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Fouda A, Abdel-Nasser M, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Abdel-Nasser A, Alharbi NK, AlRokban AH, Abdel-Maksoud G. An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1025. [PMID: 37508454 PMCID: PMC10376199 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including Aspergillus chevalieri (one isolate), A. nidulans (two strains), A. flavus (four strains), A. cristatus (one strain), A. niger (one strain), Paecilomyces fulvus (two strains), Penicillium expansum (two strains), and P. citrinum (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO2-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, and characterized. Data showed that the TiO2-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2-8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC50 = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL-1 for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL-1 for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL-1 were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain P. expansum AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO2-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Manuscripts Conservation, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif Library, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdel-Nasser
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nada K Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H AlRokban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Abdel-Nasser M, Abdel-Maksoud G, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Abdel-Nasser A, Alharbi M, Elkelish A, Fouda A. Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1104. [PMID: 37317078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, twelve fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript dated back to the 18th century. The obtained fungal strains were identified, using the traditional method and ITS sequence analysis, as Cladosporium herbarum (two strains), Aspergillus fumigatus (five strains), A. ustus (one strain), A. flavus (two strains), A. niger (one strain), and Penicillium chrysogenum (one strain). The ability of these fungal strains to degrade the main components of the paper was investigated by their activity to secrete extracellular enzymes including cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase. The cell-free filtrate (CFF) ability of the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 to inhibit fungal growth was investigated. The metabolic profile of CFF was detected by GC-MS analysis, which confirmed the low and high molecular weight of various active chemical compounds. The safe dose to be used for the biocontrol of fungal growth was selected by investigating the biocompatibility of CFF and two normal cell lines, Wi38 (normal lung tissue) and HFB4 (normal human skin melanocyte). Data showed that the CFF has a cytotoxic effect against the two normal cell lines at high concentrations, with IC50 values of 525.2 ± 9.8 and 329.1 ± 4.2 µg mL-1 for Wi38 and HFB4, respectively. The antifungal activity showed that the CFF has promising activity against all fungal strains in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antifungal activity (100%) was recorded for a concentration of 300 µg mL-1 with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the ranges of 21.3 ± 0.6 to 17.7 ± 0.5 mm. At a concentration of 100 µg mL-1, the activity of CFF remained effective against all fungal strains (100%), but its effectiveness decreased to only inhibit the growth of eight strains (66%) out of the total at 50 µg mL-1. In general, probiotic bacterial strains containing CFF are safe and can be considered as a potential option for inhibiting the growth of various fungal strains. It is recommended that they be used in the preservation of degraded historical papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Manuscripts Conservation, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif Library, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdel-Nasser
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Maha Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Abdel-Nasser M, Hassan SED, Eid A, Abdel-Nasser A, Fouda A. Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using probiotic strain Lactobacillus gasseri and their activity against fungal strains isolated from historical manuscripts. Egypt J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2023.179933.7297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Abdel-Nasser M, Sultan MH, Eid AM, Alotaibi SH, Hassan SED, Fouda A. Fungal Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript Dating Back to the 14th Century: An Insight into Various Fungal Strains and Their Enzymatic Activities. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1821. [PMID: 36362976 PMCID: PMC9699582 DOI: 10.3390/life12111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the deterioration aspects of a historical manuscript dating back to the 14th century that was deposited in the Library of the Arabic Language Academy, Cairo, Egypt. The study aims at the exploration of the role of various fungal strains that had colonized this deteriorated manuscript in its biodeterioration through their efficacy in the secretion of various hydrolytic enzymes. To evaluate the deterioration, various techniques, including visual inspection, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), color change, and pH value, were utilized. The fungal strains linked to the historical document were isolated, identified, and evaluated for their deterioration activities. The findings demonstrate that the manuscript exhibits a variety of deterioration signs including color change, brittleness and weakness, erosion, and removal of the grain surface pattern in leather binding. According to the ATR-FTIR, the chemical composition of the historical paper and leather underwent some alterations. The historical paper has a lower level of cellulose crystallinity than the control sample. Penicillium chrysogenum (two isolates), P. citrinum (four isolates), Aspergillus ustus (three isolates), A. terreus (two isolates), A. chinensis (one isolate), Paecilomyces sp. (one isolate), and Induratia sp. (one isolate) were among the fourteen fungal strains identified as being associated with the historical manuscript. These fungal strains produced several hydrolytic enzymes with high activity, such as cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase, which play a key role in biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Manuscripts Conservation, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif Library, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Sultan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Saad H. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Kira H, Mohamed W. Consolidation of Fragile Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A review. Egypt J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.158706.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Wahba W, Shoshah N, Nasr H. The Use of Different Techniques for Removal of Pressure Sensitive Tapes from Historical Paper Documents: A Review. Egypt J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.139602.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Ghozy H, Ezzat R, Helmy M, Elsaka M, Gamal M, Mohamed W. Evaluation of the efficiency of sodium alginate for the consolidation of bone artifacts. Egypt J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.135528.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Khattab R. Evaluation of traditional, starch nanoparticle and its hybrid composite for the Consolidation of Tracing Paper. Egypt J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.76272.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abdel-Maksoud G, Hamdy L, Elnaggar M. Evaluation of guar gum for the consolidation of some cellulosic packaging materials for mummies. Egypt J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.71089.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Saada NS, Abdel-Maksoud G, Abd El-Aziz M, Youssef A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization, and use for sustainable preservation of historical parchment against microbial biodegradation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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El-Gamal R, Nikolaivits E, Zervakis GI, Abdel-Maksoud G, Topakas E, Christakopoulos P. The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Issa YM, Abdel-Maksoud G, Magdy M. Analytical study of Saint Gregory Nazianzen Icon, Old Cairo, Egypt. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fritsch KO, Hamoud H, Allam AH, Grossmann A, Nur El-Din AH, Abdel-Maksoud G, Al-Tohamy Soliman M, Badr I, Sutherland JD, Linda Sutherland M, Akl M, Finch CE, Thomas GS, Wann LS, Thompson RC. The Orthopedic Diseases of Ancient Egypt. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1036-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus O Fritsch
- Orthopädische Chirurgie Bayreuth; Parsifalstr.5 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Heshem Hamoud
- Al-Azhar University School of Medicine; Naser City Cairo Egypt
| | - Adel H. Allam
- Al-Azhar University School of Medicine; Naser City Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Abdel-Halim Nur El-Din
- Faculty of Archaeology and Tourism Guidance, Misr University for Science and Technology; Misr University for Science & Technology, Al-Motamayez District; 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Centre for Archaeological and Historical Buildings and Museum Artifacts, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology; Cairo University Giza; Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim Badr
- High Institute for Tourism & Hotels Alexandria Abu Qir; Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Akl
- Conservation Centre for Archaeological and Historical Buildings and Museum Artifacts, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology; Cairo University Giza; Egypt
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- Memorial Care Heart & Vascular Institute; Long Beach Memorial Long Beach California
| | | | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute; Kansas City Missouri
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine; Kansas City Missouri
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El-Shaieb MZ, Abdel-Maksoud G, Lightfoot DA, El-Shemy HA. Ramsey CB, Dee MW, Rowland JM, Higham TFG, Harris SA, Brock F, et al. Radiocarbon-based chronology for dynastic Egypt. Science 2010;328:1554. J Adv Res 2015; 6:535-7. [PMID: 26257953 PMCID: PMC4522578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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