemia in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - G O Oladele
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - A Usman
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - O Adesiyun
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A O Olowu
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Pydisetty G, Ahmed G, Kharashgah M. Hospital vs community screening for breast cancer. Breast 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(21)00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ali N, Nabi M, Shoaib M, Shah I, Ahmed G, Shakirullah , Ziauddin , Shah SWA, Ghias M, Khan S, Ali W. GC/MS analysis, anti-leishmanial and relaxant activity of essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) from Malakand region. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:577-583. [PMID: 34275832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides is abundantly available in Malakand region. As constituents and concentrations of essential oils vary based on its geographical location, we carried our current study to extract and evaluate its possible relaxant activity in rabbits' jejunum and anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica. The essential oil was obtained from aerial fresh parts through steam distillation followed by GC/MS analysis. Antispasmodic activity was performed on spontaneous and KCl induced contractions. Curves for calcium concentration response (CCRCs) were prepared with and without different concentrations of essential oils and verapamil - a standard calcium channel blocker as per our reported procedures. GC/MS analysis indicated that the essential oil contains 4-carene (56.59%) and o-cymene (41.46%), the two most abundant compounds previously reported from this species. The LD50 value for acute toxicity is 279.66±2.2mg/kg. The essential oil have significant antileishmanial activity with LC50 of Log10 (1.83±0.0026) ×10-6mg/ml, potent relaxant activity on rabbits' jejunal preparations with respective EC50 = 1.46±0.15mg/ml for spontaneous activity. For KCl (80mM) induced contractions, EC50=0.26±0.02mg/ml. In CCRCs, the oil produced a right shift as exhibited by verapamil. More, its relaxant activity, which is mediated through calcium channel blocking mechanism, proves a rationale for its traditional use in gut spasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical, University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical, University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower
| | | | - - Shakirullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical, University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - - Ziauddin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical, University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Skhiri S, Ghriss N, Ahmed G, Ben Yahia W, Ghannouchi N, Amira A. Atteinte hématologique au cours du syndrome de Sjögren. Rev Med Interne 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nabi M, Ali N, Shams B, Ahmed G, Shah MJ, Ullah S, Shoaib M, Ali Shah SW. Relaxant activity of different fractions of fruits of Rosa moschata J. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:895-900. [PMID: 32863267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current work is an attempt to know that in which fraction(s) the relaxant constituents of Rosa moschata concentrate. Crude methanolic extract of Rosa moschata was prepared as per our reported procedure. Sub fractions of methanol extract were extracted with different solvents in increasing order of polarity i.e. n-hexane > chloroform > ethyl acetate > n-butanol > residual aqueous fractions. Different concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/ml) of the fractions were tested on spontaneous contractions and KCl induced contractions on rabbits' jejunal preparations. Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) in the presence and absence of the test fractions using verapamil were constructed to understand its mechanisms. EtOA fraction was more relaxant with EC50 values 0.812±0.149 mg/ml on spontaneous and 2.01±0.08 mg/ml on KCl induced contractions. we also found right shift in its EC50 values expressed as log [Ca++]M values. In presence of 0.3 mg/ml EtOA fraction, its EC50 value was -2.22±0.035 vs control EC50 -2.71±0.21. For n-BuOH fraction, EC50 value was -1.82±0.00 vs control with EC50 -2.28±0.049 at concentration of 0.3 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate fraction of Rosa moschata was more potent and is therefore can be a target for activity guided isolation of calcium channel antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Shams
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jalat Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shakir Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan/Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan
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Salman M, Rizwana R, Khan H, Munir I, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Rehman A, Amin K, Ahmed G, Khan M, Khan A, Amin FU. Synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles and polymyxin B against biofilm produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of pus samples in vitro. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47:2465-2472. [PMID: 31187657 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1626864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an aerobic gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It accelerates the decline in lung function and ultimately leads to increased mortality and morbidity rate. Survival and virulence of P. aeruginosa is due to its biofilm formation ability. The main aim of this study was to test the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with Polymyxin B against biofilms of P. aeruginosa. A total of 500 pus aspirations were collected and bacterial pathogens were identified. Biofilm formation was attained using a glass tube method and microtiter plate assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Polymyxin B was determined using agar well diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method followed by determination of their anti-pseudomonal ability separately and in combination with Polymyxin B using microtiter plate assay. Our results showed that 120 out of 500 samples were Pseudomonas positive. The ratio of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in our collected Pseudomonas samples was 83% (25/30). Generally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Polymyxin B was 16 µg/mL and that of AgNPs was null. However, AgNPs showed great synergistic effect in combination with Polymyxin B. Synergistically, the efficacy of Polymyxin B was enhanced four times as compared to unaided Polymyxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Rizwana
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Hayat Khan
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan.,b Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi , Swabi , Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Munir
- c Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), The University of Agriculture Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- d Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , Mardan , Pakistan
| | - Aquib Iqbal
- c Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), The University of Agriculture Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Khalid Amin
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- e Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- c Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), The University of Agriculture Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- f Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsada , Charsada , Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ul Amin
- c Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), The University of Agriculture Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
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7
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Roth P, Wong GKL, Frosz MH, Ahmed G, Russell PSJ. Full-field characterization of helical Bloch modes guided in twisted coreless photonic crystal fiber. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5049-5052. [PMID: 31613260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It was recently reported that a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with no structural core guides light if a permanent chiral twist is introduced by spinning the fiber preform during the draw. The intriguing guidance mechanism behind this novel effect has many remarkable features; for example, it intrinsically supports circularly polarized helical Bloch modes (HBMs) that carry multiple optical vortices, making twisted PCFs of interest in fields such as optical micro-manipulation, imaging, quantum optics, and optical communications. Here we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a twisted coreless PCF supports not just one but a family of guided HBMs, each member of which has a unique transverse field distribution and harmonic spectrum. By making detailed interferometric measurements of the near-field phase and amplitude distributions of HBMs, and expanding them as a series of Bessel beams, we are able to extract the amplitude of each azimuthal and radial HBM harmonic. Good agreement is found with the numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations. The results shed light on the properties of this curious new optical phenomenon.
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Ahn M, Cantarini M, Frewer P, Hawkins G, Peters J, Howarth P, Ahmed G, Sahota T, Hartmaier R, Li-Sucholeiki X, Oxnard G. P1.01-134 SAVANNAH: Phase II Trial of Osimertinib + Savolitinib in EGFR-Mutant, MET-Driven Advanced NSCLC, Following Prior Osimertinib. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Idoudi S, Ben Kahla M, Sana M, Ahmed G, Lobna B, Amina A, Mesfar R, Ghannouchi N, Belajouza C, Denguezli M. Une nécrose bilatérale du scalp révélant une artérite à cellules géantes. Rev Med Interne 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Dhouha K, Ahmed G, Nesrine G, Amal Baya C, Bouker A, Atig A, Ghannouchi N. Manifestations neurologiques au cours du syndrome de Sjörgen. Rev Med Interne 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karmali S, Markey G, Killian M, Ahmed G, Bird BR, Murphy CG. Abstract P5-14-05: Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Ireland. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-14-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer patients has been documented in major cities across USA, Canada, Europe, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. These studies suggest that cancer patients on chemotherapy simultaneously use CAMs. In Ireland, there have been two studies in pediatric cancer centers that have documented the use of CAM. To our knowledge, no study has examined the use of CAM in the adult population in Ireland.
Method:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a single adult cancer center over a three-week period. The survey was offered to all oncology and hematology patients attending the medical day unit.
Results:
The survey was completed by 81 patients, 51 of them were females (63%). The majority (93.8%) of the patients in our sample were in the age range of 41-80.
47 (58%) of the patients reported using CAM concurrently with conventional chemotherapy. The average cost of CAM was under €20 per month, but five patients (6.2%) spent over €100 per month. The major reasons for taking CAM were to enhance quality of life (23.5%), improve psychological/emotional wellbeing (17.3%), improve immunity (16%), relieve side effects of cancer (9.9%), relieve side effects of treatment (8.6%), and to directly treat/cure cancer (2.5%). Patients using CAM reported their source of information as healthcare professionals (30.9%), family/friends (19.8%), media (13.6%), and CAM practitioners (2.5%). Out of 81 patients, only 27 (33.3%) discussed the use of CAM with a healthcare professional involved in their care, of which 18.2% asked regarding interactions with the conventional therapy, 18.2% asked regarding CAM effectiveness and the type to use, 16.7% asked advice whether to pursue it, and 15.2% asked regarding safety of CAM. From the 26 patients using CAM who did not discuss with HCP the reasons cited were that they were never asked by the HCP (25.9%), did not think it was important to discuss with the HCP (13.0%), and 61.1% did not specify their reason.
Of the 81 patients, 18 consumed herbal products (13.6% green tea, 8.6% flax seed, 3.7% evening primrose, 2.5% soy supplements), 34 used dietary supplements (28.4% vitamins, 12.3% minerals, 3.7% fish oils), and 21 used other CAMs (8.6% massage, 7.4% meditation/mind-body technique, 7.4% acupuncture, 6.2% reflexology, 2.5% reiki).
Conclusion:
The use of CAM in adult cancer patients has not been well documented in Ireland. As demonstrated from the pilot study, adult cancer patients in Ireland do seek out CAMs when simultaneously receiving chemotherapy, highlighting the importance for physicians to explicitly ask all patients regarding their intentions of CAM in order to provide safe and evidence-based options. This cancer center appeared to not have patients pursuing ayurvedic or Chinese medicine. However, similar conclusions cannot be made for other urban centers with more diverse population mixes with differing cultural experiences and attitudes to CAM.
Citation Format: Karmali S, Markey G, Killian M, Ahmed G, Bird BR, Murphy CG. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Ireland [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karmali
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Markey
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Killian
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Ahmed
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - BR Bird
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - CG Murphy
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hussain M, Mirza MA, Nawaz H, Asghar M, Ahmed G. Effect of Exogenous Protease, Mannanase, and Xylanase Supplementation in Corn and High Protein Corn DDGS Based Diets on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens. Braz J Poult Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - MA Mirza
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - H Nawaz
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Asghar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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Ahmed G, Nesrine G, Ben Khalifa D, Atig A, Bouker A, Ghannouchi N. Profil épidémiologique, clinique, biologique et étiologique des fièvres prolongées inexpliquée. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed G, Ben Khalifa D, Atig A, Nesrine G, Bouker A, Ghannouchi N. Lymphome osseux primitif multifocal révélé par une fièvre prolongée et compliquée d’une compression médullaire. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhao LZ, Zhang JS, Ahmed G, Liao XF, Liu ZW, Greneche JM. Understanding the element segregation and phase separation in the Ce-substituted Nd-(Fe,Co)-B based alloys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6826. [PMID: 29717167 PMCID: PMC5931561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ce substituted Nd2Fe14B (2:14:1)-type permanent magnets have shown increasing potential in the applications due to their high properties/cost ratio. However, the element segregation and phase separation in the Ce substituted magnets have not been fully understood yet. In this work, (Nd1−xCex)25Fe40Co20Al4B11 alloys with high coercivities were prepared by copper mold casting. Based on detailed microstructure and composition analysis, the segregation of rare earth (RE) elements was observed in the as-cast alloys. Nd element prefers to enter into the 2:14:1 phase and the Ce element enter into the 1:2 phase. The existence of the 1:2 phase can promote the element segregation. The alloy shows an abnormal increase of coercivity from 641 kA/m for x = 0.2 to 863 kA/m for x = 0.3. This increase could be attributed to the phase separation of the 2:14:1 phase, which has been confirmed by the microstructural characterization. The present data provides useful information for exploring Ce-containing Nd-Fe-B magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Innovative Center for Advanced Materials (ICAM), Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - J S Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - G Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - X F Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Z W Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - J M Greneche
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans CNRS UMR-6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Messiaen, Le Mans, F-72085, France
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Moyen N, Ahmed G, Gupta S, Tenzin T, Khan R, Khan T, Debnath N, Yamage M, Pfeiffer DU, Fournie G. A large-scale study of a poultry trading network in Bangladesh: implications for control and surveillance of avian influenza viruses. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:12. [PMID: 29329534 PMCID: PMC5767022 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first report in 2007, avian influenza (AI) has been endemic in Bangladesh. While live poultry marketing is widespread throughout the country and known to influence AI dissemination and persistence, trading patterns have not been described. The aim of this study is to assess poultry trading practices and features of the poultry trading networks which could promote AI spread, and their potential implications for disease control and surveillance. Data on poultry trading practices was collected from 849 poultry traders during a cross-sectional survey in 138 live bird markets (LBMs) across 17 different districts of Bangladesh. The quantity and origins of traded poultry were assessed for each poultry type in surveyed LBMs. The network of contacts between farms and LBMs resulting from commercial movements of live poultry was constructed to assess its connectivity and to identify the key premises influencing it. RESULTS Poultry trading practices varied according to the size of the LBMs and to the type of poultry traded. Industrial broiler chickens, the most commonly traded poultry, were generally sold in LBMs close to their production areas, whereas ducks and backyard chickens were moved over longer distances, and their transport involved several intermediates. The poultry trading network composed of 445 nodes (73.2% were LBMs) was highly connected and disassortative. However, the removal of only 5.6% of the nodes (25 LBMs with the highest betweenness scores), reduced the network's connectedness, and the maximum size of output and input domains by more than 50%. CONCLUSIONS Poultry types need to be discriminated in order to understand the way in which poultry trading networks are shaped, and the level of risk of disease spread that these networks may promote. Knowledge of the network structure could be used to target control and surveillance interventions to a small number of LBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moyen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - G Ahmed
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Gupta
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Qld, Australia.,Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Tenzin
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,National Centre for Animal Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - R Khan
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Khan
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Debnath
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Yamage
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D U Pfeiffer
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - G Fournie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Ahmed G, Atig A, Amara A, Ghriss N, Bouker A, Mahjoub M, Bahri F, Ghannouchi N. Évolution des caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques de la maladie de Behçet en Tunisie. Rev Med Interne 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahn M, Han J, Sequist L, Cho B, Lee J, Kim S, Su W, Tsai C, Yang J, Yu H, Horn L, Lee K, Haddad V, Frigault M, Ahmed G, Yang L, Ghiorghiu D, Oxnard G. OA 09.03 TATTON Ph Ib Expansion Cohort: Osimertinib plus Savolitinib for Pts with EGFR-Mutant MET-Amplified NSCLC after Progression on Prior EGFR-TKI. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang J., Fang J, Shu Y, Chang J, Chen G, He J, Li W, Liu X, Yang N, Zhou C, Huang J, Yang L, Handzel A, Frigault M, Ahmed G, Egile C, Morgan S, Wu Y. OA 09.06 A Phase Ib Trial of Savolitinib plus Gefitinib for Chinese Patients with EGFR-Mutant MET-Amplified Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahmed G, Arjmandi Tash O, Cook J, Trybala A, Starov V. Biological applications of kinetics of wetting and spreading. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:17-36. [PMID: 28919372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wetting and spreading kinetics of biological fluids has gained a substantial interest recently. The importance of these fluids in our lives has driven the pace of publications. Globally scientists have ever growing interest in understanding wetting phenomena due to its vast applications in biological fluids. It is impractical to review extremely large number of publications in the field of kinetics of complex biological fluids and cosmetic solutions on diverse surfaces. Therefore, biological and cosmetic applications of wetting and spreading dynamics are considered in the following areas: (i) Spreading of Newtonian liquids in the case of non-porous and porous substrates. It is shown that the spreading kinetics of a Newtonian droplet on non-porous and porous substrate can be defined through theoretical relations for droplet base radius on time, which agree well with the experimental results; (ii) Spreading of blood over porous substrates. It is shown that blood, which has a complex non-Newtonian rheology, can be successfully modelled with the help of simple power-law model for shear-thinning non-Newtonian liquids; (iii) Simultaneous spreading and evaporation kinetics of blood. This part enlightens different underlying mechanisms present in the wetting, spreading, evaporation and dried pattern formation of the blood droplets on solid substrates; (iv) Spreading over hair. In this part the wetting of hair tresses by aqueous solutions of two widely used by industry commercially available polymers, AculynTM 22 and AculynTM 33, are discussed. The influence of non-Newtonian rheology of these polymer solutions on the drainage of foams produced from these solutions is also briefly discussed.
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Ali N, Jamil A, Shah SWA, Shah I, Ahmed G. Spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of rind of Punica granatum Linn. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:97. [PMID: 28173798 PMCID: PMC5297190 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rind of Punica granatum is traditionally used in treatment of abdominal cramps and various GIT disorders. So far spasmolytic activity of rind of Punica granatum has been reported using in vitro model. However, its mode of action is not explored yet. Therefore, the current work describes the possible mode of action for spasmolytic activity of methanolic extract of rind of Punica granatum (Pg. Cr). Acute toxicity study is also performed to determine its safe dose range. METHODS Rind of Punica granatum was subjected to shade drying. Shade dried materials were pulverized using conventional grinder. Grinded materials were macerated in commercial grade methanol. The extract of rind of P. granatum was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Rabbits' jejunal preparations were mounted in organ bath containing 10 ml Tyrode's solution, constantly aerated with carbogen gas. Pg. Cr was tested on spontaneous rabbits' jejunal preparations in concentrations 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml. Pg. Cr was also tested on KCl (80 mM)-induced contractions in rabbits' jejunal preparations. Since we observed spasmogenic activity for the first time, hence we also determined the effects of Pg. Cr in presence of atropine (0.03 μM). Pg. Cr was also tested in presence of 0.03 μM of loratadine HCl. Pg. Cr was also tested on barium chloride induced contractions. Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) were constructed in the absence and presence of test samples of Pg. Cr in decalcified tissues to explore its possible mode of action. Acute toxicity screening was also performed to determine its safe dose range. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. However, Pg. Cr tested negative for alkaloids and triterpenoids. Pg. Cr was safe up to 100 mg/kg with its LD50 = 1305 mg/kg. Its respective EC50, in the absence and presence of atropine, were 9.7 ± 0.3 and 3.12 ± 0.45 mg/ml. In the presence of 0.02 and 0.08 μM of loratadine HCl, respective EC50 were 5.6 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.15 mg/ml. EC50 for relaxant effects on KCl-induced contractions was 8.6 ± 1 mg/ml. In the presence of 0.3 mg/ml of Pg. Cr, a right shift was observed with EC50 (log [Ca++]M) = -1.8 ± 0.09 vs. control EC50 -2.6 ± 0.01. Similarly, EC50 for verapamil (0.1 μM) was -2.4 ± 0.011vs. control EC50= -2.4 ± 0.01. The right shift of P. granatum resembled the right shift of verapamil suggesting for inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels. CONCLUSIONS P. granatum is safe up to 100 mg/kg. In low concentrations, P. granatum produced spasmogenic activity possibly through involvement of cholinergic and histaminergic receptors. The spasmolytic action may follow inhibition of the voltage gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Jamil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Khyber Girls Medical College, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Assistant Director, Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ahmed S, Hafez H, El Nadi E, Labib R, Younes A, Ahmed G, Zaghloul M, Taha H, El Haddad A. Effect of delaying local control radiotherapy on outcome of localized pediatric bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elger W, Wyrwa R, Ahmed G, Meece F, Nair HB, Santhamma B, Killeen Z, Schneider B, Meister R, Schubert H, Nickisch K. Estradiol prodrugs (EP) for efficient oral estrogen treatment and abolished effects on estrogen modulated liver functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:305-311. [PMID: 27449818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral compared to parenteral estrogen administration is characterized by reduced systemic but prominent hepatic estrogenic effects on lipids, hemostatic factors, GH-/IGF I axis, angiotensinogen. In order to avoid such adverse metabolic effects of oral treatment, estradiol (E2) prodrugs (EP) were designed which bypass the liver tissue as inactive molecules. Carbone17-OH sulfonamide [-O2-NH2] substituted esters of E2 (EC508, others) were synthesized and tested for carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) binding. CA II in erythrocytes is thought to oppose extraction of EP from portal vein blood during liver passage. Ovariectomized (OVX, day minus 14) rats were orally treated once daily from day 1-3. Sacrifice day 4. Uteri were dissected and weighed. Cholesterol fractions and angiotensinogen were determined in plasma. Oral E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) generated dose related uterine growth and important hepatic estrogenic effects. EP induced uterine growth at about hundred-fold lower doses. This was possible with almost absent effects on plasma cholesterol or angiotensinogen. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies with EC508 used intravenous and oral administration in male rats. Resulting blood levels revealed complete oral bioavailability. Further high blood- but low plasma concentrations indicated erythrocyte binding of EC508 in vivo as potential mechanism of low extraction at liver passage. Very high systemic estrogenicity combined with markedly lower or absent adverse hepatic estrogenic effects is evidence for a systemic release of E2 from sulfonamide EP. In conclusion, tested oral EP bypass the liver in erythrocytes furnishing systemic estradiol at hydrolysis. This mechanism avoids the hepatic estrogenic impact of conventional oral estrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elger
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - R Wyrwa
- Innovent e.V., Prüssingstraße 27B, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - G Ahmed
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - F Meece
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - H B Nair
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - B Santhamma
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Z Killeen
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - B Schneider
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - R Meister
- Beuth University of Applied Science, Luxemburger Str. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Nickisch
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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Ali S, Hamiz-ul-Fawwad S, Al-Ibran E, Ahmed G, Saleem A, Mustafa D, Hussain M. Clinical and demographic features of burn injuries in karachi: a six-year experience at the burns centre, civil hospital, Karachi. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2016; 29:4-9. [PMID: 27857643 PMCID: PMC5108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with 195,000 deaths annually. This study was conducted to identify the demographics of burn victims and the effect of different variables on the outcome of their injuries. 4016 patients admitted to the Burns Centre, Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2006 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics, burn injury details and their outcome were recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire. Injuries were categorized as: fire, chemical, scald or electrical. To estimate total body surface area (TBSA) burned in adults, the rule of nines was used. For children and infants, the Lund-Browder chart was employed. SPSS v16.0 software was used for analysis. Frequencies and percentages of all variables, and the measure of central tendencies and dispersion for continuous variables were calculated. Cross tabs were used to assess mortality. Mean age was 28.13 years. More than half of the cases (n=2337, 58.2%) were aged between 16-30 years. Labourers, housewives and students were the most commonly affected groups. Burn injuries by flame/fire and electricity were most common. Most cases were accidental, followed by suicide attempts and homicides. Mean percentage of TBSA affected was 35.49%. Mean duration of hospital stay was 16.45 days. 50.6% of the expired cases were females. The mean age of expired patients was 30.07 while for patients who survived it was 27.01 years. The outcome of burn injuries is related to various demographic factors. Female gender, increasing age, burn injuries following suicide attempts and greater surface area involvement predict poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Ali
- Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - E. Al-Ibran
- Burns Unit, Civil Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - G. Ahmed
- Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - M. Hussain
- Department of Biostatistics and Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Burman MGK, Ahmed G, Potter JL, White VLC, Jayasekera N, Kunst H. S39 Preliminary Results of a Latent Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment Project and the Role of TB Services in Secondary Care. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ali N, Jamil A, Shah SWA, Shah I, Ahmed G, Junaid M, Ahmed Z. Parasiticidal and brine shrimp cytotoxicity potential of crude methanolic extract of rind of Punica granatum Linn against round worms and tape worms. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:959-962. [PMID: 26004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rind of Punica granatum is traditionally used for anthelmintic purposes. The current work describes the possible anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extract of Punica granatum (Pg. Cr) against round worms (Ascaridia galli) and the tape worms (Raillietina spiralis). Brine shrimp cytotoxicity is also performed. Brine shrimp cytotoxic activity was tested using different concentrations (1000 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL) of Pg.Cr. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Pg. Cr was determined against the parasites using albendazole and piperazine citrate as standard anthelmintic drugs in concentration 10 mg/ml. LC50 value for Brine shrimp cytotoxicity was 189.44 ±28 μg/mL. In test concentration of 40mg/ml of the Pg. Cr, Raillietina spiralis was paralyzed in 23 minutes. However, for parasiticidal activity (death of the parasite), it took less time (40 minutes) as compared to standard Albendazole. Time taken for death of the parasite Raillietina spiralis, in concentration 40 mg /ml, is 40 min. While standard drugs took more time to kill the Raillietina spiralis. Pg. Cr took 19 minutes to paralyze the Ascaridia galli at concentration 40 mg/ml whereas; it took 48 minutes for to kill the parasite Ascaridia galli. The current work confirms the traditional use of rind of Punica granatum as anthelmintic against Raillietina spiralis and Ascaridia galli. Results of brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay warrant for the isolation of cytotoxic compounds. List of abbreviation- Pg. Cr = Crude methanolic extract of Punica granatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Jamil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
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Ali N, Alam H, Khan A, Ahmed G, Shah WA, Nabi M, Junaid M. Antispasmodic and antidiarrhoeal activity of the fruit of Rosa moschata (J). BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:485. [PMID: 25494624 PMCID: PMC4302081 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The fruit of Rosa moschata has traditionally been used for the treatment of abdominal spasm and diarrhoea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate mechanism(s) responsible for its medicinal use in gut spasm and diarrhea. Methods Hydro-methanolic extract of Rosa moschata (Rm.Cr) was studied in isolated rabbit’s jejunal preparations for possible antispasmodic activity. Based upon in vitro relaxant activity in isolated gut preparations, in vivo antidiarrheal activity was carried out in mice to confirm its antidiarrheal effect. Acute toxicity study was performed to determine safe dose range before in vivo experiments. Results In isolated rabbits’ jejunal preparations, Rm.Cr inhibited the spontaneous and high K+-induced contractions with respective EC50 values of 0.66 (0.44-0.97; n = 5) and 2.28 mg/mL (1.43-3.62; n = 5), like that of verapamil. This suggests the presence of calcium channel blocking (CCB) activity as a possible mode of action. The Ca++ channel blocking activity was further confirmed when pre-treatment of isolated jejunums with Rm.Cr (1-5 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in the Ca++ concentration-response curves (CRCs), similar to verapamil. Rm.Cr was safe up to 2000 mg/kg for in vivo acute toxicity. Rm.Cr provided 55% and 80% protection from diarrhoea in respective doses of 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. These data indicates that the crude extract of Rosa moschata possesses Ca++ antagonist-like constituent(s), which explains its inhibitory effect on gut motility; a mechanism that underlies its antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities. Conclusion The study shows that the crude extract of fruits of Rosa moschata possesses antispasmodic effects mediated possibly through voltage gated Ca++ channel blockade, which provides sound pharmacological base to its medicinal use in gut spasms and diarrhoea, though additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out.
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Ali N, Shah SWA, Ahmed G, Shah I, Shoaib M, Junaid M, Ali W. Acute toxicity and antispasmodic activities of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:309-315. [PMID: 24577920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since Achillea wilhelmsii is used as antispasmodic in traditional medicine, we conducted our current work to investigate its rationale on scientific grounds. Acute toxicity studies of crude methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii (Aw. CMeOH) is also performed. Effect of Aw. CMeOH and its fractions were tested on isolated sections of rabbits' jejunum at test concentrations 0.01, 0.03, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10mg/ml. The test extracts, in similar concentrations, were also tested on KCl-induced contractions. Calcium chloride curves were constructed for those fractions which relaxed KCl induced contractions in the absence and presence of the test samples to investigate its possible mode of action through calcium channels. Aw. CMeOH tested positive for flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and proteins. LD(50) for acute toxicity studies is 2707±12.6 mg/kg. Mean EC(50) values for Aw. CMeOH on spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions are 3.41±0.18 (2.56-3.8, n=6) and 0.68±0.05 (0.6-0.85, n=6) mg/ml, respectively. Respective EC(50) values for n-hexane fraction on spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions are 3.06±0.08 (2.8-3.3, n=6) and 1.68±0.8 (1.4-1.9, n=6) mg/ml, respectively. Corresponding EC(50) (mg/ml) values for chloroformic, ethylacetate and aqueous fractions of Achillea wilhelmsii on spontaneous rabbits' jejunum preparations are 4.8±0.2 (4.41-5.63, n=6), 5.07±0.15 (4.7-5.58, n=6) and 5.2±0.13 (4.91-5.64, n=4), respectively. Constructing calcium chloride curves, in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml of Aw. CMeOH, mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) is-1.98±0.03 (-1.89-2.05, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)])-2.41±0.02 (-2.32-2.44, n=6). Mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) for 0.3 mg/ml n-hexane fraction is-1.76±0.05 (-1.70 -1.93, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.18±0.07 (-2.0-2.46, n=6). While in the presence of chloroformic fraction (3 mg/ml), mean EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value is -2.4±0.1 (-2.78 -2.9, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.70±0.05 (-2.5-2.8, n=6). Mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) for ethyl acetate fraction (1 mg/ml) is-1.94±0.07 (-1.75-2.05, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.69±0.04 (-2.57-2.79, n=6). Mean EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value for residual aqueous fraction (3 mg/ml) is-1.8±0.3 (-1.71-1.84, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) -2.6±0.04 (-2.59-2.76, n=6). Whereas, the verapamil (0.1µM) EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) is-1.7±0.1 (-1.6-1.8, n=6) vs. control EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)])- 2.4±0.09 (-2.3-2.47, n=6). The present research work confirms that the intestinal relaxation effect of Achillea wilhelmsii is supporting its traditional use as antispasmodic. The plant species can be a source for calcium antagonist(s), which can preferably be isolated from n-hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan / Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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Patil VM, Chakarborty S, Kumar MS, Geetha M, Dev S, Samuel S, Ahmed G, Nayanar SK, Vineetha R, Nair CK. An audit of febrile neutropenia cases from a rural cancer center in India. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:487-90. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ali N, Aleem U, Ali Shah SW, Shah I, Junaid M, Ahmed G, Ali W, Ghias M. Acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, anthelmintic and relaxant potentials of fruits of Rubus fruticosus Agg. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:138. [PMID: 23773797 PMCID: PMC3688410 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Rubus fruticosus is used in tribal medicine as anthelmintic and an antispasmodic. In the current work, we investigated the anthelmintic and antispasmodic activities of crude methanol extract of fruits of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of the extract were also performed. Methods Acute toxicity study of crude methanol extract of R. fruticosus was performed on mice. In vitro Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was performed on shrimps of Artemia salina. In vitro Anthelmintic activity was tested against Raillietina spiralis and Ascaridia galli. Relaxant activities were tested on spontaneous rabbits’ jejunal preparations. Calcium chloride curves were constructed to elucidate possible mode of action of the extract. Results LD 50 of the extract for acute toxicity studies was 887.75 ± 9.22 mg/ml. While CC 50 of the extract for Brine shrimps cytotoxicity assay was 13.28 ± 2.47 μg/ml. Test samples of crude methanolic extract of R. fruticosus (Rf.Cr) at concentration 20 mg/ml showed excellent anthelmintic activity against Raillietina spiralis. Anthelmintic activity was 1.37 times of albendazole against the Raillietina spiralis at concentration 40 mg/ml. At higher concentration (40 mg/ml), Rf.Cr has 89. 83% parasiticidal activity. The mean EC50 relaxation activity for spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions was 7.96 ± 0.1 and 6.45 ± 0.29 mg/ml, respectively. EC 50 (Log[Ca++]M) for control calcium chloride curves was −1.75 ± 0.01 vs. EC 50 −1.78 ± 0.06 in the presence of 3.0 mg/ml of Rf.Cr. Similarly, EC 50(Log[Ca++]M) in the absence and presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) were −2.46 ± 0.01 and −1.72 ± 0.02, respectively. Conclusions The anthelmintic and relaxant activities explained traditional uses of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Relaxant activity follows the inhibition of voltage gated channels. Although the plant extract has cytotoxic effects, yet it is evident from acute toxicity study that it is safe in concentration 100 mg/kg. Further work is required to isolate pharmacologically active compounds.
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Ali N, Shah I, Shah SWA, Ahmed G, Shoaib M, Junaid M, Ali W, Ahmed Z. Antioxidant and relaxant activity of fractions of crude methanol extract and essential oil of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:96. [PMID: 23642022 PMCID: PMC3656809 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The current work is an attempt to know about additional chemical profile of Artemisia macrocephala. Antioxidant activity is performed as the plant is reported to contain flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity in general. Relaxant activity of fractions of crude methanol extract is performed to know in which fraction(s) the relaxant constituents concentrate as we have already reported that its crude methanol has relaxant activity. Antispasmodic activity of essential oil is also performed as the plant is rich with essential oil. Methods Phytochemical profile of the plant is performed. Free radical scavenging activity was performed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Relaxation activity tests of fractions and essential oil of Artemisia macrocephala were performed on sections of rabbits’ jejunum. Calcium chloride curves were constructed to investigate the mode of action of plant extracts and its essential oil. Results We detected carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins in A. macrocephala. At concentration 0.005 mg/ml, free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was 121.5 ± 2.02% of ascorbic acid. n- hexane fraction relaxed spontaneous activity with EC50 0.74 ± 0.04 mg/ml. Essential oil relaxed spontaneous activity with EC50 0.8 ± 0.034 mg/ml. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions relaxed both spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions suggesting its possible mode through calcium channels. Constructing calcium chloride curves, the test fractions showed a right shift in the EC50. Essential oil at concentration 0.1 mg/ml produced right shift with EC50 (log [Ca++]M) -2.08 ± 0.08 vs. control with EC50 -2.47 ± 0.07. The curve resembled the curves of verapamil, which caused a right shift at 0.1 μM, with EC50 -1.7 ±0.07 vs. control EC50 (log [Ca++]M) -2.45 ± 0.06. Conclusions Crude methanol and its fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol) are rich sources of antioxidant constituents. The relaxing constituents following calcium channel blocking mechanisms are more concentrated in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions that warrant isolation.
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Alhaboob A, Ahmed G. Azathioprine and aspirin in treatment of childhood primary arterial stroke: therapeutic benefits and side effects. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363719 DOI: 10.1186/cc10908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ali N, Ali Shah SW, Shah I, Ahmed G, Ghias M, Khan I, Ali W. Anthelmintic and relaxant activities of Verbascum Thapsus Mullein. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:29. [PMID: 22463730 PMCID: PMC3350428 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Verbascum thapsus is used in tribal medicine as an antispasmodic, anti-tubercular agent and wormicide. In this study, we investigated the antispasmodic and anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous methanolic extract of the plant. Methods V. thapsus extracts were tested against roundworms (Ascaridia galli) and tapeworms (Raillietina spiralis). Each species of worm was placed into a negative control group, an albendazole treatment group, or a V. thapsus treatment group, and the time taken for paralysis and death was determined. In addition, relaxation activity tests were performed on sections of rabbit's jejunum. Plant extracts were tested on KCl-induced contractions and the relaxation activities were quantified against atropine. V. thapsus calcium chloride curves were constructed to investigate the mode of action of the plant extracts. Results We detected flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and fixed oils in V. thapsus. For both species of worm, paralysis occurred fastest at the highest concentration of extract. The relative index values for paralysis in A. galli were 4.58, 3.41 and 2.08, at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml of plant extract, respectively. The relative index for death in A. galli suggested that V. thapsus extract is wormicidal at high concentration. Similarly, the relative indexes for paralysis and death in R. spiralis suggested that the extract is a more potent wormicidal agent than albendazole. The mean EC50 relaxation activity values for spontaneous and KCl induced contractions were 7.5 ± 1.4 mg/ml (6.57-8.01, n = 6) and 7.9 ± 0.41 mg/ml (7.44-8.46, n = 6), respectively. The relaxation activity of the extract was 11.42 ± 2, 17.0 ± 3, 28.5 ± 4, and 128.0 ± 7% of the maximum observed for atropine at corresponding concentrations. The calcium chloride curves showed that V. thapsus extracts (3 mg/ml), had a mean EC50 (log molar [calcium]) value of -1.9 ± 0.06 (-1.87 - -1.98, n = 6) vs. control EC50 = -2.5 ± 0.12 (-2.37 - -2.56, n = 6), whereas the verapamil (0.1 μM) EC50 was -1.7 ± 0.1 (-1.6 - -1.8, n = 6) vs. control EC50 = -2.4 ± 0.09 (-2.3 - -2.47, n = 5). Conclusions Our results suggest that V. thapsus, which is currently used by some tribes in the Malakand region of Pakistan, has anthelmintic and antispasmodic value.
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Ali MS, Ali MI, Ahmed G, Afza N, Lateef M, Iqbal L, Wafo AFK, Ahmed Z. Potent Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Flavanone and Chalcone from Erythrina mildbraedii Harms (Fabaceae) of Cameroon. Z Naturforsch B 2012. [DOI: 10.5560/znb.2012.67b0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ali N, Shah SWA, Shah I, Ahmed G, Ghias M, Khan I. Cytotoxic and anthelmintic potential of crude saponins isolated from Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch and Teucrium Stocksianum boiss. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11:106. [PMID: 22051373 PMCID: PMC3270000 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponins isolated from plant sources have a number of traditional and industrial applications. Saponins have pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitussive and cytotoxic activities. The current work describes the anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of crude saponins of Achillea Wilhelmsii and Teucrium Stocksianum as these plants are rich with saponins. METHODS Brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of crude saponins was determined by Meyer et al. (1982) at test concentrations of 1000 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 7.5 μg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml and 1.25 μg/ml. Percentage mortality of test concentrations was determined. Similarly, in vitro anthelmintic activity was determined against roundworms, tapeworms and earthworms. Albendazole and piperazine citrate at concentration 10 mg/ml were used as standard anthelmintic drugs. RESULTS Crude saponins of Achillea wilhelmsii (CSA) and Teucrium stocksianum (CST) had, respectively, cytotoxic activity with LC50 values 2.3±0.16 and 5.23±0. 34 μg/ml. For in vitro anthelmintic activity, time for paralysis and death of parasites (parasiticidal activity) was noted. At concentration 40 mg/ml, crude saponins of Achillea wilhelmsii are 1.96 and 2.12 times more potent than albendazole against Pheretima posthuma and Raillietina spiralis, respectively. Similarly, at concentration 40 mg/ml, crude saponins of Teucrium stocksianum (CST) has 1.89, 1.96 and 1.37 times more parasiticidal activity than albendazole against Pheretima posthuma, Raillietina spiralis and Ascardia galli, respectively. CONCLUSION Crude saponins of Achillea wilhelmsii and Teucrium stocksianum have cytotoxic and anthelmintic activity. The crude saponins may be excellent sources of cytotoxic and anthelmintic constituents that warrant its isolation and purification for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
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Ali N, Ahmed G, Ali Shah SW, Shah I, Ghias M, Khan I. Acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity and relaxant activity of fruits of callistemon citrinus curtis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11:99. [PMID: 22024247 PMCID: PMC3216858 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callistemon citrinus Curtis belongs to family Myrtaceae that has a great medicinal importance. In our previous work, fruits of Callistemon citrinus were reported to have relaxant (antispasmodic) activity. The current work describes the screening of fractions of the crude methanol extract for tracing spasmolytic constituents so that it shall help us for isolation of bioactive compounds. Acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity of crude methanol extract are also performed to standardize it. METHODS The crude methanol extract was obtained by maceration with distilled water (500 ml) three times and fractionated successively with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol (300 ml of each solvent). Phytochemical analysis for crude methanol extract was performed. Acute toxicity studies were performed in mice. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity studies were performed to determine its cytotoxicity and standardize it. In other series of experiments, rabbits' jejunum preparations were used in screening for possible relaxant activities of various fractions. They were applied in concentrations of 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml on spontaneous rabbits' jejunum preparations. In similar fashion, fractions were also tested on KCl (80 mM) -induced contractions. Calcium chloride curves were constructed in K-rich Tyrode's solution. The effects of various fractions were tested on calcium chloride curves at concentrations 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml. Curves of verapamil used as reference drug at concentration 0.1 μM and 0.3 μM were also constructed. The curves were compared with their respective controls for possible right shift. RESULTS Methanol extract tested strongly positive for saponins and tannins. However, it tested mild positive for presence of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. LD(50) value for crude methanol extract is 476.25 ± 10.3 (470-481, n = 4) mg/ml. Similarly, EC(50) value for brine shrimp cytotoxicity is 65.5 ± 7.28 (60.8- 69.4, n = 4) mg/ml. All the fractions relaxed the spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions. EC(50) values (mg/ml) for effects of ethyl acetate fraction on spontaneous and KCl induced contractions are 2.62 ± 0.78 (2.15-3.0, n = 4) and 3.72 ± 0.86 (3.38-4.28, n = 4) respectively. Respective EC(50) values (mg/ml) for n-butanol fraction are 3.59 ± 0.2(3.07-3.9, n = 4) for spontaneous, and 5.57 ± 0.2 (5.07-6.11, n = 4) for KCl- induced contractions. EC(50) value for control calcium chloride curve (without extract) is -2.73 ± 0.19 (-2.6 - -2.81, n = 4) while EC(50) for curves treated with 5.0 mg/ml of chloroform is -2.22 ± 0.02 (-2.16 - -2.3, n = 4). EC(50) value for ethyl acetate treated (1.0 mg/ml) tissues is -1.95 ± 0.10 (-1.88 - -2.0, n = 4) vs. control EC(50) = -2.71 ± 0.08 (-2.66 - -2.76, n = 4). All the fractions, except n-hexane, showed a right shift like that of verapamil (EC(50) = -1.72 ± 0.15 (-1.62 - -1.8, n = 4) vs. Control EC(50) = -2.41 ± 0.06 (-2.38 - - 2.44, n = 4), a standard drug that blocks voltage operated calcium channels. CONCLUSION Relaxant constituents were more concentrated in ethylacetate fraction followed by chloroform, n -butanol and aqueous fractions that warrant for its isolation. The crude methanol extract is safe at concentration 250 mg/ml or below and results of brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay imply the plant specie may be a source of cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
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Britt-Compton B, Lin TT, Ahmed G, Weston V, Jones RE, Fegan C, Oscier DG, Stankovic T, Pepper C, Baird DM. Extreme telomere erosion in ATM-mutated and 11q-deleted CLL patients is independent of disease stage. Leukemia 2011; 26:826-30. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ahmed G, Sharma Y, Ahuja B. Electronic properties of PbCl2 and PbBr2 using Compton scattering technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1050-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pape T, Rosenow J, Lewis G, Ahmed G, Walker M, Guernon A, Roth H. TMS-associated neurobehavioral gains during coma recovery. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Koleva B, Ahmed G, Gutzov S, Petkov I. Sol-gel materials doped with 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one: spectroscopic and structural elucidation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 69:587-91. [PMID: 17590388 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopic tools based on reducing-difference procedures for non-polarized and polarized IR-spectra interpretation as well as orientation technique of solids (colloidal suspension in nematic liquid crystal) and UV/vis spectroscopy are applied for investigation of new sol-gel materials with potential optical application of doped organic dye 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (K2) and Sm3+ ions. The results show that during aging of the monoliths Sm3+ forms an unstable complex with K2, [Sm(K2)(2)(H2O2](NO3)(3), which transforms to [Sm(H2O)(6)](3+) one, typical for gel-Sm3+ system. Quantum chemical ab initio and DFT calculations are reported with a view to support experimental IR-characteristic bands of the system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koleva
- University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 1 James Bauchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Ahmed G, Nejmeddine A, Mohamed Issam B. Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: peritoneal hydatidosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:1347. [PMID: 17688673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Habib Bourguiba Hôpital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ahmed G, Koleva B, Gutzov S, Petkov I. Experimental and theoretical spectral properties of ethyl 2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetate doped sol-gel materials: new materials with potential optical application. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cole A, Metzger A, Ahmed G, Brescia MR, Chan R, Wen J, Qin LY, Henderson I. Solid-Phase Synthesis of N-9-Substituted 2,8-Diaminopurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-968224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ahmed
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , University of Reading , Reading , RG6 2AF , England
| | - J. A. Blackman
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , University of Reading , Reading , RG6 2AF , England
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ahmed
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , University of Reading , Reading , RG6 2AF , England
| | - J. A. Blackman
- a J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory , University of Reading , Reading , RG6 2AF , England
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Khadilkar MR, Jiang Y, Al-Dahhan M, Duduković MP, Chou SK, Ahmed G, Kahney R. Investigation of a complex reaction network: I. Experiments in a high-pressure trickle-bed reactor. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690440416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jiang Y, Khadilkar MR, Al-Dahhan M, Duduković MP, Chou SK, Ahmed G, Kahney R. Investigation of a complex reaction network: II. Kinetics, mechanism and parameter estimation. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690440417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ahmed G, Das AM, Shastri GN, Shahidullah M, Brunborg H, Ahmed Z. Sex differentials in morbidity and mortality in rural Botswana and Bangladesh, 1986-87. Rural Demogr 2002; 15:59-72. [PMID: 12343245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Ahmed G, Roy PK, Mamun AN. High frequency shoot regeneration from nodal and shoot tip explants in Holarrhena antidysenterica L. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:1322-4. [PMID: 12018535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Shoot tip and nodal segment explants of Holarrhena antidysenterica when cultured on MS medium containing BAP (1.0-3.0 mg/l) with NAA (0.2-1.0 mg/l) and BAP (1.0-3.0 mg/l) with Kn. (0.2-1.0 mg/l) produced multiple shoots. Maximum multiple shoots was found in MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). Subculture on the same medium resulted in rapid shoot multiplication at an average rate of 16 new shoots per subculture. Addition of urea (100 mg/l) in the medium increased the number of shoots up to 22 per culture. For best rooting, the shoots were excised from the culture flask and implanted individually on half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/l each of IBA, IAA and NAA. After 20 days of transfer on root induction medium 95% rooting was achieved. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. About 90% of plantlets survived under open field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, AERE, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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