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Sveinbjornsson G, Ulfarsson MO, Thorolfsdottir RB, Jonsson BA, Einarsson E, Gunnlaugsson G, Rognvaldsson S, Arnar DO, Baldvinsson M, Bjarnason RG, Eiriksdottir T, Erikstrup C, Ferkingstad E, Halldorsson GH, Helgason H, Helgadottir A, Hindhede L, Hjorleifsson G, Jones D, Knowlton KU, Lund SH, Melsted P, Norland K, Olafsson I, Olafsson S, Oskarsson GR, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OB, Snaebjarnarson AS, Sigurdsson E, Steinthorsdottir V, Schwinn M, Thorgeirsson G, Thorleifsson G, Jonsdottir I, Bundgaard H, Nadauld L, Bjornsson ES, Rulifson IC, Rafnar T, Norddahl GL, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Multiomics study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1652-1663. [PMID: 36280732 PMCID: PMC9649432 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and its sequelae are growing health problems. We performed a genome-wide association study of NAFL, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and integrated the findings with expression and proteomic data. For NAFL, we utilized 9,491 clinical cases and proton density fat fraction extracted from 36,116 liver magnetic resonance images. We identified 18 sequence variants associated with NAFL and 4 with cirrhosis, and found rare, protective, predicted loss-of-function variants in MTARC1 and GPAM, underscoring them as potential drug targets. We leveraged messenger RNA expression, splicing and predicted coding effects to identify 16 putative causal genes, of which many are implicated in lipid metabolism. We analyzed levels of 4,907 plasma proteins in 35,559 Icelanders and 1,459 proteins in 47,151 UK Biobank participants, identifying multiple proteins involved in disease pathogenesis. We show that proteomics can discriminate between NAFL and cirrhosis. The present study provides insights into the development of noninvasive evaluation of NAFL and new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ragnar G Bjarnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Children's Medical Center, Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Lotte Hindhede
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - David Jones
- Intermountain Healthcare, St. George, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Clinical Laboratory Services, Diagnostics and Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Olafsson
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Cophenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Emil Sigurdsson
- Development Centre for Primary Health Care in Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Cophenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Einar S Bjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Jay MA, Arat A, Wijlaars L, Ajetunmobi O, Fitzpatrick T, Lu H, Lei S, Skerritt C, Goldfeld S, Gissler M, Gunnlaugsson G, Hrafn Jónsson S, Hjern A, Guttmann A, Gilbert R. Timing of paediatric orchidopexy in universal healthcare systems: international administrative data cohort study. BJS Open 2020; 4:1117-1124. [PMID: 32706149 PMCID: PMC7709362 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines in 2008 recommended orchidopexy for undescended testis at 6-12 months of age to reduce the risk of testicular cancer and infertility. Using administrative data from England, Finland, Ontario (Canada), Scotland and Sweden (with data from Victoria (Australia) and Iceland in supplementary analyses), the aim of this study was to investigate compliance with these guidelines and identify potential socioeconomic inequities in the timing of surgery before 1 and 3 years. METHODS All boys born in 2003-2011 with a diagnosis code of undescended testis and procedure codes indicating orchidopexy before their fifth birthday were identified from administrative health records. Trends in the proportion of orchidopexies performed before 1 and 3 years of age were investigated, as were socioeconomic inequities in adherence to the guidelines. RESULTS Across all jurisdictions, the proportion of orchidopexies occurring before the first birthday increased over the study period. By 2011, from 7·6 per cent (Sweden) to 27·9 per cent (Scotland) of boys had undergone orchidopexy by their first birthday and 71·5 per cent (Sweden) to 90·4 per cent (Scotland) by 3 years of age. There was limited evidence of socioeconomic inequities for orchidopexy before the introduction of guidelines (2008). Across all jurisdictions for boys born after 2008, there was consistent evidence of inequities in orchidopexy by the first birthday, favouring higher socioeconomic position. Absolute differences in these proportions between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups ranged from 2·5 to 5·9 per cent across jurisdictions. CONCLUSION Consistent lack of adherence to the guidelines across jurisdictions questions whether the guidelines are appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jay
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - A. Arat
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Health Equity StudiesStockholmSweden
| | - L. Wijlaars
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - O. Ajetunmobi
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | | | | | - S. Lei
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's HospitalAustralia
| | - C. Skerritt
- Bristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenBristolUK
| | - S. Goldfeld
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's HospitalAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - M. Gissler
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Information Services DepartmentFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - G. Gunnlaugsson
- Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and FolkloristicsUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - S. Hrafn Jónsson
- Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and FolkloristicsUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - A. Hjern
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Health Equity StudiesStockholmSweden
| | - A. Guttmann
- Child Health Evaluative SciencesCanada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick ChildrenCanada
- ICESCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthCanada
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - R. Gilbert
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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