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Liu W, Holth J, Paranjpe M, Ren X, Shu Y, Murlidharan G, Chung C, Powers A, Peterson E, Ecker A, Hameedi U, Grant K, Kurella V, Kavanagh D, Khwaja O, Hou J, Paul SM, Bales KR, Carter T. Efficacy of a vectorized anti‐tau antibody using systemic dosing of a blood brain barrier penetrant AAV capsid in mouse models of tauopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay Hou
- Voyager Therapeutics Cambridge MA USA
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2
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Mestre H, Hablitz LM, Xavier AL, Feng W, Zou W, Pu T, Monai H, Murlidharan G, Castellanos Rivera RM, Simon MJ, Pike MM, Plá V, Du T, Kress BT, Wang X, Plog BA, Thrane AS, Lundgaard I, Abe Y, Yasui M, Thomas JH, Xiao M, Hirase H, Asokan A, Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain. eLife 2018; 7:40070. [PMID: 30561329 PMCID: PMC6307855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a brain-wide clearance pathway; its impairment contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-β. Influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) depends upon the expression and perivascular localization of the astroglial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Prompted by a recent failure to find an effect of Aqp4 knock-out (KO) on CSF and interstitial fluid (ISF) tracer transport, five groups re-examined the importance of AQP4 in glymphatic transport. We concur that CSF influx is higher in wild-type mice than in four different Aqp4 KO lines and in one line that lacks perivascular AQP4 (Snta1 KO). Meta-analysis of all studies demonstrated a significant decrease in tracer transport in KO mice and rats compared to controls. Meta-regression indicated that anesthesia, age, and tracer delivery explain the opposing results. We also report that intrastriatal injections suppress glymphatic function. This validates the role of AQP4 and shows that glymphatic studies must avoid the use of invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Lauren M Hablitz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Anna Lr Xavier
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyan Zou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tinglin Pu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hiromu Monai
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.,Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giridhar Murlidharan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Virginia Plá
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Benjamin T Kress
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | | | - Benjamin A Plog
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Alexander S Thrane
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yoichiro Abe
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology,School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John H Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hajime Hirase
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.,Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Albright BH, Storey CM, Murlidharan G, Castellanos Rivera RM, Berry GE, Madigan VJ, Asokan A. Mapping the Structural Determinants Required for AAVrh.10 Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Ther 2017; 26:510-523. [PMID: 29175157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective gene delivery to the CNS by intravenously administered adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors requires crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To achieve therapeutic CNS transgene expression, high systemic vector doses are often required, which poses challenges such as scale-up costs and dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. To improve the specificity and efficiency of CNS gene transfer, a better understanding of the structural features that enable AAV transit across the BBB is needed. We generated a combinatorial domain swap library using AAV1, a serotype that does not traverse the vasculature, and AAVrh.10, which crosses the BBB in mice. We then screened individual variants by phylogenetic and structural analyses and subsequently conducted systemic characterization in mice. Using this approach, we identified key clusters of residues on the AAVrh.10 capsid that enabled transport across the brain vasculature and widespread neuronal transduction in mice. Through rational design, we mapped a minimal footprint from AAVrh.10, which, when grafted onto AAV1, confers the aforementioned CNS phenotype while diminishing vascular and hepatic transduction through an unknown mechanism. Functional mapping of this capsid surface footprint provides a roadmap for engineering synthetic AAV capsids for efficient CNS gene transfer with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake H Albright
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Claire M Storey
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giridhar Murlidharan
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Garrett E Berry
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria J Madigan
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Murlidharan G, Crowther A, Reardon RA, Song J, Asokan A. Glymphatic fluid transport controls paravascular clearance of AAV vectors from the brain. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88034. [PMID: 27699236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for gene therapy of CNS disorders. However, host factors that influence the spread, clearance, and transduction efficiency of AAV vectors in the brain are not well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that fluid flow mediated by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels located on astroglial end feet is essential for exchange of solutes between interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid. This phenomenon, which is essential for interstitial clearance of solutes from the CNS, has been termed glial-associated lymphatic transport or glymphatic transport. In the current study, we demonstrate that glymphatic transport profoundly affects various aspects of AAV gene transfer in the CNS. Altered localization of AQP4 in aged mouse brains correlated with significantly increased retention of AAV vectors in the parenchyma and reduced systemic leakage following ventricular administration. We observed a similar increase in AAV retention and transgene expression upon i.c.v. administration in AQP4-/- mice. Consistent with this observation, fluorophore-labeled AAV vectors showed markedly reduced flux from the ventricles of AQP4-/- mice compared with WT mice. These results were further corroborated by reduced AAV clearance from the AQP4-null brain, as demonstrated by reduced transgene expression and vector genome accumulation in systemic organs. We postulate that deregulation of glymphatic transport in aged and diseased brains could markedly affect the parenchymal spread, clearance, and gene transfer efficiency of AAV vectors. Assessment of biomarkers that report the kinetics of CSF flux in prospective gene therapy patients might inform variable treatment outcomes and guide future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Crowther
- Neurobiology Curriculum.,University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center
| | | | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology.,University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center.,Department of Genetics, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Murlidharan G, Sakamoto K, Rao L, Corriher T, Wang D, Gao G, Sullivan P, Asokan A. CNS-restricted Transduction and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Deletion with an Engineered AAV Vector. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2016; 5:e338. [PMID: 27434683 PMCID: PMC5330941 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is emerging as a promising approach to treat central nervous system disorders such as Spinal muscular atrophy, Batten, Parkinson and Alzheimer disease amongst others. A critical remaining challenge for central nervous system-targeted gene therapy, silencing or gene editing is to limit potential vector dose-related toxicity in off-target cells and organs. Here, we characterize a lab-derived AAV chimeric (AAV2g9), which displays favorable central nervous system attributes derived from both parental counterparts, AAV2 and AAV9. This synthetic AAV strain displays preferential, robust, and widespread neuronal transduction within the brain and decreased glial tropism. Importantly, we observed minimal systemic leakage, decreased sequestration and gene transfer in off-target organs with AAV2g9, when administered into the cerebrospinal fluid. A single intracranial injection of AAV2g9 vectors encoding guide RNAs targeting the schizophrenia risk gene MIR137 (encoding MIR137) in CRISPR/Cas9 knockin mice resulted in brain-specific gene deletion with no detectable events in the liver. This engineered AAV vector is a promising platform for treating neurological disorders through gene therapy, silencing or editing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Murlidharan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kensuke Sakamoto
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lavanya Rao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis Corriher
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Murlidharan G, Asokan A. 55. Aquaporins and CSF Flux Are Critical Determinants of AAV Mediated CNS Gene Transfer. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)32864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Vance M, Llanga T, Bennett W, Woodard K, Murlidharan G, Chungfat N, Asokan A, Gilger B, Kurtzberg J, Samulski RJ, Hirsch ML. AAV Gene Therapy for MPS1-associated Corneal Blindness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22131. [PMID: 26899286 PMCID: PMC4761992 DOI: 10.1038/srep22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cord blood transplantation has significantly extended the lifespan of mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1) patients, over 95% manifest cornea clouding with about 50% progressing to blindness. As corneal transplants are met with high rejection rates in MPS1 children, there remains no treatment to prevent blindness or restore vision in MPS1 children. Since MPS1 is caused by mutations in idua, which encodes alpha-L-iduronidase, a gene addition strategy to prevent, and potentially reverse, MPS1-associated corneal blindness was investigated. Initially, a codon optimized idua cDNA expression cassette (opt-IDUA) was validated for IDUA production and function following adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector transduction of MPS1 patient fibroblasts. Then, an AAV serotype evaluation in human cornea explants identified an AAV8 and 9 chimeric capsid (8G9) as most efficient for transduction. AAV8G9-opt-IDUA administered to human corneas via intrastromal injection demonstrated widespread transduction, which included cells that naturally produce IDUA, and resulted in a >10-fold supraphysiological increase in IDUA activity. No significant apoptosis related to AAV vectors or IDUA was observed under any conditions in both human corneas and MPS1 patient fibroblasts. The collective preclinical data demonstrate safe and efficient IDUA delivery to human corneas, which may prevent and potentially reverse MPS1-associated cornea blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Vance
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Telmo Llanga
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Will Bennett
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kenton Woodard
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Giridhar Murlidharan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Neil Chungfat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian Gilger
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU-CVM, Clinical Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew L Hirsch
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Murlidharan G, Rao L, Wang D, Corriher T, Seok-Oh K, Gao G, Jude Samulski R, Tarantal AF, Asokan A. 14. Next Generation AAV Vectors for Limiting Systemic Leakage and Improving Safety Following CNS Administration. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Castellanos Rivera RM, Rao L, Murlidharan G, Corriher T, Asokan A. 194. Lymphatic Transport Mediates Systemic Leakage of Peripherally Administered AAV9 Vectors. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Rao L, Albright BH, Corriher T, Murlidharan G, Asokan A. 42. Differential Transduction Profiles of AAV Vectors in a Mouse Model of Human Glycosylation. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Murlidharan G, Samulski RJ, Asokan A. Biology of adeno-associated viral vectors in the central nervous system. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:76. [PMID: 25285067 PMCID: PMC4168676 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating a spectrum of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering corrective genes to the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as promising tools for clinical gene transfer in a broad range of genetic disorders with neurological manifestations. In the current review, we have attempted to bridge our understanding of the biology of different AAV strains with their transduction profiles, cellular tropisms, and transport mechanisms within the CNS. Continued efforts to dissect AAV-host interactions within the brain are likely to aid in the development of improved vectors for CNS-directed gene transfer applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Murlidharan
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard J Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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