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Arole K, Micci-Barreca SA, Athavale S, Tajedini M, Raghuvaran G, Lutkenhaus JL, Radovic M, Liang H, Green MJ. Annealing Ti 3C 2T z MXenes to Control Surface Chemistry and Friction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:6290-6300. [PMID: 38265031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Although surface terminations (such as ═O, -Cl, -F, and -OH) on MXene nanosheets strongly influence their functional properties, synthesis of MXenes with desired types and distribution of those terminations is still challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that thermal annealing helps in removing much of the terminal groups of molten salt-etched multilayered (ML) Ti3C2Tz. In this study, the chloride terminations of molten salt-etched ML-Ti3C2Tz were removed via thermal annealing at increased temperatures under an inert (argon) atmosphere. This thermal annealing created some bare sites available for further functionalization of Ti3C2Tz. XRD, EDS, and XPS measurements confirm the removal of much of the terminal groups of ML-Ti3C2Tz. Here, the annealed ML-Ti3C2Tz was refunctionalized by -OH groups and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), which was confirmed by FTIR. The -OH and APTES surface-modified ML-Ti3C2Tz are evaluated as a solid lubricant, exhibiting ∼70.1 and 66.7% reduction in friction compared to a steel substrate, respectively. This enhanced performance is attributed to the improved interaction or adhesion of functionalized ML-Ti3C2Tz with the substrate material. This approach allows for the effective surface modification of MXenes and control of their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Arole
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Stefano A Micci-Barreca
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Swarnima Athavale
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohsen Tajedini
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778843, United States
| | - Greeshma Raghuvaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Miladin Radovic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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