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Nagle MF, Yuan J, Kaur D, Ma C, Peremyslova E, Jiang Y, Goralogia GS, Magnuson A, Li JY, Muchero W, Fuxin L, Strauss SH. Genome-wide association study and network analysis of in vitro transformation in Populus trichocarpa support key roles of diverse phytohormone pathways and cross talk. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38650352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wide variation in amenability to transformation and regeneration (TR) among many plant species and genotypes presents a challenge to the use of genetic engineering in research and breeding. To help understand the causes of this variation, we performed association mapping and network analysis using a population of 1204 wild trees of Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood). To enable precise and high-throughput phenotyping of callus and shoot TR, we developed a computer vision system that cross-referenced complementary red, green, and blue (RGB) and fluorescent-hyperspectral images. We performed association mapping using single-marker and combined variant methods, followed by statistical tests for epistasis and integration of published multi-omic datasets to identify likely regulatory hubs. We report 409 candidate genes implicated by associations within 5 kb of coding sequences, and epistasis tests implicated 81 of these candidate genes as regulators of one another. Gene ontology terms related to protein-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation are overrepresented, among others. In addition to auxin and cytokinin pathways long established as critical to TR, our results highlight the importance of stress and wounding pathways. Potential regulatory hubs of signaling within and across these pathways include GROWTH REGULATORY FACTOR 1 (GRF1), PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4-KINASE β1 (PI-4Kβ1), and OBF-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (OBP1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Nagle
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jialin Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Damanpreet Kaur
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ekaterina Peremyslova
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Statistics Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Greg S Goralogia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Anna Magnuson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jia Yi Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Li Fuxin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Nagle MF, Nahata SS, Zahl B, Niño de Rivera A, Tacker XV, Elorriaga E, Ma C, Goralogia GS, Klocko AL, Gordon M, Joshi S, Strauss SH. Knockout of floral and meiosis genes using CRISPR/Cas9 produces male-sterility in Eucalyptus without impacts on vegetative growth. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e507. [PMID: 37456612 PMCID: PMC10345981 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus spp. are widely cultivated for the production of pulp, energy, essential oils, and as ornamentals. However, their dispersal from plantings, especially when grown as an exotic, can cause ecological disruptions. To provide new tools for prevention of sexual dispersal by pollen as well as to induce male-sterility for hybrid breeding, we studied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated knockout of three floral genes in both FT-expressing (early-flowering) and non-FT genotypes. We report male-sterile phenotypes resulting from knockout of the homologs of all three genes, including one involved in meiosis and two regulating early stages of pollen development. The targeted genes were Eucalyptus homologs of REC8 (EREC8), TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION 1 (ETDF1), and HECATE3 (EHEC3-like). The erec8 knockouts yielded abnormal pollen grains and a predominance of inviable pollen, whereas the etdf1 and ehec3-like knockouts produced virtually no pollen. In addition to male-sterility, both erec8 and ehec3-like knockouts may provide complete sterility because the failure of erec8 to undergo meiosis is expected to be independent of sex, and ehec3-like knockouts produce flowers with shortened styles and no visible stigmas. When comparing knockouts to controls in wild-type (non-early-flowering) backgrounds, we did not find visible morphological or statistical differences in vegetative traits, including average single-leaf mass, stem volume, density of oil glands, or chlorophyll in leaves. Loss-of-function mutations in any of these three genes show promise as a means of inducing male- or complete sterility without impacting vegetative development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Nagle
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Surbhi S. Nahata
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Bahiya Zahl
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Alexa Niño de Rivera
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Xavier V. Tacker
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Estefania Elorriaga
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Amy L. Klocko
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sonali Joshi
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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Blair EJ, Goralogia GS, Lincoln MJ, Imaizumi T, Nagel DH. Clock-Controlled and Cold-Induced CYCLING DOF FACTOR6 Alters Growth and Development in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:919676. [PMID: 35958204 PMCID: PMC9361860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock represents a critical regulatory network, which allows plants to anticipate environmental changes as inputs and promote plant survival by regulating various physiological outputs. Here, we examine the function of the clock-regulated transcription factor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR 6 (CDF6), during cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the clock gates CDF6 transcript accumulation in the vasculature during cold stress. CDF6 mis-expression results in an altered flowering phenotype during both ambient and cold stress. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis links CDF6 to genes associated with flowering and seed germination during cold and ambient temperatures, respectively. Analysis of key floral regulators indicates that CDF6 alters flowering during cold stress by repressing photoperiodic flowering components, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), CONSTANS (CO), and BROTHER OF FT (BFT). Gene ontology enrichment further suggests that CDF6 regulates circadian and developmental-associated genes. These results provide insights into how the clock-controlled CDF6 modulates plant development during moderate cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Blair
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Lincoln
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dawn H. Nagel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Goralogia GS, Howe GT, Brunner AM, Helliwell E, Nagle MF, Ma C, Lu H, Goddard AL, Magnuson AC, Klocko AL, Strauss SH. Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees. Hortic Res 2021; 8:167. [PMID: 34333535 PMCID: PMC8325693 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants, particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as poplar. We report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), a homolog of the Arabidopsis MADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic poplars. Higher expression of SVL correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance, and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics, tree form, or stem volume. Overexpression effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and genotype-specific. Our results suggest that use of SVL and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S Goralogia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Glenn T Howe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amy M Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Emily Helliwell
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael F Nagle
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amanda L Goddard
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna C Magnuson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amy L Klocko
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Krahmer J, Goralogia GS, Kubota A, Zardilis A, Johnson RS, Song YH, MacCoss MJ, Le Bihan T, Halliday KJ, Imaizumi T, Millar AJ. Time-resolved interaction proteomics of the GIGANTEA protein under diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:319-338. [PMID: 30536871 PMCID: PMC6373471 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific protein GIGANTEA (GI) controls many developmental and physiological processes, mediating rhythmic post-translational regulation. GI physically binds several proteins implicated in the circadian clock, photoperiodic flowering, and abiotic stress responses. To understand GI's multifaceted function, we aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively identify potential interactors of GI in a time-specific manner, using proteomics on Arabidopsis plants expressing epitope-tagged GI. We detected previously identified (in)direct interactors of GI, as well as proteins implicated in protein folding, or degradation, and a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR6 (CDF6). We verified CDF6's direct interaction with GI, and ZEITLUPE/FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1/LIGHT KELCH PROTEIN 2 proteins, and demonstrated its involvement in photoperiodic flowering. Extending interaction proteomics to time series provides a data resource of candidate protein targets for GI's post-translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Akane Kubota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, NaraJapan
| | - Argyris Zardilis
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Young Hun Song
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Life SciencesAjou UniversitySuwonKorea
| | | | - Thierry Le Bihan
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Millar
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
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Goralogia GS, Liu T, Zhao L, Panipinto PM, Groover ED, Bains YS, Imaizumi T. CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 represses transcription through the TOPLESS co-repressor to control photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2017; 92:244-262. [PMID: 28752516 PMCID: PMC5634919 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (CDF1) and its homologs play an important role in the floral transition by repressing the expression of floral activator genes such as CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis. The day-length-specific removal of CDF1-dependent repression is a critical mechanism in photoperiodic flowering. However, the mechanism by which CDF1 represses CO and FT transcription remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CDF proteins contain non-EAR motif-like conserved domains required for interaction with the TOPLESS (TPL) co-repressor protein. This TPL interaction confers a repressive function on CDF1, as mutations of the N-terminal TPL binding domain largely impair the ability of CDF1 protein to repress its targets. TPL proteins are present on specific regions of the CO and FT promoters where CDF1 binds during the morning. In addition, TPL binding increases when CDF1 expression is elevated, suggesting that TPL is recruited to these promoters in a time-dependent fashion by CDFs. Moreover, reduction of TPL activity induced by expressing a dominant negative version of TPL (tpl-1) in phloem companion cells results in early flowering and a decreased sensitivity to photoperiod in a manner similar to a cdf loss-of-function mutant. Our results indicate that the mechanism of CDF1 repression is through the formation of a CDF-TPL transcriptional complex, which reduces the expression levels of CO and FT during the morning for seasonal flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Tongkun Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Paul M. Panipinto
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Evan D. Groover
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Yashkarn S. Bains
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
- For correspondence:
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Kubota A, Ito S, Shim JS, Johnson RS, Song YH, Breton G, Goralogia GS, Kwon MS, Laboy Cintrón D, Koyama T, Ohme-Takagi M, Pruneda-Paz JL, Kay SA, MacCoss MJ, Imaizumi T. TCP4-dependent induction of CONSTANS transcription requires GIGANTEA in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2017. [PMID: 28628608 PMCID: PMC5495492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is one of the most reliable environmental cues for plants to regulate flowering timing. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor plays a central role in regulating photoperiodic flowering. In contrast to posttranslational regulation of CO protein, still little was known about CO transcriptional regulation. Here we show that the CINCINNATA (CIN) clade of class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/ CYCLOIDEA/ PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN FACTOR (TCP) proteins act as CO activators. Our yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that class II CIN-TCPs, including TCP4, bind to the CO promoter. TCP4 induces CO expression around dusk by directly associating with the CO promoter in vivo. In addition, TCP4 binds to another flowering regulator, GIGANTEA (GI), in the nucleus, and induces CO expression in a GI-dependent manner. The physical association of TCP4 with the CO promoter was reduced in the gi mutant, suggesting that GI may enhance the DNA-binding ability of TCP4. Our tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) analysis identified all class II CIN-TCPs as the components of the in vivo TCP4 complex, and the gi mutant did not alter the composition of the TCP4 complex. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel function of CIN-TCPs as photoperiodic flowering regulators, which may contribute to coordinating plant development with flowering regulation. For plant adaptation to seasonal environments, a crucial developmental event is flowering, as proper timing of flowering affects reproductive success. Although plants monitor various environmental parameters to optimize this timing, photoperiod information is important for plants to regulate seasonal flowering time, because changes in photoperiod occur in a predictable manner throughout the year. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana responds to photoperiodic changes and flowers under long-day conditions. Based on genetic analyses using mutants defective in the photoperiodic flowering response, we learned that the transcription factor referred to as CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in regulating the timing of flowering by directly controlling the expression of florigen (flowering-inducing substrate) gene. Long-day afternoon expression of CO is critical for this regulation; however, we had limited knowledge of CO transcriptional regulation. Here we identified that a group of plant-specific transcription factors belonging to the TCP gene family function as novel CO transcriptional activators. We demonstrated that TCP transcription factors regulate CO transcription together with known regulators of CO. Our results imply that plants utilize multiple transcription factors to precisely coordinate the expression of the key regulator gene, CO, which will directly affect flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kubota
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yong Hun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Greg S. Goralogia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dianne Laboy Cintrón
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tomotsugu Koyama
- Bioorganic Research Center, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jose L. Pruneda-Paz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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