1
|
Badran G, Grare C, Masson JD, David MO, Achour D, Guidice JML, Garçon G, Crépeaux G. Difference in the cellular response following THP-1 derived phagocytic monocyte cells exposure to commercial aluminum-based adjuvants and aluminum-containing vaccines. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127394. [PMID: 38262194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum-based adjuvants (ABAs) enhance the immune response following vaccine injection. Their mechanisms of action are not fully understood, and their bio-persistency have been described associated with long-term adverse effects. METHODS We evaluated and compared the cellular effects of the two main ABAs and whole vaccines on ATP production, ROS generation and cytokines production (IL-6 and IL-10), using THP-1 cells. RESULTS ABAs altered the cell energy metabolism by increasing ROS production after 24 h and reducing ATP production after 48 h. In addition, both ABAs and whole vaccines induced different kinetics of IL-6 production, whereas only ABAs induced IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSION This study showed clearly, for a first time, a difference in cellular response to the ABAs and whole vaccines which should be taken into consideration in future studies focusing on the effect of ABA in vaccines. Future studies on ABAs should also pay attention to mitochondrial function alterations following exposure to ABA-containing vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa Badran
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Céline Grare
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie-Odile David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Univ Evry, Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, U1204, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Djamal Achour
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lo Guidice
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Angrand L, Masson JD, Rubio-Casillas A, Nosten-Bertrand M, Crépeaux G. Correction: Angrand et al. Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants. Toxics 2022, 10, 518. Toxics 2023; 11:95. [PMID: 36851073 PMCID: PMC9916483 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
- Autlán Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marika Nosten-Bertrand
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Angrand L, Masson JD, Rubio-Casillas A, Nosten-Bertrand M, Crépeaux G. Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10090518. [PMID: 36136483 PMCID: PMC9502677 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are genetically complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) resulting from genetic factors and gene-environment (GxE) interactions for which onset occurs in early brain development. Recent progress highlights the link between ASD and (i) immunogenetics, neurodevelopment, and inflammation, and (ii) impairments of autophagy, a crucial neurodevelopmental process involved in synaptic pruning. Among various environmental factors causing risk for ASD, aluminum (Al)-containing vaccines injected during critical periods have received special attention and triggered relevant scientific questions. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge on the role of early inflammation, immune and autophagy dysfunction in ASD as well as preclinical studies which question Al adjuvant impacts on brain and immune maturation. We highlight the most recent breakthroughs and the lack of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data constituting a "scientific gap". We propose additional research, such as genetic studies that could contribute to identify populations at genetic risk, improving diagnosis, and potentially the development of new therapeutic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Autlán Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marika Nosten-Bertrand
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Badran G, Angrand L, Masson JD, Crépeaux G, David MO. Physico-chemical properties of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: Implications for toxicological evaluation. Vaccine 2022; 40:4881-4888. [PMID: 35810062 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salts have been used as adjuvants in human vaccines since 1932. The most used adjuvants are Al oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) and Al hydroxyphosphate (AlOHPO4). Al adjuvants have different physico-chemical properties. The differences in these properties are not well documented and not considered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), though they can largely influence biological effects of the adjuvants which are particulate components. In this study, different physico-chemical properties including the shape, size and charge of particles have been evaluated under different conditions in three Al adjuvants containing-vaccines and two corresponding commercial adjuvants suspensions. The results showed that the two Al adjuvants have different shapes, sizes and charges but both form aggregates. In addition, a clear effect of dilution on the size of the aggregates was observed. Moreover, different sizes of Al particles were measured for both Al oxyhydroxide adjuvant alone or in the vaccine, at identical concentrations, displaying the impact of adsorbed proteins on the size of aggregates in the case of the vaccine. Taken together, this paper suggests the importance to evaluate, before any biological and especially toxicological impact study, the whole physico-chemical properties of Al particle without restricting to the sole evaluation of the injected concentration. Furthermore, any modification of these mentioned parameters during manipulation, before animal or cell exposure, should be considered. In a more global way, the fixed "safe dose" of Al adjuvants should be specific for each type of Al adjuvant independently or for a mix of the two compounds, due to their different properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa Badran
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Univ Evry, Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, U1204, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Odile David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Univ Evry, Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, U1204, 91025 Evry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masson JD, Angrand L, Badran G, de Miguel R, Crépeaux G. Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies? Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:403-419. [PMID: 36112128 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) salts are commonly used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines for almost a century. Despite this long history of use and the very large number of exposed individuals, data in the literature concerning the fate of these molecules after injection and their potential effects on the nervous system is limited. In the context of (i) an increase of exposure to Al salts through vaccination; (ii) the absence of safety values determined by health regulators; (iii) the lack of robustness of the studies used as references to officially claim Al adjuvant innocuity; (iv) the publication of several animal studies investigating Al salts clearance/biopersistence and neurotoxicity; we have examined in this review all published studies performed on animals and assessing Al adjuvants kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulation since the first work of A. Glenny in the 1920s. The diversity of methodological approaches, results, and potential weaknesses of the 31 collected studies are exposed. A large range of protocols has been used, including a variety of exposure schedule and analyses methods, making comparisons between studies uneasy. Nevertheless, published data highlight that when biopersistence, translocation, or neuromodulation were assessed, they were documented whatever the different in vivo models and methods used. Moreover, the studies pointed out the crucial importance of the different Al adjuvant physicochemical properties and host genetic background on their kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects. Regarding the state of the art on this key public health topic, further studies are clearly needed to determine the exact safety level of Al salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-D Masson
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - L Angrand
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Badran
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire SABNP, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Paris, France
| | - R de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Crépeaux
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crépeaux G, Authier FJ, Exley C, Luján L, Gherardi RK. The role of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines raises issues that deserve independent, rigorous and honest science. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126632. [PMID: 32823165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | | | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crépeaux G, Gherardi RK, Authier FJ. ASIA, chronic fatigue syndrome, and selective low dose neurotoxicity of aluminum adjuvants. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019. [PMID: 29525002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, H. Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, H. Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Crépeaux G, Exley C, Shaw CA, Gherardi RK. Retraction Notice to "Letter to the editor". Toxicology 2018; 410:170. [PMID: 30389051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Christopher A Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crépeaux G, Gherardi RK. Letter To Editor. Toxicology 2018; 410:166-167. [PMID: 29908942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Masson JD, Crépeaux G, Authier FJ, Exley C, Gherardi RK. Critical analysis of reference studies on the toxicokinetics of aluminum-based adjuvants. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 181:87-95. [PMID: 29307441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the three toxicokinetic reference studies commonly used to suggest that aluminum (Al)-based adjuvants are innocuous. A single experimental study was carried out using isotopic 26Al (Flarend et al., Vaccine, 1997). This study used aluminum salts resembling those used in vaccines but ignored adjuvant uptake by cells that was not fully documented at the time. It was conducted over a short period of time (28days) and used only two rabbits per adjuvant. At the endpoint, Al elimination in the urine accounted for 6% for Al hydroxide and 22% for Al phosphate, both results being incompatible with rapid elimination of vaccine-derived Al in urine. Two theoretical studies have evaluated the potential risk of vaccine Al in infants, by reference to an oral "minimal risk level" (MRL) extrapolated from animal studies. Keith et al. (Vaccine, 2002) used a high MRL (2mg/kg/d), an erroneous model of 100% immediate absorption of vaccine Al, and did not consider renal and blood-brain barrier immaturity. Mitkus et al. (Vaccine, 2011) only considered solubilized Al, with erroneous calculations of absorption duration. Systemic Al particle diffusion and neuro-inflammatory potential were omitted. The MRL they used was both inappropriate (oral Al vs. injected adjuvant) and still too high (1mg/kg/d) regarding recent animal studies. Both paucity and serious weaknesses of reference studies strongly suggest that novel experimental studies of Al adjuvants toxicokinetics should be performed on the long-term, including both neonatal and adult exposures, to ensure their safety and restore population confidence in Al-containing vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Masson
- INSERM U955 E10, Biologie du système neuromusculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- INSERM U955 E10, Biologie du système neuromusculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France; Génétique médicale comparée des affections neuromusculaires, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du général de Gaulle, 9400 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- INSERM U955 E10, Biologie du système neuromusculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- INSERM U955 E10, Biologie du système neuromusculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Masson JD, Crépeaux G, Authier FJ, Exley C, Gherardi R. Adjuvants aluminiques des vaccins : analyse critique des études toxicocinétiques de référence. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 2017; 75:245-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Crépeaux G, Eidi H, David MO, Baba-Amer Y, Tzavara E, Giros B, Authier FJ, Exley C, Shaw CA, Cadusseau J, Gherardi RK. Non-linear dose-response of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant particles: Selective low dose neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2016; 375:48-57. [PMID: 27908630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel®), the main adjuvant licensed for human and animal vaccines, consists of primary nanoparticles that spontaneously agglomerate. Concerns about its safety emerged following recognition of its unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence within immune cells in some individuals, and reports of chronic fatigue syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, myalgia, dysautonomia and autoimmune/inflammatory features temporally linked to multiple Al-containing vaccine administrations. Mouse experiments have documented its capture and slow transportation by monocyte-lineage cells from the injected muscle to lymphoid organs and eventually the brain. The present study aimed at evaluating mouse brain function and Al concentration 180days after injection of various doses of Alhydrogel® (200, 400 and 800μg Al/kg of body weight) in the tibialis anterior muscle in adult female CD1 mice. Cognitive and motor performances were assessed by 8 validated tests, microglial activation by Iba-1 immunohistochemistry, and Al level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. An unusual neuro-toxicological pattern limited to a low dose of Alhydrogel® was observed. Neurobehavioural changes, including decreased activity levels and altered anxiety-like behaviour, were observed compared to controls in animals exposed to 200μg Al/kg but not at 400 and 800μg Al/kg. Consistently, microglial number appeared increased in the ventral forebrain of the 200μg Al/kg group. Cerebral Al levels were selectively increased in animals exposed to the lowest dose, while muscle granulomas had almost completely disappeared at 6 months in these animals. We conclude that Alhydrogel® injected at low dose in mouse muscle may selectively induce long-term Al cerebral accumulation and neurotoxic effects. To explain this unexpected result, an avenue that could be explored in the future relates to the adjuvant size since the injected suspensions corresponding to the lowest dose, but not to the highest doses, exclusively contained small agglomerates in the bacteria-size range known to favour capture and, presumably, transportation by monocyte-lineage cells. In any event, the view that Alhydrogel® neurotoxicity obeys "the dose makes the poison" rule of classical chemical toxicity appears overly simplistic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Housam Eidi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Inserm U1204, Université Evry Val d'Essonne (UEVE), Evry, France
| | | | - Yasmine Baba-Amer
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Eleni Tzavara
- Inserm U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Giros
- Inserm U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christopher A Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josette Cadusseau
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Faculté des Sciences &Technologies UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Masson
- Association E3M (Entraide aux Malades de Myofasciite à Macrophages), Monprimblanc, France
| | - Michel Thibaudon
- Pharmacien « Service des Allergènes », de l’Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, & Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eidi H, David MO, Crépeaux G, Henry L, Joshi V, Berger MH, Sennour M, Cadusseau J, Gherardi RK, Curmi PA. Fluorescent nanodiamonds as a relevant tag for the assessment of alum adjuvant particle biodisposition. BMC Med 2015; 13:144. [PMID: 26082187 PMCID: PMC4482291 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunologic adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to alum particles have emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, revealing an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells and a fundamental misconception of its biodisposition. Evidence that aluminum-coated particles phagocytozed in the injected muscle and its draining lymph nodes can disseminate within phagocytes throughout the body and slowly accumulate in the brain further suggested that alum safety should be evaluated in the long term. However, lack of specific staining makes difficult the assessment of low quantities of bona fide alum adjuvant particles in tissues. METHODS We explored the feasibility of using fluorescent functionalized nanodiamonds (mfNDs) as a permanent label of alum (Alhydrogel(®)). mfNDs have a specific and perfectly photostable fluorescence based on the presence within the diamond lattice of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers). As the NV center does not bleach, it allows the microspectrometric detection of mfNDs at very low levels and in the long-term. We thus developed fluorescent nanodiamonds functionalized by hyperbranched polyglycerol (mfNDs) allowing good coupling and stability of alum:mfNDs (AluDia) complexes. Specificities of AluDia complexes were comparable to the whole reference vaccine (anti-hepatitis B vaccine) in terms of particle size and zeta potential. RESULTS In vivo, AluDia injection was followed by prompt phagocytosis and AluDia particles remained easily detectable by the specific signal of the fND particles in the injected muscle, draining lymph nodes, spleen, liver and brain. In vitro, mfNDs had low toxicity on THP-1 cells and AluDia showed cell toxicity similar to alum alone. Expectedly, AluDia elicited autophagy, and allowed highly specific detection of small amounts of alum in autophagosomes. CONCLUSIONS The fluorescent nanodiamond technology is able to overcome the limitations of previously used organic fluorophores, thus appearing as a choice methodology for studying distribution, persistence and long-term neurotoxicity of alum adjuvants and beyond of other types of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Housam Eidi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - UMR 1204, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, France. .,Inserm - U955, Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
| | - Marie-Odile David
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - UMR 1204, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, France.
| | | | - Laetitia Henry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - UMR 1204, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, France.
| | - Vandana Joshi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - UMR 1204, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Berger
- Laboratoire Pierre-Marie Fourt, Centre des Matériaux de l'Ecole des Mines de Paris and CNRS UMR 7633, Evry, France.
| | - Mohamed Sennour
- Laboratoire Pierre-Marie Fourt, Centre des Matériaux de l'Ecole des Mines de Paris and CNRS UMR 7633, Evry, France.
| | - Josette Cadusseau
- Inserm - U955, Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France. .,Faculté des Sciences et Technologie UPEC, Créteil, France.
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- Inserm - U955, Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
| | - Patrick A Curmi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - UMR 1204, Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gherardi RK, Eidi H, Crépeaux G, Authier FJ, Cadusseau J. Biopersistence and brain translocation of aluminum adjuvants of vaccines. Front Neurol 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25699008 PMCID: PMC4318414 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to the use of alum particles emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion detected in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue/syndrome. MMF revealed an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells in presumably susceptible individuals, stressing the previous fundamental misconception of its biodisposition. We previously showed that poorly biodegradable aluminum-coated particles injected into muscle are promptly phagocytosed in muscle and the draining lymph nodes, and can disseminate within phagocytic cells throughout the body and slowly accumulate in brain. This strongly suggests that long-term adjuvant biopersistence within phagocytic cells is a prerequisite for slow brain translocation and delayed neurotoxicity. The understanding of basic mechanisms of particle biopersistence and brain translocation represents a major health challenge, since it could help to define susceptibility factors to develop chronic neurotoxic damage. Biopersistence of alum may be linked to its lysosome-destabilizing effect, which is likely due to direct crystal-induced rupture of phagolysosomal membranes. Macrophages that continuously perceive foreign particles in their cytosol will likely reiterate, with variable interindividual efficiency, a dedicated form of autophagy (xenophagy) until they dispose of alien materials. Successful compartmentalization of particles within double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with repaired and re-acidified lysosomes will expose alum to lysosomal acidic pH, the sole factor that can solubilize alum particles. Brain translocation of alum particles is linked to a Trojan horse mechanism previously described for infectious particles (HIV, HCV), that obeys to CCL2, signaling the major inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Kroum Gherardi
- Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, INSERM U955 Team 10, Université Paris Est-Créteil , Créteil , France
| | - Housam Eidi
- Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, INSERM U955 Team 10, Université Paris Est-Créteil , Créteil , France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, INSERM U955 Team 10, Université Paris Est-Créteil , Créteil , France
| | - François Jerome Authier
- Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, INSERM U955 Team 10, Université Paris Est-Créteil , Créteil , France
| | - Josette Cadusseau
- Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, INSERM U955 Team 10, Université Paris Est-Créteil , Créteil , France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Crépeaux G, Bouillaud-Kremarik P, Sikhayeva N, Rychen G, Soulimani R, Schroeder H. Late effects of a perinatal exposure to a 16 PAH mixture: Increase of anxiety-related behaviours and decrease of regional brain metabolism in adult male rats. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:105-13. [PMID: 22450773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants originated from incomplete combustion processes. Ingestion of contaminated food is the main route of exposure for humans. These molecules are able to cross the placental barrier and are also found in breast milk. Since PAHs are neurotoxic agents, the potential adverse effects of a perinatal exposure of the developing brain is a key issue for public health especially concerning PAH mixture. In this study, female rats were exposed trough diet to a mixture of 16 PAHs, at doses of 2 μg/kg/day or 200 μg/kg/day during gestation and 1.5 μg/kg/day or 150 μg/kg/day during breast-feeding period. To assess late neurotoxic effects in male offsprings, behavioural and cognitive tests were carried out and histochemical analyses using cytochrome oxidase as a cerebral metabolism marker were performed on adult animals. Results showed that anxiety-related behaviours significantly increased in exposed animals, but there was no significant alteration of motor activity and learning and memory abilities. Several brain areas of the limbic system showed a neuronal hypometabolism in exposed animals. This work highlights that exposure to PAHs at early stages of brain development can cause later troubles on behaviour and that PAHs are able to partly alter the central nervous system metabolism on adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Crépeaux
- Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, INRA UC340, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|