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Cénat JM, Broussard C, Jacob G, Kogan C, Corace K, Ukwu G, Onesi O, Furyk SE, Bekarkhanechi FM, Williams M, Chomienne MH, Grenier J, Labelle PR. Antiracist training programs for mental health professionals: A scoping review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102373. [PMID: 38232574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Racism has been shown to be directly deleterious to the mental health care received by minoritized peoples. In response, some mental health institutions have pledged to provide antiracist mental health care, which includes training mental health care professionals in this approach. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing published material on antiracist training programs among mental health care professionals. To identify studies, a comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed by a research librarian in October 2022 across seven databases (APA PsycInfo, Education Source, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science). Subject headings and keywords relating to antiracist training as well as to mental health professionals were used and combined. There were 7186 studies generated by the initial search and 377 by the update search, 30 were retained and included. Findings revealed four main antiracist competencies to develop in mental health professionals: importance of understanding the cultural, social, and historical context at the root of the mental health problems; developing awareness of individual biases, self-identity and privilege; recognizing oppressive and racism-sustaining behaviors in mental health care settings; and, employing antiracist competencies in therapy. Professionals who have taken trainings having the main components have developed skills on the interconnectedness between racialized groups' mental health and the cultural, religious, social, historical, economic, and political issues surrounding race, necessary for successful clinical practice and for providing anti-racist mental health care. This scoping review presents a summary of the essential antiracist competencies drawn from the literature which must be applied in a mental health care setting, to improve help seeking behaviors, and reduce distrust in mental health care professionals and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Cathy Broussard
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Jacob
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health at The Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health at The Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gloria Ukwu
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Onesi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Monnica Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Canada Research Chair on Mental Health Disparities, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Chomienne
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on the Health Status of Black Immigrant Francophones, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cénat JM, Kogan CS, Kebedom P, Ukwu G, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Darius WP, Mulopo Bakombo S, Dalexis RD, Ndengeyingoma A, Noorishad PG, Labelle PR. Prevalence and risk factors associated with psychostimulant use among Black individuals: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107567. [PMID: 36521424 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychostimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine) are among the most widely used drugs globally with detrimental short and long-term physical, psychological and social consequences. There is limited data on psychostimulant use for various racial and ethnic groups, including Black people, and the challenges they face living as minorities overcoming historical challenges including increased incarceration associated with drug possession. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles were identified in five databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE). Eligible studies were published in French or English, provided empiral data on psychostimulant use in Black individuals living in a minority context. The PRISMA guideline was used for structuring the review. Random-effects meta-analyses were generated to estimate the pooled prevalence of lifetime and periodic psychostimulant use among Black individuals using STATA 16. RESULTS Sixty-three studies published from 1991 to 2022 with a sample size of 139,683 Black individuals were included in the current meta-analysis. Results indicate a pooled prevalence estimate of 11.4% for any form of psychostimulant use among Black individuals. The pooled prevalence estimates were 12.4% (95% CI, 8.4% - 16.4%) for cocaine, 8.3% (95% CI, 0% - 19.1%) for amphetamines, and 11.4% (95% CI, 4.6% - 18.1%) for other stimulants. Prediction intervals for all psychostimulant types were highly heterogenous ranging from 0% to as high as 51.2% for amphetamine suggesting prevalence of use in some studies of Black people could be found to be as low as zero. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences between age groups, gender, reference period, and type of assessment. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence rates of psychostimulant use among Black people argues for greater access to evidence-based treatments. However, current psychosocial interventions are suboptimal, warranting further study. Consideration needs to be given to the challenges of the large range of prediction intervals, living in urban areas, racial discrimination experiences, race-based stress, and sociodemographic characteristics, including poverty, education level, age, gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Cary S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philmona Kebedom
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gloria Ukwu
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Assumpta Ndengeyingoma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nursing, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Quebec, Canada
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Cénat JM, Broussard C, Darius WP, Onesi O, Auguste E, El Aouame AM, Ukwu G, Khodabocus SN, Labelle PR, Dalexis RD. Social mobilization, education, and prevention of the Ebola virus disease: A scoping review. Prev Med 2023; 166:107328. [PMID: 36356934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) remains a global public health concern with multiple outbreaks over the last five years. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the current state of knowledge on awareness, education, and community mobilization programs on EVD prevention. A comprehensive search strategy was executed in October 2021 across eight databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science). According to the PRISMA flow diagram, out of the 4815 studies generated by the search, 33 were retained for extraction and were included in this scoping review. Findings revealed that cultural practices that increased the risk of Ebola transmission remain very prevalent, even educational and awareness campaigns. Levels of Ebola-related knowledge by community members varied widely. A large proportion of the Ebola-affected populations were not aware of modes of transmission and half were unaware of signs and symptoms. Interventions with deep community mobilization, collaboration and engagement were effective in changing cultural practices, and reducing rates of infection. Interventions in the health sector helped increase willingness to practice preventive methods and the maintenance of social distancing and patient handwashing. A majority of the population members received their information about EVD from the community and mass media (in most instances, through broadcasting stations). Community interventions with a collaborative approach are effective to prevent EVD. It is needed to build trust between communities and health care, but also to use local resources and cultural factors combined with the use of technologies of information to prevent EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Olivia Onesi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gloria Ukwu
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cénat JM, Noorishad PG, Blais-Rochette C, McIntee SE, Mukunzi JN, Darius WP, Broussard C, Morse C, Ukwu G, Auguste E, Menelas K. Together for Hope and Resilience: A Humanistic Experience by the Vulnerability, Trauma, Resilience and Culture Lab Members during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1774704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gloria Ukwu
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Kerry Menelas
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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