A Case Report on Congenitally Absent Bilateral Maxillary Primary and Permanent Lateral Incisors

Hypodontia is uncommon in the deciduous dentition with a prevalence that ranges from 0.5% to 0.9%, with the maxillary lateral incisor being the most affected unilaterally or bilaterally.This paper reports a case of a 6 year old female with the chief complaint of missing teeth in the upper right and left tooth region. Thorough evaluation of the primary dentition visually and permanent dentition radiographically was done. There was missing 52 and 62, along with a lack of initiation of permanent successors 12 and 22. The case was non-syndromic. Though several treatment options are available but the treatment planning depends on the evolution of the case. It requires extensive and complex treatments with early and prior identification of missing primary dentition anomalies that can guide the dentist to prevent future permanent dentition ailments and planning interceptive dental treatment at the appropriate time. At present the case is under follow up.

Evaluation of Shear Peel Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Cements Used for Fixed Space Maintainer Cementation: An In Vitro Study

Aim and objective

This study aims to compare the retentive strength of different adhesive cements used for band cementation of fixed space maintainer by comparing the shear peel bond strength and mode of failure for each adhesive material using three different adhesive cements.

Materials and methods

Eighty intact extracted teeth were used to assess the shear peel bond strength. Preformed bands were adapted to each tooth. Three cements compared in this in vitro study are glass ionomer cement [Ketac Cem radiopaque (3M ESPE)], resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RelyX luting 2(3M ESPE)], and self-adhesive resin cement [RelyX U200 (3M ESPE)]. The teeth were randomly divided to four groups of 20 samples each. All samples were stored at 37°C for 24 hours before testing. All specimens were tested in a tensile mode using a universal testing machine to determine shear peel bond. After debonding procedure, each specimen was visually assessed at the site of cement.

Results

The results of our study showed that the greatest resistance to decementation was shown by self-adhesive resin cement (256.85 N) followed by resin-modified GIC (165.40 N) and GIC (127.40 N) (p < 0.001). Self-adhesive resin cement has the greatest shear peel bond strength (2.36 MPa) followed by resin-modified GIC (1.53 MPa), conventional GIC (1.22 MPa), and bands without cementation (0.29 MPa) (p < 0.001). In terms of adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, it was seen that the decementation of bands of both conventional GIC and self-adhesive resin cements occurred at the band/enamel interface. However, resin-modified GIC showed varied results in the ARI scores.

Conclusion

The findings of our study suggest that self-adhesive resin cements can be used for cementation of bands of fixed space maintainers. However, further research with short-term and long-term data is required to evaluate the ability of these cements for its application in vivo.

How to cite this article

Kaur J, Singh A, Sadana G, et al. Evaluation of Shear Peel Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Cements Used for Fixed Space Maintainer Cementation: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):175-179.

Clinical Comparison of Three Tooth-colored Full-coronal Restorations in Primary Maxillary Incisors

Aim

The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the surface texture, anatomical form, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and secondary caries of three different types of crowns in primary anterior teeth at different time intervals of 3, 6, and 9 months.

Materials and methods

Total 45 primary maxillary incisors were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 15 each: group I—strip crowns (Pedoform strip crowns, 3M, United States), group II—zirconia crown (kids-e-crown, India), and group III—luxa crown (DMG, Germany). All the full-coronal restorations were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 months. The modified USPHS criteria were used to evaluate different parameters. Data were collected and the nonparametric test (Chi-square) was used to analyze the intergroup data.

Results

Statistically nonsignificant difference was observed for most of the parameters except marginal integrity and secondary caries. Resin strip crowns showed maximum cases with distorted marginal integrity and secondary caries.

Conclusion

Zirconia crown performed best among the three full-coronal restorations. Luxa crown performed similar to zirconia crown. It can be used as an alternative economical esthetic full-coronal restoration for primary maxillary anterior incisors.

Clinical significance

This study illustrates the advantage of the temporization material as a full-coronal restoration option in primary maxillary anterior teeth.

How to cite this article

Nischal M, Gupta T, Mehra M, et al. Clinical Comparison of Three Tooth-colored Full-coronal Restorations in Primary Maxillary Incisors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):622–629.

Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Different Core Build-up Materials: An In Vitro Study

The aim is to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with posterior direct composite (PRC) resin, bulk-fill composite resin, dual-cure composite (DCC) resin, and short fiber-reinforced composite (SFC) resin material.

Plaque Removal Efficacy of Different Toothbrushes: A Comparative Study

Aim and objective

This study aimed to compare the plaque removal efficacy of different toothbrushes and to ascertain the most efficient mechanical mean for daily plaque removal so as to maintain oral health in a preeminent way.

Study design

It was a randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of 60 subjects divided into three groups (group I ultrasonic and sonic toothbrush, group II multidirectional toothbrush, and group III manual toothbrush) with 20 in each group. Prebrushing and postbrushing plaque scores were recorded at weekly intervals for four weeks using Turesky modification of Quigley and Hein plaque index.

Results

Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) existed in mean percent reduction of pre-day 1 to pre-day 28 mean percent reduction in plaque values of the ultrasonic toothbrush group (111.92 ± 25.20), the multidirectional toothbrush group (189.06 ± 52.70), and the manual toothbrush group (42.34 ± 14.77). Similar results were found in post-day 1 to post-day 28 mean percent reduction in plaque values.

Conclusion

Group II (i.e., multidirectional toothbrush) showed maximum mean percent reduction in prebrushing and postbrushing plaque scores at the end of four weeks when compared with the baseline values followed by ultrasonic toothbrush and manual toothbrush.

How to cite this article

Aggarwal N, Gupta S, Grover R, et al. Plaque Removal Efficacy of Different Toothbrushes: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):385-390.

Effect of Esthetic Defects in Anterior Teeth on the Emotional and Social Well-being of Children: A Survey

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether imperfections in the anterior dentition affect the emotional and/or social well being of school going children in Amritsar district of Punjab, India.

Methods

A total of 2582 children between the ages 10 and 15 years of both genders were examined. Of these, 528 children with esthetic imperfections were asked a series of questions to assess their emotional and social disposition, with respect to children with no esthetic defects.

Results

Females were more shy if they did not have a perfect anterior dentition (p = 0.000). Low socioeconomic status corresponded with gender (females) in determining emotional insecurity. Malocclusion was the most common cause of aesthetic defects (291/528 children), followed by causes such as, hypoplasisa/hypocalcification, stains, peg shaped, microdontia, congenitally missing (46.4%), trauma (30.5%) and caries (1.2%). Irrespective of cause of defect, 53.8% of children were emotionally affected, in that, were fearful of being teased by other children (77.1%).

How to cite this article

Gupta T, Sadana G, et al. Effect of Esthetic Defects in Anterior Teeth on the Emotional and Social Well-being of Children: A Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(3):229-232.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Upper-middle Class toward the Importance of a Pediatric Dentist

Aims and Objectives

This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of upper middle class toward the importance of a pediatric dentist in the city of Amritsar, Punjab.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among the parents of children belonging to upper middle class in the city of Amritsar. This proposed study was assessed by the Institutional Ethical Committee (531/IDSR/2016) and their clearance was attained. A total of 950 parents were selected using a convenient sampling technique, and a self-made questionnaire was presented to them. Responses from the parents were evaluated in terms of numbers and percentages and were statistically analyzed using SPSS for Windows release 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences at the 5% level were accepted as being statistically significant.

Results

The results of the study show limited knowledge about a pediatric dentist among the well-educated, well-placed, and economically sound citizens of Amritsar city. Consequently, the attitude and practices among this socioeconomic group are unconstructive and unprepared, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the importance of taking a child to a pediatrician is a common practice among the upper and upper-middle classes of the society, it is clear that they do not give the same importance to a pediatric dentist, who is the pediatrician of dentistry.

Evaluation of the Impact of Oral Health Education on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Plaque Control of School-going Children in the City of Amritsar

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The present study aims to evaluate the impact of oral health education on oral hygiene knowledge and plaque control of school-going children in the city of Amritsar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was carried out for 6 weeks and included four groups of schoolchildren of 10-12 years of age. Children were randomly selected and assigned into one of the four groups - Group I (verbal communication), Group II (verbal communication and self-educational pamphlets), Group III (audiovisual aids and verbal communication), and Group IV (control group). Oral health education was assessed by getting a questionnaire filled by children and plaque scores was recorded using Silness and Loe plaque index before and after the study. The data were then compared and analyzed using SPSS 16 software manufactured by IBM.

RESULTS

Differences in knowledge gain after the dental health education were statistically significant between all the groups, except between Group II and Group III in which the difference was not found to be significant. Group III showed the highest decrease in plaque score followed by Group II. There was a significant difference in reduction in plaque scores between all the groups, except between the Groups II and III.

CONCLUSION

Both methods, i.e., pamphlets and audiovisual aids when used along with oral lectures, are equally effective in improving the knowledge and plaque scores in children.

A novel Chotta Bheem-Chutki scale for dental anxiety determination in children

Objective:

A potential problem in patient management in pediatric dentistry is dental anxiety among children. It is of paramount importance for pediatric dentists to identify an anxious child and review potential management options specific to every child. The aim of this study is to validate a newly devised Chotta Bheem–Chutki (CBC) pictorial scale and to compare this with Venham's pictorial scale (VPS) and facial image scale (FIS) to measure dental anxiety in young children during their first dental visit.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred children aged 4–12 years were randomly selected from our hospital outpatient department. Child's anxiety levels were measured using three different scales; the VPS, FIS, and the newly devised CBC pictorial scale. The scores were recorded by asking the children to choose the figure they identified with at that instant. The scores obtained from all the three scales were compared using student's t-test. Pearson correlation test was used to obtain correlation among the scales used in the study.

Results:

A strong correlation (0.778) was found between FIS and CBC scale. Moreover, a strong correlation (0.811) was found between VPS and CBC scale, indicating good validity of the CBC scale. Seventy five percent of the children found CBC scale to be the easiest among the three scales.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study suggest that CBC scale can be used as a new tool for dental anxiety assessment in children.

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Interest in noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation both as an alternative to intubation and mechanical ventilation and as a unique therapy has grown over recent years. Clinical and patient acceptance is highest in neuromuscular deficits, but supporting evidence for its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is highly dependent on the application. This review considers the clinical implementation of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure, as a postextubation weaning alternative, in stable severe hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in overlap syndrome, and for nocturnal oxygen desaturation. Some applications are well supported, leading to a cautious recommendation for its utilizatip4, whereas for others evidence is starkly conflicting. The clinical efficacy of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is vastly dependent on equipment, equipment-patient interface, pressure settings, physician's bedside manner, and experience of the center. Interpretation of the studies must take into account the foregoing factors along with the various ventilatory techniques and differing primary outcome measures. Generalizations can be made regarding indications and contraindications, but this is an area rife with exceptions. The subtle message from the clinical studies describes the importance of the clinical art applied from the palette of science and technology.