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Chambers JE, Petrova K, Tomba G, Vendruscolo M, Ron D. ADP ribosylation adapts an ER chaperone response to short-term fluctuations in unfolded protein load. J Cell Biol 2012; 198:371-85. [PMID: 22869598 PMCID: PMC3413365 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201202005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression programs that regulate the abundance of the chaperone BiP adapt the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to unfolded protein load. However, such programs are slow compared with physiological fluctuations in secreted protein synthesis. While searching for mechanisms that fill this temporal gap in coping with ER stress, we found elevated levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylated BiP in the inactive pancreas of fasted mice and a rapid decline in this modification in the active fed state. ADP ribosylation mapped to Arg470 and Arg492 in the substrate-binding domain of hamster BiP. Mutations that mimic the negative charge of ADP-ribose destabilized substrate binding and interfered with interdomain allosteric coupling, marking ADP ribosylation as a rapid posttranslational mechanism for reversible inactivation of BiP. A kinetic model showed that buffering fluctuations in unfolded protein load with a recruitable pool of inactive chaperone is an efficient strategy to minimize both aggregation and costly degradation of unfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Chambers
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - Kseniya Petrova
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Giulia Tomba
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - David Ron
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Froldi F, Ziosi M, Tomba G, Parisi F, Garoia F, Pession A, Grifoni D. Drosophila lethal giant larvae neoplastic mutant as a genetic tool for cancer modeling. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:147-54. [PMID: 19440511 PMCID: PMC2679652 DOI: 10.2174/138920208784340786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila lethal giant larvae (lgl) is a tumour suppressor gene whose function in establishing apical-basal cell polarity as well as in exerting proliferation control in epithelial tissues is conserved between flies and mammals. Individuals bearing lgl null mutations show a gradual loss of tissue architecture and an extended larval life in which cell proliferation never ceases and no differentiation occurs, resulting in prepupal lethality. When tissues from those individuals are transplanted into adult normal recipients, a subset of cells, possibly the cancer stem units, are again able to proliferate and give rise to metastases which migrate to distant sites killing the host. This phenotype closely resembles that of mammalian epithelial cancers, in which loss of cell polarity is one of the hallmarks of a malignant, metastatic behaviour associated with poor prognosis. Lgl protein shares with its human counterpart Human giant larvae-1 (Hugl-1) significant stretches of sequence similarity that we demonstrated to translate into a complete functional conservation, pointing out a role in cell proliferation control and tumorigenesis also for the human homologue. The functional conservation and the power of fly genetics, that allows the researcher to manipulate the fly genome at a level of precision that exceeds that of any other multicellular genetic system, make this Drosophila mutant a very suitable model in which to investigate the mechanisms underlying epithelial tumour formation, progression and metastatisation. In this review, we will summarise the results obtained in these later years using this model for the study of cancer biology. Moreover, we will discuss how recent advances in developmental genetics techniques have succeeded in enhancing the similarities between fly and human tumorigenesis, giving Drosophila a pivotal role in the study of such a complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Froldi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Departments of Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale and Patologia Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
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Tomba G, Stengel M, Schneider WD, Baldereschi A, De Vita A. Supramolecular self-assembly driven by electrostatic repulsion: The 1D aggregation of rubrene pentagons on Au111. ACS Nano 2010; 4:7545-7551. [PMID: 21080665 DOI: 10.1021/nn101884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
At present, organic molecules are among the best candidate "building blocks" for the construction of self-assembling nanoscale devices based on metal substrates. Control of the formation of specific patterns in the submonolayer regime is usually achieved by appropriate choice and/or functionalization of the adsorbates. The effect of this intervention, though, is limited by the typically short-range character of the bonding. We present here a theoretical study on the system rubrene/gold to show that substrate-induced molecular charging can instead determine the assembly on larger scales. DFT calculations and electrostatic considerations are used to discuss the charge transfer at the metal/organic interface. This allows rationalization of previous puzzling experimental results and, in particular, of the unusual molecular gap broadening upon adsorption observed in STS spectra. The self-assembly process is further studied by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. The charged adsorbates are modeled as mutually repulsive standing dipoles, with van der Waals interactions intervening at short distances. The striking resemblance between the experimental STM images and the results of our MD simulations shows that this simple model is able to capture the key effects driving the assembly in this system. The competition between long-range repulsive interactions and short-range attractive forces leads to characteristic and easily recognizable 1D patterns. We suggest that experimental evidence of the presence of similar patterns in other metal/organic systems can provide crucial information on the electronic level alignment at the interface, that is, on the occurrence of charge-transfer processes between metal and organic adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tomba
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, Strand WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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Tomba G, Lingenfelder M, Costantini G, Kern K, Klappenberger F, Barth JV, Ciacchi LC, De Vita A. Structure and Energetics of Diphenylalanine Self-Assembling on Cu(110). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12740-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tomba
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Magalí Lingenfelder
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Klaus Kern
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, 79108 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131
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Fiorani S, Reda G, Cesareo R, Tomba G, Visentin PP. [Hypothyroidism and megacolon]. Minerva Anestesiol 1996; 62:271-5. [PMID: 8999378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 71 years old woman, affected by ischemic heart disease from the age of 50 and by chronic constipation was admitted to the emergency department for drowsiness, intense dyspnea and acute abdominal distension. Laparotomy evidenced a megacolon. Because of the age and sex of the patient the congenital form of the megacolon was ruled out. No one of the more common causes of megacolon was recognized, but a severe hypothyroldism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis was discovered. Treatment with levothyroxine caused a progressive improvement of the general condition of the patient and of the megacolon so that the authors hypothesize that the intestinal pseudo-occlusion was caused by the hypothyroidism. In this paper the authors make a thorough analysis of the literature about the association between hypothyroidism and megacolon. Although many hypothesis have been put forward about the possible pathogenetic association between these two diseases, until now no definitive result has been reached. The authors, moreover, hypothesize that the pleural and pericardial effusion and the peculiar metabolic state characterized by plasma hyponatremia and hyposmolarity, with a constant urinary hyperosmolarity, were also caused by hypothyroidism; in fact the clinical and metabolic conditions improved after levothyroxine therapy. In the end the authors discuss if it is preferable to use tetraiodothyronine or triIodothyronine for the treatment of intense hypothyroidism in a patient in critical clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fiorani
- Divisione di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale S. Pertini, Roma
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