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Chow CHT, Poole KL, Xu RY, Sriranjan J, Van Lieshout RJ, Buckley N, Moffat G, Schmidt LA. Children's Shyness, Frontal Brain Activity, and Anxiety in the Perioperative Context. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:766. [PMID: 37754044 PMCID: PMC10525976 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although preoperative anxiety affects up to 75% of children undergoing surgery each year and is associated with many adverse outcomes, we know relatively little about individual differences in how children respond to impending surgery. We examined whether patterns of anterior brain electrical activity (i.e., a neural correlate of anxious arousal) moderated the relation between children's shyness and preoperative anxiety on the day of surgery in 70 children (36 girls, Mage = 10.4 years, SDage = 1.7, years, range 8 to 13 years) undergoing elective surgery. Shyness was assessed using self-report approximately 1 week prior to surgery during a preoperative visit (Time 1), preoperative anxiety was assessed using self-report, and regional EEG (left and right frontal and temporal sites) was assessed using a dry sensory EEG headband on the day of surgery (Time 2). We found that overall frontal EEG alpha power moderated the relation between shyness and self-reported preoperative anxiety. Shyness was related to higher levels of self-reported anxiety on the day of surgery for children with lower average overall frontal alpha EEG power (i.e., higher cortical activity) but not for children with higher average overall frontal alpha EEG power (i.e., lower cortical activity). These results suggest that the pattern of frontal brain activity might amplify some shy children's affective responses to impending surgery. Findings also extend prior results linking children's shyness, frontal brain activity, and anxiety observed in the laboratory to a real-world, ecologically salient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl H. T. Chow
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (K.L.P.); (R.Y.X.); (J.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Kristie L. Poole
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (K.L.P.); (R.Y.X.); (J.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Richard Y. Xu
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (K.L.P.); (R.Y.X.); (J.S.); (L.A.S.)
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jhanahan Sriranjan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (K.L.P.); (R.Y.X.); (J.S.); (L.A.S.)
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Norman Buckley
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | | | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (K.L.P.); (R.Y.X.); (J.S.); (L.A.S.)
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Lobenhofer E, Werner J, Giffin M, Engwall M, Davies R, Homann O, Lafleur M, Moffat G. P1.12-18 Nonclinical Safety Assessment of AMG 757, a DLL3 Bispecific T Cell Engager, in the Cynomolgus Monkey. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McNerney ME, Augustine K, Barrow P, Beyer B, Brannen K, Engel S, Enright B, Fullerton A, Hui J, McGinnis C, Moffat G, Nowland W, Potter D, Powles-Glover N, Schneidkraut M, Stanislaus D, Turner K, Vergis J, Graziano M. Concordance between in vitro developmental toxicity assays and in vivo embryo-fetal development findings: the IQ DruSafe Assessment. Reprod Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhayee S, Tomaszewski P, Lee DH, Moffat G, Pino L, Moreno S, Farb NAS. Attentional and affective consequences of technology supported mindfulness training: a randomised, active control, efficacy trial. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:60. [PMID: 27894358 PMCID: PMC5127005 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness training (MT) programs represent an approach to attention training with well-validated mental health benefits. However, research supporting MT efficacy is based predominantly on weekly-meeting, facilitator-led, group-intervention formats. It is unknown whether participants might benefit from neurofeedback-assisted, technology-supported MT (N-tsMT), in which meditation is delivered individually, without the need for a facilitator, travel to a training site, or the presence of a supportive group environment. Mirroring the validation of group MT interventions, the first step in addressing this question requires identifying whether N-tsMT promotes measurable benefits. Here, we report on an initial investigation of a commercial N-tsMT system. METHODS In a randomized, active control trial, community-dwelling healthy adult participants carried out 6 weeks of daily practice, receiving either N-tsMT (n = 13), or a control condition of daily online math training (n = 13). Training effects were assessed on target measures of attention and well-being. Participants also completed daily post-training surveys assessing effects on mood, body awareness, calm, effort, and stress. RESULTS Analysis revealed training effects specific to N-tsMT, with attentional improvements in overall reaction time on a Stroop task, and well-being improvements via reduced somatic symptoms on the Brief Symptom Inventory. Attention and well-being improvements were correlated, and effects were greatest for the most neurotic participants. However, secondary, exploratory measures of attention and well-being did not show training-specific effects. N-tsMT was associated with greater body awareness and calm, and initially greater effort that later converged with effort in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings indicate that N-tsMT promotes modest benefits for attention and subjective well-being in a healthy community sample relative to an active control condition. However, the findings would benefit from replication in a larger sample, and more intensive practice or more comprehensive MT instruction might be required to promote the broader benefits typically reported in group format, facilitated MT. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43629398 . Retrospectively registered on June 16, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheffy Bhayee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 Canada
| | - Patricia Tomaszewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Norman A. S. Farb
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 Canada
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Sohn W, Lee E, Kankam MK, Egbuna O, Moffat G, Bussiere J, Padhi D, Ng E, Kumar S, Slatter JG. An open-label study in healthy men to evaluate the risk of seminal fluid transmission of denosumab to pregnant partners. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:362-9. [PMID: 26447647 PMCID: PMC4833167 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 antibody that inhibits bone resorption and increases bone mass and strength. The present clinical study assessed serum and seminal fluid pharmacokinetics following a single denosumab dose in healthy men, and evaluated whether denosumab in seminal fluid poses any risk to a fetus in the event of unprotected sexual intercourse with a pregnant partner. METHODS An open-label, single-dose study in 12 healthy men was conducted over a 106-day period. Subjects received a single subcutaneous dose of 60-mg denosumab on day 1. Serum and seminal fluid samples were collected at specified time points to assess denosumab pharmacokinetics. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Denosumab was measurable at low concentrations in seminal fluid (~2% of serum concentrations). The mean [standard deviation (SD)] maximum observed drug concentration (Cmax ) was 6170 (2070) ng ml(-1) (serum) and 100 (81.9) ng ml(-1) (seminal fluid). The median time to Cmax (tmax ) was 8 days (serum) and 21 days (seminal fluid). The mean (SD) area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast ) was 333 000 (122 000) day•ng ml(-1) (serum) and 5220 (4880) day•ng ml(-1) (seminal fluid). The mean (SD) Cmax and AUC ratios between seminal fluid and serum were 0.0217 (0.0154) and 0.0170 (0.0148), respectively. Using conservative assumptions for ejaculate volume (6 ml), vaginal absorption (100%) and placental transfer (100%), the measured mean denosumab seminal fluid Cmax would result in fetal exposure that was more than 110 times below the preclinically derived 'no effect level' for denosumab. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a negligible risk to a fetus exposed to denosumab via seminal fluid transfer to a pregnant partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Sohn
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug MetabolismAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
| | - Edward Lee
- Early DevelopmentAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
| | | | - Ogo Egbuna
- Early DevelopmentAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
| | - Graeme Moffat
- Comparative Biology & Safety SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
| | - Jeanine Bussiere
- Comparative Biology & Safety SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
| | | | - Eric Ng
- Global Patient SafetyAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
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Ward LM, Baumann M, Moffat G, Roberts LE, Mori S, Rutledge-Taylor M, West RL. Achieving across-laboratory replicability in psychophysical scaling. Front Psychol 2015; 6:903. [PMID: 26191019 PMCID: PMC4488602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that, although psychophysical scaling produces good qualitative agreement between experiments, precise quantitative agreement between experimental results, such as that routinely achieved in physics or biology, is rarely or never attained. A particularly galling example of this is the fact that power function exponents for the same psychological continuum, measured in different laboratories but ostensibly using the same scaling method, magnitude estimation, can vary by a factor of three. Constrained scaling (CS), in which observers first learn a standardized meaning for a set of numerical responses relative to a standard sensory continuum and then make magnitude judgments of other sensations using the learned response scale, has produced excellent quantitative agreement between individual observers’ psychophysical functions. Theoretically it could do the same for across-laboratory comparisons, although this needs to be tested directly. We compared nine different experiments from four different laboratories as an example of the level of across experiment and across-laboratory agreement achievable using CS. In general, we found across experiment and across-laboratory agreement using CS to be significantly superior to that typically obtained with conventional magnitude estimation techniques, although some of its potential remains to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Ward
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Michael Baumann
- Career Centre, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbottsford BC, Canada
| | | | - Larry E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Informatics, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Robert L West
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada
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Bussiere JL, Moffat G, Zhou L, Tarlo KS. Assessment of menstrual cycle length in cynomolgus monkeys as a female fertility endpoint of a biopharmaceutical in a 6month toxicity study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 66:269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Noreña A, Moffat G, Blanc J, Pezard L, Cazals Y. Neural changes in the auditory cortex of awake guinea pigs after two tinnitus inducers: salicylate and acoustic trauma. Neuroscience 2010; 166:1194-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Moffat G, Adjout K, Gallego S, Thai-Van H, Collet L, Noreña AJ. Effects of hearing aid fitting on the perceptual characteristics of tinnitus. Hear Res 2009; 254:82-91. [PMID: 19409969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of auditory input through the use of hearing aids has been proposed as a potentially important means of altering tinnitus among those tinnitus sufferers who experience significant sensorineural hearing loss. In animal models of neural plasticity induced by noise trauma, high-frequency stimulation in deafferented regions of the auditory spectrum has been shown to modulate cortical reorganization after hearing loss, a result which suggests that the neural basis of tinnitus is subject to interference by acoustic stimulation. This study drew on deafferentation models to investigate the effect of hearing aids on the psychoacoustic properties of the tinnitus sensation, using both conventional amplification and high-bandwidth amplification regimes. The tinnitus percept was affected only weakly in the conventional amplification group, and was not at all affected in the high-bandwidth group. The changes observed under conventional, low-to-medium frequency amplification may indicate that the perceptual characteristics of tinnitus depend on the pattern of sensory inputs - notably a contrast in activity between adjacent central auditory regions of more and less afferent activity - while the absence of modifications in the high-bandwidth amplification group suggests limit on the tractability of the tinnitus percept. This limit to the malleability of the tinnitus percept may arise from either the extent of hearing deficits or the duration and robustness of the neuroplastic changes that originally give rise to tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moffat
- Laboratoire de neurobiologie intégrative et adaptative, UMR CNRS 6149, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Marseille, F-13331 Cedex 03, France
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Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Psychoacoustic functions relating the depth and duration of tinnitus suppression ('residual inhibition') to the center frequency of band-passed noise masking sounds appear to span the region of hearing loss, as do psychoacoustic measurements of the tinnitus spectrum. The results (1) suggest that cortical map reorganization induced by hearing loss is not the principal source of the tinnitus sensation and (2) provide a necessary baseline for optimizing residual inhibition in individual cases. OBJECTIVE To measure residual inhibition functions and tinnitus spectra using sounds spanning the region of hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three subject-driven, computer-based tools were developed and applied to measure psychoacoustic properties of tinnitus and residual inhibition in 32 subjects with chronic tonal, ringing, or hissing tinnitus. Residual inhibition functions were measured with band-passed noise sounds varying in center frequency up to 12.0 kHz. RESULTS The depth and duration of residual inhibition increased with the center frequency of the band-passed noise stimuli. Near-elimination of tinnitus for up to 45 s was reported by 8/24 (33%) subjects at center frequencies above 3 kHz (these cases distributed across tinnitus types). Tinnitus spectra covered the region of hearing loss with no preponderance of frequencies near the audiometric edge of normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Roberts R, Moffat G, Ashby J. Exposure to peroxisome proliferators: reassessment of the potential carcinogenic hazard. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109:A462-A464. [PMID: 11675276 PMCID: PMC1242093 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.109-a462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Priestnall R, Pilkington G, Moffat G. Personality and the use of oral contraceptives in British university students. Soc Sci Med 1978; 12:403-7. [PMID: 705385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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