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Wang X, Li W, Marcus J, Pearson M, Song L, Smith K, Terracina G, Lee J, Hong KLK, Lu SX, Hyde L, Chen SC, Kinsley D, Melchor JP, Rubins DJ, Meng X, Hostetler E, Sur C, Zhang L, Schachter JB, Hess JF, Selnick HG, Vocadlo DJ, McEachern EJ, Uslaner JM, Duffy JL, Smith SM. MK-8719, a Novel and Selective O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor That Reduces the Formation of Pathological Tau and Ameliorates Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:252-263. [PMID: 32493725 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.266122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deposition of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau protein in the central nervous system is characteristic of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Tau is subject to O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, and O-GlcNAcylation of tau has been shown to influence tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc moieties, is a novel strategy to attenuate the formation of pathologic tau. Here we described the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of a novel and selective OGA inhibitor, MK-8719. In vitro, this compound is a potent inhibitor of the human OGA enzyme with comparable activity against the corresponding enzymes from mouse, rat, and dog. In vivo, oral administration of MK-8719 elevates brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cell O-GlcNAc levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, positron emission tomography imaging studies demonstrate robust target engagement of MK-8719 in the brains of rats and rTg4510 mice. In the rTg4510 mouse model of human tauopathy, MK-8719 significantly increases brain O-GlcNAc levels and reduces pathologic tau. The reduction in tau pathology in rTg4510 mice is accompanied by attenuation of brain atrophy, including reduction of forebrain volume loss as revealed by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis. These findings suggest that OGA inhibition may reduce tau pathology in tauopathies. However, since hundreds of O-GlcNAcylated proteins may be influenced by OGA inhibition, it will be critical to understand the physiologic and toxicological consequences of chronic O-GlcNAc elevation in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: MK-8719 is a novel, selective, and potent O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-ase (OGA) inhibitor that inhibits OGA enzyme activity across multiple species with comparable in vitro potency. In vivo, MK-8719 elevates brain O-GlcNAc levels, reduces pathological tau, and ameliorates brain atrophy in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. These findings indicate that OGA inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Wang
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Wenping Li
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Jacob Marcus
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Michelle Pearson
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Lixin Song
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Karen Smith
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Julie Lee
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Kwok-Lam Karen Hong
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Sherry X Lu
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Lynn Hyde
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Shu-Cheng Chen
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - David Kinsley
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Jerry P Melchor
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rubins
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Eric Hostetler
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Cyrille Sur
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Lili Zhang
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Joel B Schachter
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - J Fred Hess
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Harold G Selnick
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - David J Vocadlo
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Ernest J McEachern
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Jason M Uslaner
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Joseph L Duffy
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
| | - Sean M Smith
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.W., W.L., J.M., M.P., L.S., K.S., G.T., J.L., K.-L.K.H., S.X.L., L.H., S.-C.C., D.K., J.P.M., D.J.R., X.M., E.H., C.S., L.Z., J.B.S., J.F.H., H.G.S., J.M.U., J.L.D., S.M.S.) and Alectos Therapeutics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (D.J.V., E.J.M.)
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Zhao Z, Pissarnitski DA, Huang X, Palani A, Zhu Z, Greenlee WJ, Hyde LA, Song L, Terracina G, Zhang L, Parker EM. Discovery of a Tetrahydrobenzisoxazole Series of γ-Secretase Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1002-1006. [PMID: 29057041 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new series of tetrahydrobenzisoxazoles as modulators of γ-secretase activity and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) will be detailed. Several compounds are active γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) with good to excellent selectivity for the reduction of Aβ42 in the cellular assay. Compound 14a was tested in vivo in a nontransgenic rat model and was found to significantly reduce Aβ42 in the CNS compartment compared to vehicle-treated animals (up to 58% reduction of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 as measured 3 h after an acute oral dosing at 30 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri A. Pissarnitski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Hastings NB, Wang X, Song L, Butts BD, Grotz D, Hargreaves R, Fred Hess J, Hong KLK, Huang CRR, Hyde L, Laverty M, Lee J, Levitan D, Lu SX, Maguire M, Mahadomrongkul V, McEachern EJ, Ouyang X, Rosahl TW, Selnick H, Stanton M, Terracina G, Vocadlo DJ, Wang G, Duffy JL, Parker EM, Zhang L. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase leads to elevation of O-GlcNAc tau and reduction of tauopathy and cerebrospinal fluid tau in rTg4510 mice. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:39. [PMID: 28521765 PMCID: PMC5437664 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau is a distinct feature of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that are the hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies. O-GlcNAcylation is a lesser known post-translational modification of tau that involves the addition of N-acetylglucosamine onto serine and threonine residues. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the enzyme responsible for the removal of O-GlcNAc modification, has been shown to reduce tau pathology in several transgenic models. Clarifying the underlying mechanism by which OGA inhibition leads to the reduction of pathological tau and identifying translatable measures to guide human dosing and efficacy determination would significantly facilitate the clinical development of OGA inhibitors for the treatment of tauopathies. METHODS Genetic and pharmacological approaches are used to evaluate the pharmacodynamic response of OGA inhibition. A panel of quantitative biochemical assays is established to assess the effect of OGA inhibition on pathological tau reduction. A "click" chemistry labeling method is developed for the detection of O-GlcNAcylated tau. RESULTS Substantial (>80%) OGA inhibition is required to observe a measurable increase in O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the brain. Sustained and substantial OGA inhibition via chronic treatment with Thiamet G leads to a significant reduction of aggregated tau and several phosphorylated tau species in the insoluble fraction of rTg4510 mouse brain and total tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). O-GlcNAcylated tau is elevated by Thiamet G treatment and is found primarily in the soluble 55 kD tau species, but not in the insoluble 64 kD tau species thought as the pathological entity. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that chronic inhibition of OGA reduces pathological tau in the brain and total tau in the CSF of rTg4510 mice, most likely by directly increasing O-GlcNAcylation of tau and thereby maintaining tau in the soluble, non-toxic form by reducing tau aggregation and the accompanying panoply of deleterious post-translational modifications. These results clarify some conflicting observations regarding the effects and mechanism of OGA inhibition on tau pathology, provide pharmacodynamic tools to guide human dosing and identify CSF total tau as a potential translational biomarker. Therefore, this study provides additional support to develop OGA inhibitors as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohai Wang
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, West Point, PA USA
| | - Lixin Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | | | - Diane Grotz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynn Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | | | - Julie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Diane Levitan
- Department of Molecular Biomarkers, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Harold Selnick
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Discovery Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenilworth, NJ USA
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4
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Wu WL, Burnett DA, Clader J, Greenlee WJ, Jiang Q, Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Cohen-Williams ME, Song L, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Nomeir A, Parker EM, Zhang L. Design and synthesis of water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 as γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5836-5841. [PMID: 27836402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe our strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of SCH 900229, a potent PS1-selective γ-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Incorporation of ionizable amino groups into the side chain terminal generates water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 that maintain robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lian Wu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Duane A Burnett
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - John Clader
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - William J Greenlee
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Qin Jiang
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 26 Corporate Cir, Albany, NY 12212, USA
| | - Lynn A Hyde
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | - Lixin Song
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Julie Lee
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric M Parker
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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5
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Mandal M, Wu Y, Misiaszek J, Li G, Buevich A, Caldwell JP, Liu X, Mazzola RD, Orth P, Strickland C, Voigt J, Wang H, Zhu Z, Chen X, Grzelak M, Hyde LA, Kuvelkar R, Leach PT, Terracina G, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Michener MS, Smith B, Cox K, Grotz D, Favreau L, Mitra K, Kazakevich I, McKittrick BA, Greenlee W, Kennedy ME, Parker EM, Cumming JN, Stamford AW. Structure-Based Design of an Iminoheterocyclic β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE) Inhibitor that Lowers Central Aβ in Nonhuman Primates. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3231-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jeffrey Misiaszek
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter Orth
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Corey Strickland
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Johannes Voigt
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Grzelak
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn A. Hyde
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Reshma Kuvelkar
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Prescott T. Leach
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria S. Michener
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brad Smith
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen Cox
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Diane Grotz
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Leonard Favreau
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kaushik Mitra
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Irina Kazakevich
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian A. McKittrick
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William Greenlee
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew E. Kennedy
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jared N. Cumming
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- Department of Global Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Department of Safety Assessment and
Laboratory Animal Research, ∥Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ⊥Department of
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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6
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Zhao Z, Pissarnitski DA, Josien HB, Wu WL, Xu R, Li H, Clader JW, Burnett DA, Terracina G, Hyde L, Lee J, Song L, Zhang L, Parker EM. Discovery of a Novel, Potent Spirocyclic Series of γ-Secretase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8806-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri A. Pissarnitski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hubert B. Josien
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wen-Lian Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruo Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John W. Clader
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Duane A. Burnett
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Julie Lee
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lixin Song
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department
of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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d'Abramo C, Acker CM, Schachter JB, Terracina G, Wang X, Forest SK, Davies P. Detecting tau in serum of transgenic animal models after tau immunotherapy treatment. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:58-65. [PMID: 26508157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the attempt to elucidate if the "peripheral sink hypothesis" could be a potential mechanism of action for tau removal in passive immunotherapy experiments, we have examined tau levels in serum of chronically injected JNPL3 and Tg4510 transgenic animals. Measurement of tau in serum of mice treated with tau antibodies is challenging because of the antibody interference in sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. To address this issue, we have developed a heat-treatment protocol at acidic pH to remove interfering molecules from serum, with excellent recovery of tau. The present data show that pan-tau and conformational antibodies do increase tau in mouse sera. However, these concentrations in serum do not consistently correlate with reductions of tau pathology in brain, suggesting that large elevations of tau species measured in serum are not predictive of efficacy. Here, we describe a reliable method to detect tau in serum of transgenic animals that have undergone tau immunotherapy. Levels of tau in human serum are less than the sensitivity of current assays, although artifactual signals are common. The method may be useful in similarly treated humans, a situation in which false positive signals are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina d'Abramo
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christopher M Acker
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joel B Schachter
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department of Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaohai Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie K Forest
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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8
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Song L, Lu SX, Ouyang X, Melchor J, Lee J, Terracina G, Wang X, Hyde L, Hess JF, Parker EM, Zhang L. Analysis of tau post-translational modifications in rTg4510 mice, a model of tau pathology. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:14. [PMID: 25881209 PMCID: PMC4391670 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubule associated protein tau is the major component of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Tau mutations are associated with frontotemperal dementia with parkinsonism on chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). rTg4510 mice overexpress human tau carrying the P301L FTDP-17 mutation and develop robust NFT-like pathology at 4-5 months of age. The current study is aimed at characterizing the rTg4510 mice to better understand the genesis of tau pathology and to better enable the use of this model in drug discovery efforts targeting tau pathology. RESULTS Using a panel of immunoassays, we analyzed the age-dependent formation of pathological tau in rTg4510 mice and our data revealed a steady age-dependent accumulation of pathological tau in the insoluble fraction of brain homogenates. The pathological tau was associated with multiple post-translational modifications including aggregation, phosphorylation at a wide variety of sites, acetylation, ubiquitination and nitration. The change of most tau species reached statistical significance at the age of 16 weeks. There was a strong correlation between the different post-translationally modified tau species in this heterogeneous pool of pathological tau. Total tau in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) displayed a multiphasic temporal profile distinct from the steady accumulation of pathological tau in the brain. Female rTg4510 mice displayed significantly more aggressive accumulation of pathological tau in the brain and elevation of total tau in CSF than their male littermates. CONCLUSION The immunoassays described here were used to generate the most comprehensive description of the changes in various tau species across the lifespan of the rTg4510 mouse model. The data indicate that development of tauopathy in rTg4510 mice involves the accumulation of a pool of pathological tau that carries multiple post-translational modifications, a process that can be detected well before the histological detection of NFTs. Therapeutic treatment targeting tau should therefore aim to reduce all tau species associated with the pathological tau pool rather than reduce specific post-translational modifications. There is still much to learn about CSF tau in physiological and pathological processes in order to use it as a translational biomarker in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
- Current address: BioDuro, a PPD Company, Beijing, China.
| | - Sherry X Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Xuesong Ouyang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
- Current address: Medical Oncology Department, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Jerry Melchor
- Molecular Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
- Current address: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Julie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Xiaohai Wang
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - J Fred Hess
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric M Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Wu WL, Asberom T, Bara T, Bennett C, Burnett DA, Clader J, Domalski M, Greenlee WJ, Josien H, McBriar M, Rajagopalan M, Vicarel M, Xu R, Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Cohen-Williams ME, Song L, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Nomeir A, Parker EM, Zhang L. Structure activity relationship studies of tricyclic bispyran sulfone γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:844-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Wu WL, Domalski M, Burnett DA, Josien H, Bara T, Rajagopalan M, Xu R, Clader J, Greenlee WJ, Brunskill A, Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Cohen-Williams ME, Song L, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Nomeir A, Parker EM, Zhang L. Discovery of SCH 900229, a Potent Presenilin 1 Selective γ-Secretase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:892-6. [PMID: 24900404 DOI: 10.1021/ml300044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An exploration of the SAR of the side chain of a novel tricyclic series of γ-secretase inhibitors led to the identification of compound (-)-16 (SCH 900229), which is a potent and PS1 selective inhibitor of γ-secretase (Aβ40 IC50 = 1.3 nM). Compound (-)-16 demonstrated excellent lowering of Aβ after oral administration in preclinical animal models and was advanced to human clinical trials for further development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lian Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Martin Domalski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Duane A. Burnett
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hubert Josien
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas Bara
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Murali Rajagopalan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruo Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Clader
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew Brunskill
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn A. Hyde
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert A. Del Vecchio
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mary E. Cohen-Williams
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lixin Song
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Julie Lee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and §Department of
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
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11
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Mandal M, Zhu Z, Cumming JN, Liu X, Strickland C, Mazzola RD, Caldwell JP, Leach P, Grzelak M, Hyde L, Zhang Q, Terracina G, Zhang L, Chen X, Kuvelkar R, Kennedy ME, Favreau L, Cox K, Orth P, Buevich A, Voigt J, Wang H, Kazakevich I, McKittrick BA, Greenlee W, Parker EM, Stamford AW. Design and Validation of Bicyclic Iminopyrimidinones As Beta Amyloid Cleaving Enzyme-1 (BACE1) Inhibitors: Conformational Constraint to Favor a Bioactive Conformation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9331-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jared N. Cumming
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Corey Strickland
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Prescott Leach
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Grzelak
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Reshma Kuvelkar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew E. Kennedy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Leonard Favreau
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen Cox
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter Orth
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Johannes Voigt
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Irina Kazakevich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian A. McKittrick
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Neuroscience, §Global Structural Chemistry, ∥Department of Analytical
Chemistry, ⊥Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, and #Department of Exploratory Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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12
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Sun ZY, Asberom T, Bara T, Bennett C, Burnett D, Chu I, Clader J, Cohen-Williams M, Cole D, Czarniecki M, Durkin J, Gallo G, Greenlee W, Josien H, Huang X, Hyde L, Jones N, Kazakevich I, Li H, Liu X, Lee J, MacCoss M, Mandal MB, McCracken T, Nomeir A, Mazzola R, Palani A, Parker EM, Pissarnitski DA, Qin J, Song L, Terracina G, Vicarel M, Voigt J, Xu R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Zhu X, Zhu Z. Cyclic Hydroxyamidines as Amide Isosteres: Discovery of Oxadiazolines and Oxadiazines as Potent and Highly Efficacious γ-Secretase Modulators in Vivo. J Med Chem 2011; 55:489-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201407j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yue Sun
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Theodros Asberom
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas Bara
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Chad Bennett
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Duane Burnett
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Inhou Chu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Clader
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mary Cohen-Williams
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David Cole
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Czarniecki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James Durkin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gioconda Gallo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hubert Josien
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Irina Kazakevich
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Julie Lee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Malcolm MacCoss
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mihir B. Mandal
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Troy McCracken
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Mazzola
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric M. Parker
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri A. Pissarnitski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jun Qin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lixin Song
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Monica Vicarel
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Johannes Voigt
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruo Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of Structural Chemistry, ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and #Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping
Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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13
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Lee J, Song L, Terracina G, Bara T, Josien H, Asberom T, Sasikumar TK, Burnett DA, Clader J, Parker EM, Zhang L. Identification of presenilin 1-selective γ-secretase inhibitors with reconstituted γ-secretase complexes. Biochemistry 2011; 50:4973-80. [PMID: 21528914 DOI: 10.1021/bi200026m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is one of the major pathologic hallmarks in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Aβ is generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) catalyzed by β- and γ-secretases. Inhibition of Aβ production by γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) is thus being pursued as a target for treatment of AD. In addition to processing APP, γ-secretase also catalyzes proteolytic cleavage of other transmembrane substrates, with the best characterized one being the cell surface receptor Notch. GSIs reduce Aβ production in animals and humans but also cause significant side effects because of the inhibition of Notch processing. The development of GSIs that reduce Aβ production and have less Notch-mediated side effect liability is therefore an important goal. γ-Secretase is a large membrane protein complex with four components, two of which have multiple isoforms: presenilin (PS1 or PS2), aph-1 (aph-1a or aph-1b), nicastrin, and pen-2. Here we describe the reconstitution of four γ-secretase complexes in Sf9 cells containing PS1--aph-1a, PS1--aph-1b, PS2--aph-1a, and PS2--aph-1b complexes. While PS1--aph-1a, PS1--aph-1b, and PS2--aph-1a complexes displayed robust γ-secretase activity, the reconstituted PS2--aph-1b complex was devoid of detectable γ-secretase activity. γ-Secretase complexes containing PS1 produced a higher proportion of the toxic species Aβ42 than γ-secretase complexes containing PS2. Using the reconstitution system, we identified MRK-560 and SCH 1500022 as highly selective inhibitors of PS1 γ-secretase activity. These findings may provide important insights into developing a new generation of γ-secretase inhibitors with improved side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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14
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Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Kazdoba TM, Manning R, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Babu S, Guo T, Tadese D, Zhang L, Parker EM, Stamford AW, Kennedy ME. P3‐299: Chronic administration of a novel BACE inhibitor reduced brain Aβ levels and mature plaques and modestly improved cognition in transgenic CRND8‐APP
swe/ind
mice. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Zhang
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | | | - Tao Guo
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, IncCranbury NJ USA
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
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15
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Hyde LA, Leach PT, Zhang Q, Terracina G, Werner BJ, Hodgson RA, Cantu C, Chen X, Chen M, Misiaszek J, Wu Y, Babu S, Guo T, Tadesse D, Scott J, Li W, Zhang L, Parker EM, Stamford AW, Kennedy ME. P3‐273: Discovery of novel, potent BACE inhibitors with central activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Chen
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | - Maxine Chen
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | | | - Yusheng Wu
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | | | - Tao Guo
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, IncCranbury NJ USA
| | | | - Jack Scott
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | - Wei Li
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth NJ USA
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16
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Shah U, Boyle CD, Chackalamannil S, Baker H, Kowalski T, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang L. Azabicyclic sulfonamides as potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1551-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Vaccaro HA, Zhao Z, Clader JW, Song L, Terracina G, Zhang L, Pissarnitski DA. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of carbamates as gamma-secretase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:56-62. [PMID: 17988101 DOI: 10.1021/cc700100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for parallel liquid-phase synthesis of carbamates suitable for the preparation of sterically hindered molecules is disclosed. The alcohols are converted to 4-nitrophenylcarbonates, followed by the reaction with amines. Side product 4-nitrophenol and the unreacted excess amines are scavenged by appropriately chosen cleanup resins, selected among Amberlyst A26 (hydroxide form) and macroporous sulfonic acid (MP-TsOH) or polystyrene isocyanate (PS-NCO) and polystyrene benzaldehyde (PS-PhCHO) resins. As a part of a medicinal chemistry program directed toward finding gamma-secretase inhibitors as prospective drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease, a 6 x 24 library of carbamates was prepared. Out of 144 library members, 133 had a purity for the targeted compound of 80% or better. The prepared compounds were assessed in the gamma-secretase inhibition assay and demonstrated activity with IC 50 values in the range from 1 microM to 5 nM, with the activity of 7 compounds being better than 10 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Vaccaro
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
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Zhang L, Lee J, Song L, Sun X, Shen J, Terracina G, Parker EM. Characterization of the reconstituted gamma-secretase complex from Sf9 cells co-expressing presenilin 1, nicastrin [correction of nacastrin], aph-1a, and pen-2. Biochemistry 2005; 44:4450-7. [PMID: 15766275 DOI: 10.1021/bi0481500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase catalyzes the proteolytic processing of a number of integral membrane proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. The native gamma-secretase is a heterogeneous population of large membrane protein complexes containing presenilin 1 (PS1) or presenilin 2 (PS2), aph-1a or aph-1b, nicastrin, and pen-2. Here we report the reconstitution of a gamma-secretase complex in Sf9 cells by co-infection with baculoviruses carrying the PS1, nicastrin, pen-2, and aph-1a genes. The reconstituted enzyme processes C99 and the Notch-like substrate N160 and displays the characteristic features of gamma-secretase in terms of sensitivity to a gamma-secretase inhibitor, upregulation of Abeta42 production by a familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutation in the APP gene, and downregulation of Notch processing by PS1 FAD mutations. However, the ratio of Abeta42:Abeta40 production by the reconstituted gamma-secretase is significantly higher than that of the native enzyme from 293 cells. Unlike in mammalian cells where PS1 FAD mutations cause an increase in Abeta42 production, PS1 FAD missense mutations in the reconstitution system alter the cleavage sites in the C99 substrate without changing the Abeta42:Abeta40 ratio. In addition, PS1DeltaE9 is a loss-of-function mutation in both C99 and N160 processing. Reconstitution of gamma-secretase provides a homogeneous system for studying the individual gamma-secretase complexes and their roles in Abeta production, Notch processing and AD pathogenesis. These studies may provide important insight into the development of a new generation of selective gamma-secretase inhibitors with an improved side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
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Zhang L, Lee J, Song L, Terracina G, Parker EM. P4-170 Characterization of reconstituted γ-secretase activity from SF9 cells co-expressing presenilin-1, Pen-2 nicastrin and APH-1. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Palopoli L, Saccà D, Terracina G, Ursino D. A technique for deriving hyponymies and overlappings from database schemes. DATA KNOWL ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-023x(01)00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jin X, Bookstein R, Wills K, Avanzini J, Tsai V, LaFace D, Terracina G, Shi B, Nielsen LL. Evaluation of endostatin antiangiogenesis gene therapy in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:982-9. [PMID: 11781661 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressive growth and metastasis of solid tumors require angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels. Endostatin is a 20-kDa carboxy-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII that has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vectors were constructed, which encoded secreted forms of human and mouse endostatin (HECB and MECB, respectively), and, as a control, human alkaline phosphatase (APCB). Accumulation of endostatin was demonstrated in supernatants of cultured cells infected with the endostatin rAds. These supernatants disrupted tubule formation, inhibited migration and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in human dermal vascular endothelial cells or human vascular endothelial cells. Endostatin-containing supernatants had no effect on the proliferation of MidT2-1 mouse mammary tumor cells in vitro. A pharmacokinetic study of MECB in immunocompetent FVB mice demonstrated a 10-fold increase of serum endostatin concentrations 3 days after intravenous administration of 1x10(10) particles of this rAd (215-257 ng/mL compared to 12-38 ng/mL in control rAd-treated mice). Intravenous administration of MECB reduced b-FGF stimulated angiogenesis into Matrigel plugs by 38%. Intratumoral MECB inhibited growth of MidT2-1 syngeneic mammary tumors in FVB mice, but had minimal impact on the growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast tumors in SCID mice. Intravenous therapy with MECB also initially inhibited growth of MidT2-1 tumors, but this activity was subsequently blocked by induced anti-rAd antibodies. In summary, endostatin gene therapy effectively suppressed angiogenic processes in vitro and in vivo in several model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- Canji Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA. @
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Zhang L, Song L, Terracina G, Liu Y, Pramanik B, Parker E. Biochemical characterization of the gamma-secretase activity that produces beta-amyloid peptides. Biochemistry 2001; 40:5049-55. [PMID: 11305921 DOI: 10.1021/bi0028800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of gamma-secretase have pointed out that it may be comprised of a multisubunit complex with presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 as central components. Elucidation of the biochemical mechanism of this enzymatic activity will provide important information for developing gamma-secretase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Here we describe the biochemical characterization of gamma-secretase activities using a sensitive, membrane-based assay system. Membranes were isolated from 293 cells expressing C99, the substrate of gamma-secretase. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C, C99 is cleaved by the endogenous gamma-secretase, and Abeta peptides are liberated. Abeta40 and Abeta42 gamma-secretase activities are very similar in terms of their kinetic profiles and pH dependence, supporting the notion that a single enzyme is involved in both Abeta40 and Abeta42 production. Pepstatin A inhibited Abeta40 and Abeta42 gamma-secretase activities with similar potency. Peptide difluoroketone and peptide aldehyde inhibitors inhibited Abeta40 production in a dose-dependent fashion, enhanced Abeta42 production at low concentrations, and inhibited Abeta42 production at high concentrations. Although the selective increase of Abeta42 by low concentrations of peptide difluoroketone and peptide aldehyde inhibitors has been reported in intact cells, the finding that this phenomenon occurs in a membrane-based assay system suggests that these compounds increase Abeta42 by a direct effect on gamma-secretase. The ability of these compounds to increase Abeta42 production may reflect allosteric modulation of the gamma-secretase complex by a mechanism related to that responsible for the increase of Abeta42 production by mutations in presenilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Research and Department of Structural Chemistry, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
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Shi B, Yaremko B, Hajian G, Terracina G, Bishop WR, Liu M, Nielsen LL. The farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH66336 synergizes with taxanes in vitro and enhances their antitumor activity in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001; 46:387-93. [PMID: 11127943 DOI: 10.1007/s002800000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SCH66336 is an orally active, farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor. SCH66336 inhibits ras farnesylation in tumor cells and suppresses tumor growth in human xenograft and transgenic mouse cancer models in vivo. The taxanes, paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) block cell mitosis by enhancing polymerization of tubulin monomers into stabilized microtubule bundles, resulting in apoptosis. We hypothesized that anticancer combination therapy with SCH66336 and taxanes would be more efficacious than single drug therapy. METHODS We tested the efficacy of SCH66336 and taxanes when used in combination against tumor cell proliferation in vitro, against NCI-H460 human lung tumor xenografts in nude mice, and against mammary tumors in wap-ras transgenic mice. RESULTS SCH66336 synergized with paclitaxel in 10 out of 11 tumor cells lines originating from breast, colon, lung, ovary, prostate, and pancreas. SCH66336 also synergized with docetaxel in four out of five cell lines tested. In the NCI-H460 lung cancer xenograft model, oral SCH66336 (20 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days) and intraperitoneal paclitaxel (5 mg/kg once daily for 4 days) caused a tumor growth inhibition of 56% by day 7 and 65% by day 14 compared to paclitaxel alone. Male transgenic mice of the wap-ras/F substrain [FVB/N-TgN(WapHRAS)69LlnYSJL] spontaneously develop mammary tumors at 6 9 weeks of age which have been previously shown to be resistant to paclitaxel. Paclitaxel resistance was confirmed in the present study, while SCH66336 inhibited growth of these tumors. Most importantly, SCH66336 was able to sensitize wap-ras/F mammary tumors to paclitaxel chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Clinical investigation of combination therapy using SCH66336 and taxanes in cancer patients is warranted. Further, SCH66336 may be useful for sensitizing paclitaxel-resistant tumors to taxane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shi
- Tumor Biology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Nielsen LL, Gurnani M, Shi B, Terracina G, Johnson RC, Carroll J, Mathis JM, Hajian G. Derivation and initial characterization of a mouse mammary tumor cell line carrying the polyomavirus middle T antigen: utility in the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res 2000; 60:7066-74. [PMID: 11156413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the derivation of novel cell lines from spontaneous mammary tumors that arose in mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus (MMTV-PyV) Middle T (MidT) transgenic mice. Clonal cell lines from four mixed cell populations were tested for adenovirus transducibility and sensitivity to p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy mediated by SCH58500, a replication-deficient adenovirus that expresses human p53. The MidT2-1 cell line was selected for further characterization in vitro and in vivo. This cell line carried the PyV MidT antigen, had wild-type p53 DNA, and was sensitive to suppression of proliferation by MMAC/PTEN tumor suppressor gene therapy. MidT2-1 cells gave rise to highly aggressive tumors in syngeneic FVB mice in both the mammary fat pad and the peritoneal cavity. The histopathology of MidT2-1 tumors closely resembled the histopathology of the primary transgenic tumors. Tumor growth in vivo was inhibited by p53 gene therapy or by MMAC gene therapy. In addition, combination therapy with a number of anticancer agents had synergistic or additive efficacy in vitro. In particular, MMAC gene therapy synergized with SCH58500 or paclitaxel. In the i.p. MidT2-1 tumor model p53 gene therapy enhanced the survival benefits of paclitaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy. Combination therapy has become a mainstay in cancer treatment. In this report, we use a novel transgenic mouse tumor cell line to suggest new combinations that might be explored in clinical cancer care. These include gene therapy using the tumor suppressors MMAC and p53, chemotherapy using farnesyl transferase inhibitors, the microtubule stabilizing taxanes, and the DNA synthesis disruptors gemcitabine and cisplatin. The precise biological mechanisms by which these therapies induce their antitumor effects are not fully elucidated. However, the work presented here suggests that many of these therapeutic approaches have synergistic antitumor activity when used in combination.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Division
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Farnesyltranstransferase
- Female
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Taxoids
- Time Factors
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Nielsen
- Tumor Biology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-1300, USA.
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Seah SY, Terracina G, Bolin JT, Riebel P, Snieckus V, Eltis LD. Purification and preliminary characterization of a serine hydrolase involved in the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:22943-9. [PMID: 9722515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.36.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (6-phenyl-HODA) hydrolase (BphD), an enzyme of the biphenyl biodegradation pathway encoded by the bphD gene of Burkholderia cepacia LB400, was hyperexpressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that BphD has a subunit molecular mass of 32 kDa, while gel filtration demonstrated that it is a homotetramer of molecular weight 122,000. The enzyme hydrolyzed 6-phenyl-HODA with a kcat of 5.0 (+/- 0.07) s-1 and a kcat/Km of 2.0 (+/- 0.08) x 10(7) M-1 s-1 (100 mM phosphate, pH 7.5, 25 degreesC). The specificity of BphD for other 2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoates (HODAs) decreased markedly with the size of the C6 substituent; 6-methyl-HODA, the meta cleavage product of 3-methylcatechol, was hydrolyzed approximately 2300 times less specifically than 6-phenyl-HODA. By comparison, the homologous hydrolase from the toluene degradation pathway, TodF, showed highest specificity for 6-methyl- and 6-ethyl-HODA (kcat/Km of 2.0 (+/- 0.05) x 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 9.0 (+/- 0.5) x 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively). TodF showed no detectable activity toward 6-phenyl-HODA and 6-tert-butyl-HODA. Neither BphD nor TodF hydrolyzed 5-methyl-HODA efficiently. The kcat of BphD determined by monitoring product formation was about half that determined by monitoring substrate disappearance, suggesting that some uncoupling of substrate utilization and product formation occurs during the enzyme catalyzed reaction. Crystals of BphD were obtained using ammonium sulfate combined with polyethylene glycol 400 as the precipitant. Diffraction was observed to a resolution of at least 1.9 A, and the evaluation of self-rotation functions confirmed 222 (D2) molecular symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Seah
- Department of Biochemistry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
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