Characterization of Student Drinking Behaviors at the Beginning of the First Academic Year at One University in Southern Italy

It is well recognized that both college and noncollege students are at-risk age groups for alcohol consumption. We investigated the alcohol consumption habits of undergraduate students with an emphasis on binge drinking. Participants (N = 809, 61.2% female) were freshmen attending courses at one of the main universities of southern Italy. They were asked to fill out a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that was administered between October 2017 and January 2018. Nearly 90% of the questioned students reported drinking alcohol during the 12 months before the survey. Among them, 31.4% of female students and 41.5% of male students engaged in binge drinking, mainly once a month; binge drinkers preferred highly alcoholic beverages during parties, underestimated the alcoholic content of their drinks, started drinking alcohol at a younger age than nonbinge drinkers, and drank weekly and between meals. Binge drinkers started smoking earlier than their peers, and a great number of them consumed illicit drugs. Moreover, 30.3% of female and 34.8% of male nonbinge drinkers declared that they consumed 6 or more units of alcohol in one occasion, making them unaware binge drinkers. Furthermore, approximately 50% of students recognized that alcohol consumption has effects similar to those induced by illicit drugs but only considered their peers' drinking behavior to be risky.This study highlights that most students involved in this survey expose themselves to a risky lifestyle by heavy drinking and, most alarmingly, that some of them are not even aware of that.

Computerized long-term trending of respiratory parameters

This paper presents a program that analyzes data recorded from a Puritan-Bennett 7200a mechanical ventilator. The program generates graphs of major ventilatory parameters, as well as the derivatives of the parameters, such as respiratory rate and minute volume with respect to time. The program also creates a series of reports that summarizes setting changes, alarm violations and resets, and lung mechanics maneuvers during the process of respiratory therapy. These graphs and reports provide clinicians with information, which was not captured for review before, in an organized format allowing them to easily identify trends and, in some cases, events that may affect the patient. The results of a clinical study are also presented. The study was designed to determine the effect of routine patient care on the primary and derived respiratory data so that a correct interpretation of the recorded data could be made. The study showed that the data acquisition program was not sensitive to routine bedside activities, and some significant events, such as patient disconnects, are identifiable in a timely manner and with good accuracy.