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Nicolodi C, Slominski WH, Parabocz GC, Pericolo S, Da-Col JA, Martendal E. Headspace solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry qualitative screening method for active compounds, adulterants and impurities in ecstasy tablets seized in Northern Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 355:111932. [PMID: 38246066 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the qualitative analysis of compounds in seized ecstasy tablets that can be easily implemented in regular laboratories. HS-SPME with a DVB/CAR/PDMS 50/30 µm fiber was used to extract the ecstasy pills' components, including major and minor ones, in a single extraction/chromatographic run. For HS-SPME, the incubation time (0 min to 30 min), the extraction time (10 min to 40 min) and temperature (40 °C to 80 ºC), the buffer volume (3 mL to 8 mL), the buffer pH (6 to 9) and the NaCl concentration (0 mol/L to 6 mol/L) were evaluated using fractional factorial design. Different split ratios and detector voltages were also evaluated. The optimal compromise between sensitivity and peak resolution was found to be incubation and extraction at 65 ºC for 10 min and 25 min, respectively, 3 mL of pH 9 buffer containing 3 mol/L NaCl, using 40.0 mg of the powdered samples in a 15-mL amber glass vial, and an injection with a split ratio of 1:10 at 260 ºC for 10 min. Under optimal conditions, 44 samples from different seizures were analyzed. Seventy-five compounds were tentatively identified by the proposed method, including active substances, medicines, caffeine, safrole derivatives, synthesis intermediates and solvent residues. The number of tentatively identified compounds per sample varied from 8 to 24, with a mean of 15. Important findings in ecstasy samples, such as norcinamolaurin, α-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-propanamide, α-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropionitrile, acetylsalicylic acid, piperonylonitrile, methyl isobutyl ketone, mesitylene, and 4-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]- 2,6-dimethylphenol, identified with a frequency higher than 10%, are not found in the literature so far. The method precision, based on relative standard deviation of peak areas, ranged from 5% to 15%, depending on the compound. The method was shown to be simple, relatively fast, precise and a powerful tool for the identification of major and minor components in ecstasy tablets in a single analytical cycle, being useful for screening or quantitative purposes, if authentic standards are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nicolodi
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica e Nanomateriais Inorgânicos [Analytical Chemistry and Inorganic Nanomaterials Research Lab], Departamento de Química [Chemistry Department], Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina [Santa Catarina State University], Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - William Henrique Slominski
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica e Nanomateriais Inorgânicos [Analytical Chemistry and Inorganic Nanomaterials Research Lab], Departamento de Química [Chemistry Department], Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina [Santa Catarina State University], Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Gisele Chibinski Parabocz
- Polícia Científica - Superintendência Regional de Joinville [Scientific Police - Joinville Regional Superintendency], Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Suellen Pericolo
- Polícia Científica - Superintendência Regional de Joinville [Scientific Police - Joinville Regional Superintendency], Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Da-Col
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica e Nanomateriais Inorgânicos [Analytical Chemistry and Inorganic Nanomaterials Research Lab], Departamento de Química [Chemistry Department], Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina [Santa Catarina State University], Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Edmar Martendal
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Analítica e Nanomateriais Inorgânicos [Analytical Chemistry and Inorganic Nanomaterials Research Lab], Departamento de Química [Chemistry Department], Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina [Santa Catarina State University], Joinville, SC, Brazil.
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Kalva-Borato DC, Ribas JT, Parabocz GC, Borba LM, Maciel MAS, Santos FAD, Vellosa JCR. Biomarkers in Non-Complicated Pregnancy: Insights About Serum Myeloperoxidase and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018; 127:585-589. [PMID: 30469157 DOI: 10.1055/a-0777-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is characterized by increased innate immune response, with low-grade systemic inflammation. The specific role of MPO during normal pregnancy remains not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of MPO, hs-CRP, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts, in all trimesters of normal human pregnancy compared with non-pregnant controls. In addition, possible fluctuations of MPO according to different inflammatory conditions in the normal gestation were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case-control study (n=84) developed with 63 normal pregnant women and 21 healthy non-pregnant women. Total leukocyte, absolute neutrophils and absolute monocytes count, hs-CRP and MPO were measured in non-pregnant women and normal human pregnancy. They were evaluated according to the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and systemic low grade inflammatory status, which was identified through increased hs-CRP levels. RESULTS MPO levels in the normal pregnant women were not elevated in every 3 trimesters of pregnancy (P=0.456) or in systemic inflammation (P=0.446). The hs-CRP levels, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts are present in higher concentrations in normal pregnant women in relation to non-pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The MPO did not show fluctuations in plasma levels during the 3 trimesters of gestation or in relation to different inflammation conditions. Considering MPO and hs-CRP levels are changed in high cardiovascular risk conditions and MPO levels (unlike hs-CRP) didn't increase during non complicated pregnancy, MPO could be a better biomarker than hs-CRP to monitor these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Kalva-Borato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Josilaine Tonin Ribas
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele Chibinski Parabocz
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Borba
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Margarete Aparecida Salina Maciel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Dos Santos
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Rebuglio Vellosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
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Borato DCK, Parabocz GC, Ribas JT, Netto HP, Erdmann FC, Wiecheteck LD, Manente FA, Mello LRDA, Belló C, dos Santos FA, Borba LM, Vellosa JCR. Biomarkers in Obesity: Serum Myeloperoxidase and Traditional Cardiac Risk Parameters. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:49-54. [PMID: 26797862 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1565093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation, combined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, is common in obesity, providing systemic inflammation that is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Studies have shown serum mieloperoxidase as a potential biomarker and its clinical applicability for evaluating cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the MPO in obese individuals, with or without systemic inflammation and potential cardiovascular risk, as well as correlating MPO with some classic cardiovascular risk parameters. METHODS Inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers, as well as different biochemical and hematological laboratory parameters, were analyzed. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to the presence (hs-CRP>3 mg/L) or absence (hs-CRP<3 mg/L) of systemic inflammation and possible cardiovascular risk. RESULTS MPO was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the obese individuals with systemic inflammation. A significant increase (p<0.05) in the following biochemical parameters: glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, non-HDL, TG/HDL was observed, and a significant decrease (p<0.01) in HDL was observed. Significant increases in the counts of total leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.01), as well as elevated blood pressure (p<0.05), were observed in the group of obese individuals with systemic inflammation. Serum MPO levels were correlated with classic proinflammatory and cardiovascular risk parameters. CONCLUSIONS High serum levels of MPO were observed in obese individuals with hs-CRP above 3 mg/L, which is a classic biomarker for inflammation and cardiovascular risk, suggesting the potential role of MPO in clinical applicability for cardiovascular disease in this population. However, considering that inflammation in obesity appears to manifest as a non-classical mechanism, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of MPO in cardiovascular events in the population with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C K Borato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - G C Parabocz
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - J T Ribas
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - H P Netto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - F C Erdmann
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - L D Wiecheteck
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - F A Manente
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - L R de Almeida Mello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - C Belló
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - F André dos Santos
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - L M Borba
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - J C R Vellosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
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Borato DCK, Parabocz GC, Ribas SRW, Kalva-Filho CA, Borba LM, Ito CAS, Bail L, dos Santos FA, Vellosa JCR. Changes of metabolic and inflammatory markers in HIV infection: glucose, lipids, serum Hs-CRP and myeloperoxidase. Metabolism 2012; 61:1353-60. [PMID: 22480983 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV infection is exacerbated through additional pro-atherogenic mechanisms related to the processes of immune activation, inflammation, coagulation, and the modification of lipoproteins (e.g., particles of high density lipoprotein), contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other laboratory parameters in HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs compared to non-infected individuals. MATERIALS/METHODS The study included 154 volunteers: 47 non-infected individuals (control group - CON), 27 infected and untreated individuals (NTARV group) and 80 treated individuals (TARV group). We analyzed the counts of CD4+ lymphocytes and the viral load of the infected patients, along with the blood count, fasting glucose, total serum cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, MPO and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) of all study participants. RESULTS There were significant increases in glucose, CHOL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the TARV group and significant reductions in the levels of HDL cholesterol for the TARV and NTARV groups. Significantly elevated levels of Hs-CRP were observed only in the TARV group, while levels of MPO were significantly higher in the TARV and NTARV groups compared to the control group. A correlation of MPO with Hs-CRP (r=0.21, p=0.032) was observed for HIV-infected patients, but MPO did not correlate significantly with the other analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS The investigation of early biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation, such as MPO, contributes to the clinical monitoring of HIV-infected individuals. The serum levels of MPO correlated with Hs-CRP and were high in HIV-infected individuals, indicating a possible predictor of cardiovascular events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristyane Kalva Borato
- Paraná State University of Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Uvaranas Campus, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil
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