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Zhong X, Nicolardi S, Ouyang R, Wuhrer M, Du C, van Wezel G, Vijgenboom E, Briegel A, Claessen D. CslA and GlxA from Streptomyces lividans form a functional cellulose synthase complex. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0208723. [PMID: 38557137 PMCID: PMC11022532 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02087-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous growth of streptomycetes coincides with the synthesis and deposition of an uncharacterized protective glucan at hyphal tips. Synthesis of this glucan depends on the integral membrane protein CslA and the radical copper oxidase GlxA, which are part of a presumably large multiprotein complex operating at growing tips. Here, we show that CslA and GlxA interact by forming a protein complex that is sufficient to synthesize cellulose in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified complex produces cellulose chains with a degree of polymerization of at least 80 residues. Truncation analyses demonstrated that the removal of a significant extracellular segment of GlxA had no impact on complex formation, but significantly diminished activity of CslA. Altogether, our work demonstrates that CslA and GlxA form the active core of the cellulose synthase complex and provide molecular insights into a unique cellulose biosynthesis system that is conserved in streptomycetes. IMPORTANCE Cellulose stands out as the most abundant polysaccharide on Earth. While the synthesis of this polysaccharide has been extensively studied in plants and Gram-negative bacteria, the mechanisms in Gram-positive bacteria have remained largely unknown. Our research unveils a novel cellulose synthase complex formed by the interaction between the cellulose synthase-like protein CslA and the radical copper oxidase GlxA from Streptomyces lividans, a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium. This discovery provides molecular insights into the distinctive cellulose biosynthesis machinery. Beyond expanding our understanding of cellulose biosynthesis, this study also opens avenues for exploring biotechnological applications and ecological roles of cellulose in Gram-positive bacteria, thereby contributing to the broader field of microbial cellulose biosynthesis and biofilm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhong
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruochen Ouyang
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chao Du
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Vijgenboom
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ariane Briegel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Claessen
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Liu Y, Jarman JB, Low YS, Augustijn HE, Huang S, Chen H, DeFeo ME, Sekiba K, Hou BH, Meng X, Weakley AM, Cabrera AV, Zhou Z, van Wezel G, Medema MH, Ganesan C, Pao AC, Gombar S, Dodd D. A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids. Cell 2023; 186:4472-4473. [PMID: 37774682 PMCID: PMC10572773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
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3
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Liu Y, Jarman JB, Low YS, Augustijn HE, Huang S, Chen H, DeFeo ME, Sekiba K, Hou BH, Meng X, Weakley AM, Cabrera AV, Zhou Z, van Wezel G, Medema MH, Ganesan C, Pao AC, Gombar S, Dodd D. A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids. Cell 2023; 186:3400-3413.e20. [PMID: 37541197 PMCID: PMC10421625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of US adults have circulating levels of uric acid above its solubility limit, which is causally linked to the disease gout. In most mammals, uric acid elimination is facilitated by the enzyme uricase. However, human uricase is a pseudogene, having been inactivated early in hominid evolution. Though it has long been known that uric acid is eliminated in the gut, the role of the gut microbiota in hyperuricemia has not been studied. Here, we identify a widely distributed bacterial gene cluster that encodes a pathway for uric acid degradation. Stable isotope tracing demonstrates that gut bacteria metabolize uric acid to xanthine or short chain fatty acids. Ablation of the microbiota in uricase-deficient mice causes severe hyperuricemia, and anaerobe-targeted antibiotics increase the risk of gout in humans. These data reveal a role for the gut microbiota in uric acid excretion and highlight the potential for microbiome-targeted therapeutics in hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Bryce Jarman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Hannah E Augustijn
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary E DeFeo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuma Sekiba
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bi-Huei Hou
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiandong Meng
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gilles van Wezel
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Calyani Ganesan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan C Pao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Saurabh Gombar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Atropos Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Ossowicki A, Tracanna V, Petrus MLC, van Wezel G, Raaijmakers JM, Medema MH, Garbeva P. Microbial and volatile profiling of soils suppressive to Fusarium culmorum of wheat. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192527. [PMID: 32070256 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In disease-suppressive soils, microbiota protect plants from root infections. Bacterial members of this microbiota have been shown to produce specific molecules that mediate this phenotype. To date, however, studies have focused on individual suppressive soils and the degree of natural variability of soil suppressiveness remains unclear. Here, we screened a large collection of field soils for suppressiveness to Fusarium culmorum using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a model host plant. A high variation of disease suppressiveness was observed, with 14% showing a clear suppressive phenotype. The microbiological basis of suppressiveness to F. culmorum was confirmed by gamma sterilization and soil transplantation. Amplicon sequencing revealed diverse bacterial taxonomic compositions and no specific taxa were found exclusively enriched in all suppressive soils. Nonetheless, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that two suppressive soils shared an overrepresented bacterial guild dominated by various Acidobacteria. In addition, our study revealed that volatile emission may contribute to suppression, but not for all suppressive soils. Our study raises new questions regarding the possible mechanistic variability of disease-suppressive phenotypes across physico-chemically different soils. Accordingly, we anticipate that larger-scale soil profiling, along with functional studies, will enable a deeper understanding of disease-suppressive microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ossowicki
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vittorio Tracanna
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gilles van Wezel
- Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Craig M, Lambert S, Jourdan S, Tenconi E, Colson S, Maciejewska M, Ongena M, Martin JF, van Wezel G, Rigali S. Unsuspected control of siderophore production by N-acetylglucosamine in streptomycetes. Environ Microbiol Rep 2012; 4:512-21. [PMID: 23760896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron is one of the most abundant elements on earth but is found in poorly soluble forms hardly accessible to microorganisms. To subsist, they have developed iron-chelating molecules called siderophores that capture this element in the environment and the resulting complexes are internalized by specific uptake systems. While biosynthesis of siderophores in many bacteria is regulated by iron availability and oxidative stress, we describe here a new type of regulation of siderophore production. We show that in Streptomyces coelicolor, their production is also controlled by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) via the direct transcriptional repression of the iron utilization repressor dmdR1 by DasR, the GlcNAc utilization regulator. This regulatory nutrient-metal relationship is conserved among streptomycetes, which indicates that the link between GlcNAc utilization and iron uptake repression, however unsuspected, is the consequence of a successful evolutionary process. We describe here the molecular basis of a novel inhibitory mechanism of siderophore production that is independent of iron availability. We speculate that the regulatory connection between GlcNAc and siderophores might be associated with the competition for iron between streptomycetes and their fungal soil competitors, whose cell walls are built from the GlcNAc-containing polymer chitin. Alternatively, GlcNAc could emanate from streptomycetes' own peptidoglycan that goes through intense remodelling throughout their life cycle, thereby modulating the iron supply according to specific needs at different stages of their developmental programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Craig
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie B6a, Liège B-4000, Belgium Walloon Centre for Industrial Biology, Université de Liège/Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium Institute of Biotechnology of Léon, INBIOTEC, Parque Cientifico de Léon, Leon 24006, Spain Microbial Development, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Maheswari PU, Roy S, den Dulk H, Barends S, van Wezel G, Kozlevcar B, Gamez P, Reedijk J. The square-planar cytotoxic [Cu(II)(pyrimol)Cl] complex acts as an efficient DNA cleaver without reductant. J Am Chem Soc 2006. [PMID: 16417347 DOI: 10.1021/ja056970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical nucleases based on the transition-metal ions cleave DNA hydrolytically and/or oxidatively, with or without added reductant. We report here the novel DNA cleavage properties of the highly water-soluble, square-planar [Cu(Hpyrimol)Cl] complex, together with the results of cytotoxicities toward selected cancer cell lines. The copper complex cleaves PhiX174 supercoiled DNA efficiently without any reductant and shows high cytotoxicities toward L1210 murine leukemia and A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cancer cell lines that are sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. The IC50 values obtained for the copper complex in the sensitive cell lines are in the range of cisplatin, and for the cisplatin-resistant leukemia cell line, this value is even better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Uma Maheswari
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Maheswari PU, Roy S, den Dulk H, Barends S, van Wezel G, Kozlevcar B, Gamez P, Reedijk J. The Square-Planar Cytotoxic [CuII(pyrimol)Cl] Complex Acts as an Efficient DNA Cleaver without Reductant. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:710-1. [PMID: 16417347 DOI: 10.1021/ja056970+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical nucleases based on the transition-metal ions cleave DNA hydrolytically and/or oxidatively, with or without added reductant. We report here the novel DNA cleavage properties of the highly water-soluble, square-planar [Cu(Hpyrimol)Cl] complex, together with the results of cytotoxicities toward selected cancer cell lines. The copper complex cleaves PhiX174 supercoiled DNA efficiently without any reductant and shows high cytotoxicities toward L1210 murine leukemia and A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cancer cell lines that are sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. The IC50 values obtained for the copper complex in the sensitive cell lines are in the range of cisplatin, and for the cisplatin-resistant leukemia cell line, this value is even better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Uma Maheswari
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Birkó Z, Sümegi A, Vinnai A, van Wezel G, Szeszák F, Vitális S, Szabó PT, Kele Z, Janáky T, Biró S. Characterization of the gene for factor C, an extracellular signal protein involved in morphological differentiation of Streptomyces griseus. Microbiology (Reading) 1999; 145 ( Pt 9):2245-2253. [PMID: 10517577 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding factor C (facC), an extracellular signal protein involved in cellular differentiation, was cloned from Streptomyces griseus 45H, and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was confirmed by HPLC/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis. The full-length protein consists of 324 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 34,523 Da. The mature extracellular 286 amino acid protein (31,038 Da) is probably produced by cleaving off a 38 amino acid secretion signal sequence. Southern hybridization detected facC in several other Streptomyces strains, but database searches failed to identify a protein with significant homology to factor C. Expression of facC from a low-copy-number vector in S. griseus 52-1 resulted in a phenotypic effect similar to that given by exogenously added factor C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Birkó
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
| | - Andrea Sümegi
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
| | - Andrea Vinnai
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
| | - Gilles van Wezel
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands3
| | - Ferenc Szeszák
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
| | - Sándor Vitális
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
| | - Pál T Szabó
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 8, Hungary2
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 8, Hungary2
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 8, Hungary2
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical School of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98, Hungary1
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