Abstract 1554: Functional analysis of human circular RNA_0001587 and its target miRNAs in oral cancer

Oral cancer is the sixth most aggressive malignancy around the world and accounts for 90% of head and neck lesions. It is the most prevalent type of cancer in South Asian countries and contributes to around 25% of all new cancer cases in the region. The involvement of non-coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various disease pathology has been reported. However, their role as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers is still unclear and needs to be further explored. This study was aimed to identify the role of hsa_circ_0001587 and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism in early diagnosis or as a therapeutic target for oral cancer. For this purpose, lists of circRNAs, miRNAs, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were identified from the reported literature. Circinteractome was used to obtain target miRNAs that potentially bind to hsa_circ_0001587. Five miRNAs were selected for further in silico analysis on the basis of maximum target sites. Data were subjected to functional enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, and gene homology studies.Our results showed active participation of both hsa_circ_0001587 and its target miRNAs (miR-548c-3p, miR-520h, miR-1827, miR-607, and miR-579) in oral carcinogenesis via the regulation of genes including AKT, GADD45, PKA, PKC, and CASP8. Dysregulation of these genes disturbed the immune system, signaling pathways, cellular compartment activities, and molecular functions, indicating their role in tumor initiation and progression. Furthermore, it was predicted that hsa_circ_0001587 enhances the expression of genes for the RAS signaling pathway via its sponging effect on miR-548c-3p and miR-607. Noncoding RNAs including hsa_circ_0001587 and target miR-548c-3p and miR-607 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of OSCC. It is therefore suggested that hsa_circ_0001587 and its target miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for oral cancer.

Citation Format: Muhammad Jawad Khan, Ghulam Rabia, Abdullahi Dandare, Hassaan Mehboob Awan, Afraz Ahmad Raja. Functional analysis of human circular RNA_0001587 and its target miRNAs in oral cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1554.

C43 A CASE REPORT OF A GIANT RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM: ROLE OF CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

A giant coronary aneurysm is rare entity and it is defined if the diameter is 4–fold greater the reference vessel diameter or if it is > 20 mm in diameter. We report the case of a 73–years–old man without prior history of cardiac disease, admitted in Emergency Department for abdominal pain with normal ECG. Abdominal CT scan showed no pathological findings. At thoracic level it was reported a suspected pericardial cyst (75x80 mm), with partial compression of right chambers (Fig. 1). Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a giant round cystic–appearance lesion characterized by the presence of an anechoic space with internal echogenic swirling flow pattern at the level of right atrioventricular groove with mild compressive effect on right chambers. (Fig. 2). The color Doppler mode showed a faint signal, without a clear evidence of flow origin. A bubble test with agitated saline contrast medium injected through antecubital vein, shows no evidence of contrast uptake by the mass. In order to better characterize the lesion, we use echocardiographic contrast agent (SonoVue®), which showed a clear pattern of blood flow inside the mass with a probable origin at a very limited region (Fig. 2a–2b). At that level it was also possible to sample an ECG–synchronized systo–diastolic pulse–wave (PW)–Doppler pattern (peak velocity 125 cm/s), typical for a coronary artery flow. According to these echocardiographic findings, we supposed a giant right coronary aneurysm. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography with 3D reconstruction showed a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery at mid–level, preceded by a mild aneurysm of the proximal tract and two small aneurysms of the circumflex artery and diffuse atherosclerosis diseases with significant stenosis on mid left anterior descending artery (LAD). The coronary angiography confirmed the presence of the giant aneurysm in mild tract of right coronary artery preceded by a small one in the proximal tract andthe two small aneurysm of the circumflex artery and a critical stenosis of mid tract of LAD. The patient underwent surgical treatment of the aneurysm and coronary artery bypass graft (Fig. 3). Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography is the best method for coronary artery anatomy and coronary abnormalities. In case of giant coronary abnormalities, the use of echo contrast agent provides further important information about perfusion and/or flow assessment and it helped to clarify the diagnosis.

Abstract 3700: Role of salivary miRNAs and their target genes in oral cancer patients as a potential diagnostic tool

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cancer type worldwide, ranked in among top ten cancers. However, in South Asia, OSCC is at third position in commonly occurring cancer. Pakistan is ranked at tenth level in world but second in South Asia in OSCC. High ratio of cancer suggests that it is a major reason of death around the globe and is mainly because of the late-stage diagnosis. Metastasis of OSCC depends on many environmental and genetic factors including different genes, proteins and non-coding RNAs i.e. miRNAs. In cancer cells, miRNAs express themselves differentially. This differential expression of miRNAs in cancer cells can be explored and is worth considering as a diagnostic biomarker. On account of these facts, this study was designed to aim at detection of miRNAs and their target genes in OSCC through functional and expression analysis. We already have reported a list of miRNAs and their differentially expressed target genes in OSCC along with their functional and network analysis, in an in silico study. To evaluate the role of miRNAs and their target genes in OSCC patients of Pakistan, we measured the expression of four miRNAs; miR-300, miR-27a-3p, miR-340-5p, miR-205-3p with their corresponding target genes; ALB, CDH1, CACNA1, ARID5B, CDKN1A, BCL2, ABL1 in saliva samples of patients (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100). Total RNA was extracted from saliva samples; cDNA was synthesized and real time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression. Preliminary results showed that miRNAs were down regulated in saliva samples of patients as compared to healthy controls. Consequently, target genes of each miRNA were dysregulated in patients. miR-300 targets CDH-1 and ALB and there was a direct relationship of miR-300 with ALB. Both of them were down regulated in OSCC patients. We found a down regulation in the expression of miRNA-27a-3p and its target genes CACNA1I and ARID5B in the saliva samples of patients when compared with the healthy controls. This suggests that there is a direct relationship between the miRNA-27a-3p and its target genes CACNA1I and ARID5B. We identified that miRNA-340-5p targets BCL2 and CDKN1A genes; miR-340-5p was down regulated by targeting both genes and also down regulated their expression, which results in OSCC. miRNA-205-3p targets ABL1 gene and there is direct relationship between the two. Both of them were down regulated in OSCC patients and change in expression leads to OSCC. The change in expression pattern of miRNAs and their target genes suggests a potential diagnostic role of these miRNAs in early detection of OSCC by saliva samples at early stages.

Citation Format: Muhammad Jawad Khan, Andleeb Zahra, Ghulam Rabia, Syeda Aba Ali, Shanza Sahar, Sobia Bibi, M. Qaiser Fatmi. Role of salivary miRNAs and their target genes in oral cancer patients as a potential diagnostic tool [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3700.

Carfilzomib: A Tale of a Heartbreaking Moment: Case Report and Concise Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND

Carfilzomib, a proteasome inhibitor, known as a therapeutical option for people who have already received one or more previous treatments for multiple myeloma, has well known cardiac and systemic adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE

There is evidence supporting that adverse effects are dose dependent, yet there is no known patient phenotype characterized by worse associated consequences, nor are there widely accepted monitoring protocols.

RESULTS

In this article we describe two patients with cardiovascular adverse events related to carfilzomib treatment and their clinical course. Our goal was to present two cases of daily practice, which highlighted the complexity of their management and led to underline how baseline evaluation and close follow-up with echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers, including natriuretic peptides, remain an important tool for the cardiotoxicity surveillance.

CONCLUSION

These reflections should lead to further studies in order to identify high risk patients for cardiovascular adverse event and clarify the real incidence of cardiotoxicity of this drug and adequate follow-up timing. Finally further research is needed to evaluate strategies for prevention and attenuation of cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy.