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Jesudass SC, Surendran S, Moon DJ, Shanmugapriya S, Kim JY, Janani G, Veeramani K, Mahadik S, Kim IG, Jung P, Kwon G, Jin K, Kim JK, Hong K, Park YI, Kim TH, Heo J, Sim U. Defect engineered ternary metal spinel-type Ni-Fe-Co oxide as bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall electrochemical water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:566-576. [PMID: 38428114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal spinel oxides were engineered with active elements as bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts to deliver superior intrinsic activity, stability, and improved conductivity to support green hydrogen production. In this study, we reported the ternary metal Ni-Fe-Co spinel oxide electrocatalysts prepared by defect engineering strategy with rich and deficient Na+ ions, termed NFCO-Na and NFCO, which suggest the formation of defects with Na+ forming tensile strain. The Na-rich NiFeCoO4 spinel oxide reveals lattice expansion, resulting in the formation of a defective crystal structure, suggesting higher electrocatalytic active sites. The spherical NFCO-Na electrocatalysts exhibit lower OER and HER overpotentials of 248 mV and 153 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and smaller Tafel slope values of about 78 mV dec-1 and 129 mV dec-1, respectively. Notably, the bifunctional NFCO-Na electrocatalyst requires a minimum cell voltage of about 1.67 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The present work highlights the significant electrochemical activity of defect-engineered ternary metal oxides, which can be further upgraded as highly active electrocatalysts for water splitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cyril Jesudass
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramani Surendran
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jun Moon
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathyanarayanan Shanmugapriya
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gnanaprakasam Janani
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnan Veeramani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Mahadik
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Goo Kim
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Pildo Jung
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibum Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kootak Hong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeyeong Heo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Uk Sim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 58330 Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Mahadik S, Surendran S, Moon DJ, Kim JY, Janani G, Jesudass SC, Veeramani K, Choi H, Shanmugapriya S, Kim IG, Jung P, Park YI, Heo J, Kim TH, Hong K, Sim U. Structurally engineered highly efficient electrocatalytic performance of 3-dimensional Mo/Ni chalcogenides for boosting overall water splitting performance. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141233. [PMID: 38266882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from water splitting combined with renewable electricity can provide a viable solution to the energy crisis. A novel MoS2/NiS2/Ni3S4 heterostructure is designed as a bifunctional electrocatalyst by facile hydrothermal method to demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic performance towards overall water splitting applications. MoS2/NiS2/Ni3S4 heterostructure necessitates a low overpotential of 81 mV and 210 mV to attain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Consequently, the MoS2/NiS2/Ni3S4 heterostructure-based electrolyzer shows a low cell voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm-2. The present work highlights the significance of the heterostructure configuration of transition metal sulfide-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical overall water splitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Mahadik
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramani Surendran
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jun Moon
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gnanaprakasam Janani
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Cyril Jesudass
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnan Veeramani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathyanarayanan Shanmugapriya
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Goo Kim
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pildo Jung
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Heo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kootak Hong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Uk Sim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Republic of Korea; Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong Y, Janani G, Kim D, An TY, Surendran S, Lee H, Moon DJ, Kim JY, Han MK, Sim U. Roles of Heterojunction and Cu Vacancies in the Au@Cu 2-xSe for the Enhancement of Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37795987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of hydrogen (H2) as a fuel source is hindered by the limited infrastructure and storage requirements. In contrast, ammonia (NH3) offers a promising solution as a hydrogen carrier due to its high energy density, liquid storage capacity, low cost, and sustainable manufacturing. NH3 has garnered significant attention as a key component in the development of next-generation refueling stations, aligning with the goal of a carbon-free economy. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) enables the production of NH3 from nitrogen (N2) under ambient conditions. However, the low efficiency of the ENRR is limited by challenges such as the electron-stealing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the breaking of the stable N2 triple bond. To address these limitations and enhance ENRR performance, we prepared Au@Cu2-xSe electrocatalysts with a core@shell structure using a seed-mediated growth method and a facile hot-injection method. The catalytic activity was evaluated using both an aqueous electrolyte of KOH solution and a nonaqueous electrolyte consisting of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent with lithium perchlorate and ethanol as proton donors. ENRR in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes was facilitated by the synergistic interaction between Au and Cu2-xSe (copper selenide), forming an Ohmic junction between the metal and p-type semiconductor that effectively suppressed the HER. Furthermore, in nonaqueous conditions, the Cu vacancies in the Cu2-xSe layer of Au@Cu2-xSe promoted the formation of lithium nitride (Li3N), leading to improved NH3 production. The synergistic effect of Ohmic junctions and Cu vacancies in Au@Cu2-xSe led to significantly higher ammonia yield and faradaic efficiency (FE) in nonaqueous systems compared to those in aqueous conditions. The maximum NH3 yields were approximately 1.10 and 3.64 μg h-1 cm-2, with the corresponding FE of 2.24 and 67.52% for aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, respectively. This study demonstrates an attractive strategy for designing catalysts with increased ENRR activity by effectively engineering vacancies and heterojunctions in Cu-based electrocatalysts in both aqueous and nonaqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jeong
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Gnanaprakasam Janani
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong An
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramani Surendran
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jun Moon
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Jeollanamdo 58326, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Han
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Sim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam 58330, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Naju, Jeollanamdo 58326, Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Sripriya R, Janani G, Sivashanmugam T. Comparison of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia and posterior transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia following caesarean delivery: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:893-900. [PMID: 38044921 PMCID: PMC10691614 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_931_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Posterior-transversus abdominus plane (TAP) block and transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block have been used for postoperative analgesia following caesarean delivery. We compared the analgesic efficacy of the TAP vs TFP plane blocks in patients undergoing elective caesarean delivery. Methods We randomised 90 women undergoing caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia to receive either a posterior-TAP (Group-TAP), TFP (Group-TFP) or no block (Group-C) postoperatively. The primary objective was the postoperative analgesic requirements. Secondary objectives were duration of analgesia, pain scores and infra-umbilical sensory loss, which were recorded at specific intervals for 24 h. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 software. Results The patients requiring one, two or nil rescue analgesics were comparable between the interventions and the control (P = 0.32). The duration of analgesia was longer in Group-TAP when compared to Group-C, 4.76 (1.2) vs. 6.89 (2.4); P < 0.001, whereas Group-TFP, 5.64 (2.1) h, was not significantly different from Group-C. The static pain score in Group-TAP was significantly less than that in Group-C at 4 h and beyond 12 h (P < 0.001), whereas Group-TFP was comparable with Group-C at all time points except at 4 h and 24 h (P = 0.002). Only Group-TAP demonstrated midline infraumbilical sensory loss. Conclusion TAP and TFP blocks did not decrease the rescue analgesic requirement compared with the control group. The posterior-TAP block prolonged the duration of analgesia by 2 h, maintained the median static pain score at 0 beyond 12 h, and demonstrated sensory loss at the infraumbilical dermatomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sripriya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - T Sivashanmugam
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
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Biswas S, Bhunia BK, Janani G, Mandal BB. Silk Fibroin Based Formulations as Potential Hemostatic Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2654-2663. [PMID: 35616246 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective hemorrhage control is indispensable for life-threatening emergencies in defense fields and civilian trauma. During major injuries, hemostatic agents are applied externally to mimic and accelerate the natural hemostasis process. Commercially available topical hemostatic agents are associated with several limitations, e.g., burning sensation, necrosis, futile in severe injuries, and high costs of the products. In the present study, we developed silk fibroin fiber-based formulations and evaluated their use as a cost-effective potential hemostatic agent with shortened clotting time. Silk fiber-based powder was produced following the alkaline hydrolysis process, wherein Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution that randomly chopped the silk microfibers. Physicochemical reaction parameters, e.g., reaction temperature, molarity of NaOH solution, and incubation time, were optimized to achieve the maximum yield of microfibers. The surface properties of alkaline hydrolyzed silk microfibers (AHSMf) were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray studies. The water uptake capacity of AHSMf and the change in pH and temperature (∼30 °C) during blood clotting were analyzed. Further, the hemostatic potential of AHSMf was evaluated by an in vitro whole blood clotting assay using both goat and human blood. The in vitro studies demonstrated a reduced blood clotting time (CT = 20-30 s), prothrombin time (PT = ∼27%), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT = ∼14%) in the presence of AHSMf when compared to silk hydrogel powder (devoid of NaOH). Thus, the developed AHSMf could be a promising material to serve as a potential hemostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Bibhas K Bhunia
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - G Janani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.,School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Janani G, Mandal BB, Rajendran S, Krishnakumar GS. Surface Modification of Decellularized Natural Cellulose Scaffolds with Organosilanes for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2000-2015. [PMID: 35452211 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The utility of plant tissues as scaffolding materials has been gaining significant interest in recent years owing to their unique material characteristics that are ideal for tissue regeneration. In this study, the degradation and biocompatibility of natural cellulosic scaffolds derived from Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) (BF) immature endosperm was improved by chemical oxidation and surface functionalization processes. Briefly, thus obtained cellulosic scaffolds were sequentially processed via a detergent exchange decellularization process followed by sodium periodate mediated oxidation and organosilane-based surface modification using amino (NH2)-terminated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyl (CH3)-terminated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Post oxidation and surface functionalization, the scaffolds showed improved physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Especially, the swelling capacity, total porosity, surface area, degradation kinetics, and mechanical behavior of scaffold were significantly higher in modified scaffold groups. The biocompatibility analysis demonstrated excellent cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts with an evident upregulation of mineralization. Subcutaneous implantation of these scaffolds in a rat model demonstrated active angiogenesis, enhanced degradation, and excellent biocompatibility with concomitant deposition of a collagen matrix. Taken together, the native cellulosic scaffolds post chemical oxidation and surface functionalization can exclusively integrate the potential properties of native soft tissue with ameliorated in vitro and in vivo support in bone tissue engineering for nonloading bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.,School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Selvakumar Rajendran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Shankar Krishnakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Janani G, Priya S, Dey S, Mandal BB. Mimicking Native Liver Lobule Microarchitecture In Vitro with Parenchymal and Non-parenchymal Cells Using 3D Bioprinting for Drug Toxicity and Drug Screening Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10167-10186. [PMID: 35171571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering an in vitro liver model recapitulating the native liver microarchitecture consisting of parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells is crucial in achieving cellular crosstalk and hepatic metabolic functions for accurate hepatotoxicity prediction. Bioprinting holds the promise of engineering constructs with precise control over the spatial distribution of multiple cells. Two distinct tissue-specific liver extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioinks with excellent printability and rheological attributes are formulated for supporting parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. A physiologically relevant human vascularized liver model is bioprinted with a novel liver ECM-based bioink laden with human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human hepatic stellate cells (HHSCs) using an extrusion-based bioprinting approach and validated for hepatotoxicity assessment. The HLC/HUVEC/HHSC-laden liver model resembles native alternate cords of hepatocytes with a functional sinusoidal lumen-like network in both horizontal and vertical directions, demonstrating enhanced albumin production, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P450 (CPR) activity. Furthermore, the liver model is evaluated for drug toxicity assessment following 24 h exposure to different concentrations of (i) non-hepatotoxicants aspirin and dexamethasone, (ii) idiosyncratic hepatotoxicant trovafloxacin mesylate, and (iii) clinical hepatotoxicant acetaminophen and troglitazone. A follow-up cell viability and metabolic competence evaluation by estimating DNA concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and CPR activity revealed a dose-dependent clinically relevant hepatotoxic response. These results corroborated that the developed clinically relevant vascularized liver model is affordable and would aid pharmaceutical companies in speeding up the drug development and provide a robust platform for hepatotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Mehrotra S, Singh RD, Bandyopadhyay A, Janani G, Dey S, Mandal BB. Engineering Microsphere-Loaded Non-mulberry Silk-Based 3D Bioprinted Vascularized Cardiac Patches with Oxygen-Releasing and Immunomodulatory Potential. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50744-50759. [PMID: 34664954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hostile myocardial microenvironment post ischemic injury (myocardial infarction) plays a decisive role in determining the fate of tissue-engineered approaches. Therefore, engineering hybrid 3D printed platforms that can modulate the MI microenvironment for improving implant acceptance has surfaced as a critical requirement for reconstructing an infarcted heart. Here, we have employed a non-mulberry silk-based conductive bioink comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to bioprint functional 3D vascularized anisotropic cardiac constructs. Immunofluorescence staining, polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression studies, and electrophysiological studies showed that the inclusion of CNTs in the bioink played a significant role in upregulating matured cardiac biomarkers, sarcomere formation, and beating rate while promoting cardiomyocyte viability. These constructs were then microinjected with calcium peroxide and IL-10-loaded gelatin methacryloyl microspheres. Measurements of oxygen concentration revealed that these microspheres upheld the oxygen availability for maintaining cellular viability for at least 5 days in a hypoxic environment. Also, the ability of microinjected IL-10 microspheres to modulate the macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in vitro was uncovered using immunofluorescent staining and gene expression studies. Furthermore, in vivo subcutaneous implantation of microsphere-injected 3D constructs provided insights toward the extended time frame that was achieved for dealing with the hostile microenvironment for promoting host neovascularization and implant acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rishabh Deo Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Janani G, Surendran S, Choi H, Han MK, Sim U. In Situ Grown CoMn 2 O 4 3D-Tetragons on Carbon Cloth: Flexible Electrodes for Efficient Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery Powered Water Splitting Systems. Small 2021; 17:e2103613. [PMID: 34677907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The integration of energy conversion and storage systems such as electrochemical water splitting (EWS) and rechargeable zinc-air battery (ZAB) is on the vision to provide a sustainable future with green energy resources. Herein, a unique strategy for decorating 3D tetragonal CoMn2 O4 on carbon cloth (CMO-U@CC) via a facile one-pot in situ hydrothermal process, is reported. The highly exposed morphology of 3D tetragons enhances the electrocatalytic activity of CMO-U@CC. This is the first demonstration of such a bifunctional activity of CMO-U@CC in an EWS system; it achieves a nominal cell voltage of 1.610 V @ 10 mA cm-2 . Similarly, the fabricated rechargeable ZAB delivers a specific capacity of 641.6 mAh gzn -1 , a power density of 135 mW cm-2 , and excellent cyclic stability (50 h @ 10 mA cm-2 ). Additionally, a series of flexible solid-state ZABs are fabricated and employed to power the assembled CMO-U@CC-based water electrolyzer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an in situ-grown binder-free CMO-U@CC as a flexible multifunctional electrocatalyst for a built-in integrated rechargeable ZAB-powered EWS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanaprakasam Janani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Engineering Research Center, Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Future Energy Engineering Convergence and College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Subramani Surendran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Engineering Research Center, Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Future Energy Engineering Convergence and College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Engineering Research Center, Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Future Energy Engineering Convergence and College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Han
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Engineering Research Center, Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Future Energy Engineering Convergence and College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Uk Sim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Engineering Research Center, Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Future Energy Engineering Convergence and College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Research Institute, NEEL Sciences, INC., Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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10
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Gupta P, Chaudhuri GR, Janani G, Agarwala M, Ghosh D, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functionalized Silk Vascular Grafts with Decellularized Human Wharton's Jelly Improves Remodeling via Immunomodulation in Rabbit Jugular Vein. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100750. [PMID: 34378360 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free polymeric tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have shown great promise towards clinical translation; however, their limited bioactivity and remodeling ability challenge this cause. Here, a novel cell-free bioresorbable small diameter silk TEVG system functionalized with decellularized human Wharton's jelly (dWJ) matrix is developed and successfully implanted as interposition grafts into rabbit jugular vein. Implanted TEVGs remain patent for two months and integrate with host tissue, demonstrating neo-tissue formation and constructive remodeling. Mechanistic analysis reveals that dWJ matrix is a reservoir of various immunomodulatory cytokines (Interleukin-8, 6, 10, 4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), which aids in upregulating M2 macrophage-associated genes facilitating pro-remodeling behavior. Besides, dWJ treatment to human endothelial cells upregulates the expression of functional genes (cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin), enables faster cell migration, and elevates nitric oxide (NO) production leading to the in situ development of endothelium. The dWJ functionalized silk TEVGs support increased host cell recruitment than control, including macrophages and vascular cells. It endows superior graft remodeling in terms of a dense medial layer comprising smooth muscle cells and elevates the production of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen and elastin). Altogether, these findings suggest that dWJ functionalization imitates the usefulness of cell seeding and enables graft remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerak Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Gaurab Ranjan Chaudhuri
- Department of Plastic Surgery R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital Kolkata West Bengal 700004 India
| | - G. Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Manoj Agarwala
- Department of ENT and Faciomaxillary Surgery GNRC Institute of Medical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781030 India
| | - Debaki Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal 700037 India
| | - Samit K. Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal 700037 India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- School of Health Sciences and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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11
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Mahata S, Janani G, Mandal BB, Manivannan V. A coumarin based visual and fluorometric probe for selective detection of Al(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III) ions through “turn-on” response and its biological application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Janani G, Mandal BB. Mimicking Physiologically Relevant Hepatocyte Zonation Using Immunomodulatory Silk Liver Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds toward a Bioartificial Liver Platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:24401-24421. [PMID: 34019382 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking nativelike metabolic zonation is indispensable to develop an efficient bioartificial liver model, as it facilitates physiological cues, hepatocyte polarity, and phenotypic functions. The present study shows the first evidence of hepatocyte metabolic heterogeneity in an in vitro liver model encompassing liver extracellular matrix (ECM)-functionalized silk scaffolds (LECM-SF) by altering ECM proportion. Upon static culture, individual LECM-SF scaffold supports differential synthetic and metabolic functions of cultured primary neonatal rat hepatocytes (PNRHs), owing to discrete biophysical attributes. A single in vitro liver system comprising PNRHs seeded LECM-SF scaffolds assisting periportal to pericentral gradient functions is stacked and matured in a perfusion bioreactor to simulate oxygen gradient. The scaffold with high ECM supports periportal-specific albumin synthesis, urea secretion, and bile duct formation, albeit scaffold with low ECM supports pericentral-specific cytochrome P450 activity. Extensive physicochemical characterizations confirmed the stability and interconnected porous network of scaffolds, signifying cellular infiltration and bidirectional nutrient diffusion. Furthermore, scaffolds demonstrate minimal thrombogenicity, reduced foreign-body response, and enhanced pro-remodeling macrophage activation, supporting constructive tissue remodeling. The developed liver model with zone-specific functions would be a promising avenue in bioartificial liver and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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13
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Arora D, Bhunia BK, Janani G, Mandal BB. Bioactive three-dimensional silk composite in vitro tumoroid model for high throughput screening of anticancer drugs. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:438-452. [PMID: 33485251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Modeling three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems recapitulating spatiotemporal characteristics of native tumor-mass has shown tremendous potential as a pre-clinical tool for drug screening. However, their applications in clinical settings are still limited due to inappropriate recapitulation of tumor topography, culture instability, and poor durability of niche support. EXPERIMENTS Here, we have fabricated a bio-active silk composite scaffold assimilating tunable silk from Bombyx mori and - arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) rich silk from Antheraea assama to provide a better 3D-matrix for breast (MCF 7) and liver (HepG2) tumoroids. Cellular mechanisms underlying physiological adaptations in 3D constructs and subsequent drug responses were compared with conventional monolayer and multicellular spheroid culture. FINDINGS Silk composite matrix assists prolonged growth and high metabolic activity (Cytochrome P450 reductase) in breast and liver 3D-tumoroids. Enhanced stemness expression (Cell surface adhesion receptor; CD44, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin) at transcript and protein levels demonstrate that bio-active matrix-assisted 3D environment augmenting metastatic potential in tumoroids. Together, enhanced secretion of Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), anchorage-independency, and colony-forming potential of cells in the 3D-tumoroids further corroborates the aggressive behavior of cells. Moreover, the multilayered 3D-tumoroids exhibit decreased sensitivity to some known anticancer drugs (Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel). In conclusion, the bio-active silk composite matrix offers an advantage in developing robust and sustainable 3D tumoroids for a high-throughput drug screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Bibhas K Bhunia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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14
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Janani G, Kumar S, Mandal BB. Fiber-Reinforced Silk Composite for Enhanced Urokinase Production Using High-Density Perfusion Culture and Bioactive Molecule Supplementation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6137-6151. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Janani
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Shivanshi Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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15
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Janani G, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functional hepatocyte clusters on bioactive blend silk matrices towards generating bioartificial liver constructs. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:167-182. [PMID: 29223705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The creation of in vitro functional hepatic tissue simulating micro-environmental niche of native liver is a keen area of research due to its demand in bioartificial liver (BAL) and cell-based tissue engineering. Here, we investigated the potential of novel blend (BA) silk scaffold fabricated by blending mulberry (Bombyx mori, BM) silk fibroin with cell adhesion motif (RGD) rich non-mulberry (Antheraea assamensis, AA) silk fibroin, in generating a functional liver construct. Three-dimensional (3D) porous silk scaffolds (BM, AA and BA) were physico-chemically characterized and functionally evaluated using human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) and primary neonatal rat hepatocytes. The growth and distribution of hepatocytes within the scaffolds were tracked by FESEM, alamar blue proliferation assay and live/dead staining. Hemocompatible BA scaffolds supported the formation of high density hepatocyte clusters, facilitating cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Blend scaffolds evinced enhanced liver-specific functions of cultured hepatocytes in terms of albumin synthesis, urea synthesis and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity over 21 days. Subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds demonstrated minimal macrophage infiltration in blend scaffolds. These findings substantiate that the integral property of blend (BA) scaffold offers a befitting environment by influencing spheroidal growth of hepatocytes with enhanced biological activity. Collectively, the present study provides a new 3D bio-matrix niche for growing functional liver cells that would have future prospects in BAL as well as regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE An end stage liver disease called cirrhosis perturbs the self-healing ability and physiological functions of liver. Due to the scarcity of healthy donors, a functional in vitro hepatic construct retaining the liver-specific functions is in great demand for its prospects in bioartificial liver (BAL) and cell-based tissue engineering. Physicochemical attributes of a matrix influence the behavior of cultured hepatocytes in terms of attachment, morphology and functionality. Mulberry and non-mulberry silk fibroin presents unique amino acid sequence with difference in hydrophobicity and crystallinity. Considering this, the present study focuses on the development of a suitable three-dimensional (3D) bioactive matrix incorporating both mulberry silk fibroin and cell adhesion motif (RGD) rich non-mulberry silk fibroin. Porous silk blend scaffolds facilitated the formation of hepatocyte clusters with enhanced liver-specific functions emphasizing both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Hemocompatibility and integral property of blend scaffolds offers a biological niche for seeding functional liver cells that would have future prospects in biohybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Chouhan D, Janani G, Chakraborty B, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functionalized
PVA
–silk blended nanofibrous mats promote diabetic wound healing via regulation of extracellular matrix and tissue remodelling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1559-e1570. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
| | - G. Janani
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
| | - Bijayashree Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and RadiologyWest Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata ‐ 700 037 West Bengal India
| | - Samit K. Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and RadiologyWest Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata ‐ 700 037 West Bengal India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati ‐ 781 039 Assam India
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Janani G, Pillai MM, Selvakumar R, Bhattacharyya A, Sabarinath C. An
in vitro
3D model using collagen coated gelatin nanofibers for studying breast cancer metastasis. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015016. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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