1
|
Bulagouda R, Hegde S, Hegde R, Hiremath A, Wali GM, Kadakol GS. Variation in Exon 29 of the NOS1 Gene Does Not Contribute to Parkinson's Disease in the North Karnataka Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e45347. [PMID: 37849584 PMCID: PMC10577605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction has been found to have neurotoxic effects on the brain. Moreover, in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced, the suppression of the NO-synthesizing enzymes, such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), has neuroprotective benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings imply that NOS may have a role in regulating the nigral dopaminergic neurons' tolerance to environmental stressors in PD. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated variations in the NOS1 gene that may raise the likelihood of PD. METHODS PD patients who visited the neurology departments of several medical colleges and hospitals in North Karnataka, India, between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. The detailed clinic pathological details were obtained from 100 PD patients. Genomic DNA was isolated using the kit method followed by the evaluation of the quality and quantity of isolated gDNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exon 29 was performed, and sequencing was performed using the Applied Biosystems ABI 3500 Sanger sequencing platform. RESULTS The present study is comprised of 100 PD patients, which includes 65 males and 35 females. There were 64 sporadic, 34 idiopathic, and two familial PD cases. The majority (67.1%) of PD cases were from metropolitan areas. Community-based segregation showed that the maximum cases were from Hindu Lingayat. A proportion (90.8%) of the patients had tremors, 32.7% of them displayed slowness in their daily tasks, and 8.1% of them had dyskinesia. Molecular analysis showed two untranslated region (UTR) variations g.151787 del T (rs1434015950) and g.151745 C>T (rs2682826) in our study group. CONCLUSION The absence of mutations in the targeted NOS1 gene in the PD patients from North Karnataka shows the involvement of other genes in the molecular pathophysiology. Thus, it is crucial to screen other possible genes using cutting-edge technology to obtain a clear picture of the genetics of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudragouda Bulagouda
- Anatomy, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Smita Hegde
- Genetics, Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, IND
| | - Rajat Hegde
- Genetics, Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, IND
| | - Ashwini Hiremath
- Neurology, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
| | - G M Wali
- Neurology, Neurospecialist Centre, Belagavi, IND
| | - Gurushantappa S Kadakol
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wali GM, Wali G. Broadening the Clinical Spectrum of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Associated Dysequilibrium Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:619-623. [PMID: 33981800 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wali GM, Wali G, Kumar KR, Sue CM. Long‐Term Follow‐Up and Evolution of
ADCY5
—
From a Ballistic to Dystonic Phenotype. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:985-986. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kishore R. Kumar
- Department of Neurogenetics Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory Concord Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Neurology Concord Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajan R, Divya KP, Kandadai RM, Yadav R, Satagopam VP, Madhusoodanan UK, Agarwal P, Kumar N, Ferreira T, Kumar H, Sreeram Prasad AV, Shetty K, Mehta S, Desai S, Kumar S, Prashanth LK, Bhatt M, Wadia P, Ramalingam S, Wali GM, Pandey S, Bartusch F, Hannussek M, Krüger J, Kumar-Sreelatha A, Grover S, Lichtner P, Sturm M, Roeper J, Busskamp V, Chandak GR, Schwamborn J, Seth P, Gasser T, Riess O, Goyal V, Pal PK, Borgohain R, Krüger R, Kishore A, Sharma M. Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease in the Indian Population: Harnessing Genetic Diversity to Address Critical Gaps in Parkinson's Disease Research. Front Neurol 2020; 11:524. [PMID: 32655481 PMCID: PMC7323575 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been gleaned from the discoveries made in familial and/or sporadic forms of PD in the Caucasian population. The transferability and the clinical utility of genetic discoveries to other ethnically diverse populations are unknown. The Indian population has been under-represented in PD research. The Genetic Architecture of PD in India (GAP-India) project aims to develop one of the largest clinical/genomic bio-bank for PD in India. Specifically, GAP-India project aims to: (1) develop a pan-Indian deeply phenotyped clinical repository of Indian PD patients; (2) perform whole-genome sequencing in 500 PD samples to catalog Indian genetic variability and to develop an Indian PD map for the scientific community; (3) perform a genome-wide association study to identify novel loci for PD and (4) develop a user-friendly web-portal to disseminate results for the scientific community. Our "hub-spoke" model follows an integrative approach to develop a pan-Indian outreach to develop a comprehensive cohort for PD research in India. The alignment of standard operating procedures for recruiting patients and collecting biospecimens with international standards ensures harmonization of data/bio-specimen collection at the beginning and also ensures stringent quality control parameters for sample processing. Data sharing and protection policies follow the guidelines established by local and national authorities.We are currently in the recruitment phase targeting recruitment of 10,200 PD patients and 10,200 healthy volunteers by the end of 2020. GAP-India project after its completion will fill a critical gap that exists in PD research and will contribute a comprehensive genetic catalog of the Indian PD population to identify novel targets for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K P Divya
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, India
| | | | - Ravi Yadav
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Venkata P Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,ELIXIR-Luxembourg Node, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - U K Madhusoodanan
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, India
| | - Pankaj Agarwal
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Global Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Kuldeep Shetty
- Narayana Hrudayalaya Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Soaham Desai
- Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Vijaya Health Centre, Chennai, India
| | - L K Prashanth
- Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohit Bhatt
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sudha Ramalingam
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Belgaum, India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Neurology, G. B. Pant Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Felix Bartusch
- Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung (ZDV), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Krüger
- Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung (ZDV), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashwin Kumar-Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Human Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Pankaj Seth
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram, India
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Asha Kishore
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Neurology, G. B. Pant Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar KR, Davis RL, Tchan MC, Wali GM, Mahant N, Ng K, Kotschet K, Siow SF, Gu J, Walls Z, Kang C, Wali G, Levy S, Phua CS, Yiannikas C, Darveniza P, Chang FCF, Morales-Briceño H, Rowe DB, Drew A, Gayevskiy V, Cowley MJ, Minoche AE, Tisch S, Hayes M, Kummerfeld S, Fung VSC, Sue CM. Whole genome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of heterogenous dystonia phenotypes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 69:111-118. [PMID: 31731261 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder and a genetic cause is often difficult to elucidate. This is the first study to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate dystonia in a large sample of affected individuals. METHODS WGS was performed on 111 probands with heterogenous dystonia phenotypes. We performed analysis for coding and non-coding variants, copy number variants (CNVs), and structural variants (SVs). We assessed for an association between dystonia and 10 known dystonia risk variants. RESULTS A genetic diagnosis was obtained for 11.7% (13/111) of individuals. We found that a genetic diagnosis was more likely in those with an earlier age at onset, younger age at testing, and a combined dystonia phenotype. We identified pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variants in ADCY5 (n = 1), ATM (n = 1), GNAL (n = 2), GLB1 (n = 1), KMT2B (n = 2), PRKN (n = 2), PRRT2 (n = 1), SGCE (n = 2), and THAP1 (n = 1). CNVs were detected in 3 individuals. We found an association between the known risk variant ARSG rs11655081 and dystonia (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A genetic diagnosis was found in 11.7% of individuals with dystonia. The diagnostic yield was higher in those with an earlier age of onset, younger age at testing, and a combined dystonia phenotype. WGS may be particularly relevant for dystonia given that it allows for the detection of CNVs, which accounted for 23% of the genetically diagnosed cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia.
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Michel C Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
| | - Neil Mahant
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Karl Ng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
| | - Katya Kotschet
- Florey Neuroscience Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia.
| | - Sue-Faye Siow
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Jason Gu
- Department of Neurology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia.
| | - Zachary Walls
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Darlington, 2008, Australia.
| | - Ce Kang
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Stan Levy
- Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, 2560, Australia.
| | | | - Con Yiannikas
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
| | - Paul Darveniza
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Florence C F Chang
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Alex Drew
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Children's Cancer Institute, Kensington, 2750, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Andre E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Stephen Tisch
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Michael Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia.
| | - Sarah Kummerfeld
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wali G, Wali GM, Sue CM, Kumar KR. A Novel Homozygous Mutation in the FUCA1 Gene Highlighting Fucosidosis as a Cause of Dystonia: Case Report and Literature Review. Neuropediatrics 2019; 50:248-252. [PMID: 31064022 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1684052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the FUCA1 gene. We describe here a novel homozygous mutation in FUCA1 in an Indian fucosidosis case. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical and genetic findings in the most recently reported individuals with fucosidosis. CASE The proband is an 8-year-old boy born to consanguineous parents. He had generalized dystonia and bilateral spasticity as well as coarse facies, dysostosis multiplex, recurrent infections, angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, and visceromegaly. Whole exome sequencing analysis detected a homozygous canonical splice variant in the FUCA1 gene [Chr1(GRCh37):g.24172346C > T; NM_000147.4:c.1261-1G > A], not previously reported as causative of a human phenotype. Low levels of α-fucosidase in patient leukocytes and a positive qualitative urine based thin layer chromatography test for fucosidosis confirmed the diagnosis. Our literature review identified 89 cases of fucosidosis since the last major review. We show that dystonia is a rare manifestation (12%) and that only a small minority of cases receive treatment with transplantation (3.37%). CONCLUSION We report a novel homozygous mutation in FUCA1 as the cause of severe neurological phenotype including generalized dystonia. Early recognition of fucosidosis may be important for consideration of promising treatment options, such as bone marrow transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Belgaum, India
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia.,Translational Genome Informatics Team, Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ram M Anjanappa
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giri S, Naiya T, Roy S, Das G, Wali GM, Das SK, Ray K, Ray J. A Compound Heterozygote for GCH1 Mutation Represents a Case of Atypical Dopa-Responsive Dystonia. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:214-220. [PMID: 30911941 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), a movement disorder, is characterized by young onset dystonia and dramatic response to levodopa treatment. However, the wide range of phenotypic spectrum of the disease often leads to misdiagnosis. DRD is usually caused by mutation in GCH1 gene coding for GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) enzyme, which is involved in biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and dopamine. In this study, the entire GCH1 gene was screened in 14 Indian DRD patients and their family members. A family was identified where the proband was found to be a compound heterozygote for GCH1 (p.R184H and p.V204I) variants; the former variant being inherited from the father and the latter from the mother. All other family members harboring one of these GCH1 variants were asymptomatic except for one (heterozygous for p.R184H) who was diagnosed with DRD. In silico analyses predicted these two variants to be pathogenic and disruptive to GCH1enzymatic activity. This proband was misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy and remained untreated for 25 years. He developed retrograde movements and gait problems in lower limbs, deformity in upper limbs, and difficulty in swallowing, and became mute. However, most of his symptoms were alleviated upon levodopa administration. Our study confirms the variability of DRD phenotype and the reduced penetrance of GCH1 mutations. It also emphasizes the need of molecular diagnostic test and L-dopa trial especially for those with atypical DRD phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Giri
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Tufan Naiya
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Shubhrajit Roy
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Gautami Das
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | | | | | - Kunal Ray
- ATGC Diagnostics Private Limited, Kolkata, India
| | - Jharna Ray
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar KR, Wali GM, Kamate M, Wali G, Minoche AE, Puttick C, Pinese M, Gayevskiy V, Dinger ME, Roscioli T, Sue CM, Cowley MJ. Defining the genetic basis of early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia using whole genome sequencing. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:265-270. [PMID: 27679996 PMCID: PMC5061846 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in nine families from India with early-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We obtained a genetic diagnosis in 4/9 (44 %) families within known HSP genes (DDHD2 and CYP2U1), as well as perixosomal biogenesis disorders (PEX16) and GM1 gangliosidosis (GLB1). In the remaining patients, no candidate structural variants, copy number variants or predicted splice variants affecting an extended candidate gene list were identified. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of using WGS for diagnosing early-onset HSP, particularly in consanguineous families (4/6 diagnosed), highlighting that two of the diagnoses would not have been made using a targeted approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia. .,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Belgaum, India
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Department of Paediatrics, KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru J N Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia
| | - André E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Clare Puttick
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia which is associated with pigmentary retinal degeneration. It is known for its world-wide rarity except in the Scandinavian countries. It is very rarely reported from India and the neighbouring Asian countries. The present report describes the neurogenetic findings of a family of SCA7, from the northern part of Karnataka in South India. It documents the wide intrafamilial phenotypic variability, which could be correlated with the CAG repeat counts and phenomenon of anticipation. Genotype phenotype correlation highlighted certain disparities in comparison with the previous studies. The report highlights the need for multiethnic population studies and the role of genetic counseling and prenatal testing in SCA7 patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gardiner AR, Bhatia KP, Stamelou M, Dale RC, Kurian MA, Schneider SA, Wali GM, Counihan T, Schapira AH, Spacey SD, Valente EM, Silveira-Moriyama L, Teive HAG, Raskin S, Sander JW, Lees A, Warner T, Kullmann DM, Wood NW, Hanna M, Houlden H. PRRT2 gene mutations: from paroxysmal dyskinesia to episodic ataxia and hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 2012; 79:2115-21. [PMID: 23077024 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182752c5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proline-rich transmembrane protein (PRRT2) gene was recently identified using exome sequencing as the cause of autosomal dominant paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) with or without infantile convulsions (IC) (PKD/IC syndrome). Episodic neurologic disorders, such as epilepsy, migraine, and paroxysmal movement disorders, often coexist and are thought to have a shared channel-related etiology. To investigate further the frequency, spectrum, and phenotype of PRRT2 mutations, we analyzed this gene in 3 large series of episodic neurologic disorders with PKD/IC, episodic ataxia (EA), and hemiplegic migraine (HM). METHODS The PRRT2 gene was sequenced in 58 family probands/sporadic individuals with PKD/IC, 182 with EA, 128 with HM, and 475 UK and 96 Asian controls. RESULTS PRRT2 genetic mutations were identified in 28 out of 58 individuals with PKD/IC (48%), 1/182 individuals with EA, and 1/128 individuals with HM. A number of loss-of-function and coding missense mutations were identified; the most common mutation found was the p.R217Pfs*8 insertion. Males were more frequently affected than females (ratio 52:32). There was a high proportion of PRRT2 mutations found in families and sporadic cases with PKD associated with migraine or HM (10 out of 28). One family had EA with HM and another large family had typical HM alone. CONCLUSIONS This work expands the phenotype of mutations in the PRRT2 gene to include the frequent occurrence of migraine and HM with PKD/IC, and the association of mutations with EA and HM and with familial HM alone. We have also extended the PRRT2 mutation type and frequency in PKD and other episodic neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Gardiner
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Friedman J, Roze E, Abdenur JE, Chang R, Gasperini S, Saletti V, Wali GM, Eiroa H, Neville B, Felice A, Parascandalo R, Zafeiriou DI, Arrabal-Fernandez L, Dill P, Eichler FS, Echenne B, Gutierrez-Solana LG, Hoffmann GF, Hyland K, Kusmierska K, Tijssen MAJ, Lutz T, Mazzuca M, Penzien J, Poll-The BT, Sykut-Cegielska J, Szymanska K, Thöny B, Blau N. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency: a treatable mimic of cerebral palsy. Ann Neurol 2012; 71:520-30. [PMID: 22522443 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD) is an under-recognized levodopa-responsive disorder. We describe clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in a cohort of patients with this treatable condition. We aim to improve awareness of the phenotype and available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, optimize management, and improve understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms. METHODS Forty-three individuals with SRD were identified from 23 international medical centers. The phenotype and treatment response were assessed by chart review using a detailed standardized instrument and by literature review for cases for which records were unavailable. RESULTS In most cases, motor and language delays, axial hypotonia, dystonia, weakness, oculogyric crises, and diurnal fluctuation of symptoms with sleep benefit become evident in infancy or childhood. Average age of onset is 7 months, with delay to diagnosis of 9.1 years. Misdiagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP) are common. Most patients benefit dramatically from levodopa/carbidopa, often with further improvement with the addition of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Cerebrospinal fluid findings are distinctive. Diagnosis is confirmed by mutation analysis and/or enzyme activity measurement in cultured fibroblasts. INTERPRETATION Common, clinical findings of SRD, aside from oculogyric crises and diurnal fluctuation, are nonspecific and mimic CP with hypotonia or dystonia. Patients usually improve dramatically with treatment. Consequently, we recommend consideration of SRD not only in patients with levodopa-responsive motor disorders, but also in patients with developmental delays with axial hypotonia, and patients with unexplained or atypical presumed CP. Biochemical investigation of cerebrospinal fluid is the preferred method of initial investigation. Early diagnosis and treatment are recommended to prevent ongoing brain dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Friedman
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wali GM, Khanpet MS, Mali RV. Acute movement disorder with bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremia. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011; 14:211-3. [PMID: 22028539 PMCID: PMC3200049 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.85899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute movement disorder associated with symmetrical basal ganglia lesions occurring in the background of diabetic end stage renal disease is a recently described condition. It has distinct clinico-radiological features and is commonly described in Asian patients. We report the first Indian case report of this potentially reversible condition and discuss its various clinico-radiological aspects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wali GM, Thony B, Blau N. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency: Two Indian siblings with unusual clinical features. Mov Disord 2010; 25:954-5. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
A 28-year-old woman developed an acute-onset novel movement disorder of the lower lip mimicking focal dystonia. Investigations showed it to be a presentation of epilepsia partialis continua occurring in association with agenesis of the corpus callosum. It responded favorably to anti-epileptic drug therapy. Recently, Kleopa and Kyriakides reported on 4 patients who developed sudden-onset movement disorder characterized by a tonic sustained, lateral and outward protrusion of half of the lower lip. They failed to find any causative factors, despite extensive investigation. Treatment with anticholinergics, clonazepam, and botulinum toxin injection failed to improve the movement disorder. I present an additional case of similar focal movement disorder occurring in the presence of agenesis of the corpus callosum. A scalp electroencephalogram revealed focal epileptic activity, and the movement disorder responded favorably to treatment with antiepileptic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurusidheshwar M Wali
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Karnataka Lingayat Education Society's Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We describe a 51-year-old man who developed awake bruxism during the course of multiple system atrophy. Electromyographic studies revealed side-to-side amplitude asymmetry of the bursts of motor activity. The bruxism responded favourably to low-dose levodopa-carbidopa therapy. Possible mechanisms of this rare association are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurusidheshwar M Wali
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Karnatak Lingayat Education Society's Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
We describe a 35-year-old woman who developed parkinsonism in association with Addison's disease. The parkinsonism disappeared following treatment for Addison's disease without the use of antiparkinsonian drugs. This association stands unique although the pathophysiology remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurusidheshwar M Wali
- K.L.E. Society's Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Nehrunagar, Belgaum, Karnataka State, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spacey SD, Szczygielski BI, McRory JE, Wali GM, Wood NW, Snutch TP. Mutation analysis of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger gene (NHE5) in familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2002; 109:1189-94. [PMID: 12203045 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-002-0750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Familial Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by attacks of dystonia or chorea triggered by sudden movements. Recently two separate loci for PKD, Episodic Kinesigenic Dyskinesia 1 (EKD1) and Episodic Kinesigenic Dyskinesia 2 (EKD2), have been mapped to chromosome 16 but the causative genes have not been identified. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger gene (NHE5) involved in regulating intracellular pH lies in the EKD2 region. The coding region of the NHE5 gene in familial PKD was sequenced. We did not identify any mutations in the exons, intron/exon boundaries or the 5' and 3'UTR. This excludes mutations in the coding region of the NHE5 gene as a cause for familial PKD, but does not rule out a possible role of sequence variants in introns or regulatory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Spacey
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Spacey SD, Valente EM, Wali GM, Warner TT, Jarman PR, Schapira AHV, Dixon PH, Davis MB, Bhatia KP, Wood NW. Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: evidence for a third EKD gene. Mov Disord 2002; 17:717-25. [PMID: 12210861 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterised by paroxysms of choreic, dystonic, ballistic, or athetoid movements. The attacks typically last seconds to minutes in duration and are induced by sudden voluntary movement. PKD loci have been identified on chromosome 16. We present the clinical and genetic details of two British and an Indian family with PKD. Linkage to the PKD loci on chromosome 16 has been excluded in one of these families, providing evidence for a third loci for PKD. Detailed clinical descriptions highlight the presence of both adolescent and infantile seizures in some of the PKD families. This study attempts to clarify the relationship of adolescent and infantile seizures to PKD and provides evidence that PKD is both genetically and clinically heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sian D Spacey
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, K.L.E. Society's Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Valente EM, Spacey SD, Wali GM, Bhatia KP, Dixon PH, Wood NW, Davis MB. A second paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis locus (EKD2) mapping on 16q13-q22.1 indicates a family of genes which give rise to paroxysmal disorders on human chromosome 16. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 10):2040-5. [PMID: 11004121 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.10.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is a rare paroxysmal movement disorder characterized by recurrent and brief attacks of choreiform or dystonic movements triggered or exacerbated by sudden voluntary movements. Some patients with PKC also have a history of infantile afebrile convulsions. PKC can be sporadic, or familial with autosomal dominant inheritance. PKC has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 16 in several Japanese families and in an African-American family, to regions which overlap by 9.8 cM (centiMorgan). Both regions overlap by 3.4 cM with a region containing a gene responsible for 'infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis' (ICCA). We have identified a second PKC locus (EKD2) on the long arm of chromosome 16 in a large Indian family with PKC. A maximum two-point LOD score of 3.66 (recombination fraction = 0.00, penetrance = 0.80) was obtained between PKC and D16S419. Haplotype and recombinant analysis localized EKD2 to a 15.8 cM region between D16S685 and D16S503. This region does not overlap with that identified in Japanese families, or with the ICCA locus. These results exclude one locus on chromosome 16 which causes both the ICCA and PKC syndromes; this suggests that there may be a cluster of genes on human chromosome 16 which lead to paroxysmal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Valente
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Society's Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
A patient manifested pathological laughter heralding the onset of brainstem stroke leading to a "locked-in" state. The pathological laughter did not recur. MRI revealed a bilateral ventral pontine infarct. The clinico-anatomical correlations of this rare phenomenon of fou rire prodromique are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Society's Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka State, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
A 14 year old boy developed the syndrome of Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis during the course of bacteriologically proved typhoid fever. The clinical course and the results of various neurological investigations are detailed. This report adds a further manifestation to the published neuropsychiatric complications of typhoid fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Wali
- Department of Neurology, K.L.E. Society's Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka State, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Havaldar RV, Patil VD, Siddibhavi BM, Wali GM. Syndrome of acquired aphasia with seizure disorder. Indian Pediatr 1989; 26:1269-70. [PMID: 2484107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Doddannavar RP, Wali GM, Desai SG. Changing profile of bacterial pneumonias. J Indian Med Assoc 1985; 83:149-53. [PMID: 4056434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
31
|
Desai SG, Wali GM. Myxoedema conditioned pellagra. J Indian Med Assoc 1982; 78:145-7. [PMID: 7130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|