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Couëdelo L, Lennon S, Abrous H, Chamekh I, Bouju C, Griffon H, Vaysse C, Larvol L, Breton G. In Vivo Absorption and Lymphatic Bioavailability of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgal Oil According to Its Physical and Chemical Form of Vectorization. Nutrients 2024; 16:1014. [PMID: 38613047 PMCID: PMC11013230 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) with proven pro-health effects, but improving its bioavailability is becoming a public health issue. The bioavailability of DHA from microalgal (A) oil has been comprehensively assessed, particularly in terms of the molecular structuring capabilities offered by A-oil. Here, we explored the impact of five DHA-rich formulas differing in terms of (i) molecular structure, i.e., ethyl ester (EE), monoglyceride (MG), or triglyceride (TG), and (ii) supramolecular form, i.e., emulsified TG or TG + phospholipids (PL blend) on the lymphatic kinetics of DHA absorption and the lipid characteristics of the resulting lipoproteins. We demonstrated in rats that the conventional A-DHA TG structure afforded more effective DHA absorption than the EE structure (+23%). Furthermore, the A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsions were the better DHA vectors (AUC: 89% and +42%, respectively) due to improved lipolysis. The A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsion presented the richest DHA content in TG (+40%) and PL (+50%) of lymphatic chylomicrons, which could affect the metabolic fate of DHA. We concluded that structuring A-DHA in TG or EE form would better serve for tissue and hepatic metabolism whereas A-DHA in MG and emulsion form could better target nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Hélène Abrous
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Ikram Chamekh
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Corentin Bouju
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Hugues Griffon
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
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Robert C, Buisson C, Laugerette F, Abrous H, Rainteau D, Humbert L, Vande Weghe J, Meugnier E, Loizon E, Caillet F, Van Dorsselaer B, Urdaci M, Vaysse C, Michalski MC. Impact of Rapeseed and Soy Lecithin on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism, Bile Acid Profile, and Gut Bacteria in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001068. [PMID: 33742729 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Synthetic emulsifiers have recently been shown to promote metabolic syndrome and considerably alter gut microbiota. Yet, data are lacking regarding the effects of natural emulsifiers, such as plant lecithins rich in essential α-linolenic acid (ALA), on gut and metabolic health. METHODS AND RESULTS For 5 days, male Swiss mice are fed diets containing similar amounts of ALA and 0, 1, 3, or 10% rapeseed lecithin (RL) or 10% soy lecithin (SL). Following an overnight fast, they are force-fed the same oil mixture and euthanized after 90 minutes. The consumption of lecithin significantly increased fecal levels of the Clostridium leptum group (p = 0.0004), regardless of origin or dose, without altering hepatic or intestinal expression of genes of lipid metabolism. 10%-RL increased ALA abundance in plasma triacylglycerols at 90 minutes, reduced cecal bile acid hydrophobicity, and increased their sulfatation, as demonstrated by the increased hepatic RNA expression of Sult2a1 (p = 0.037) and cecal cholic acid-7 sulfate (CA-7S) concentration (p = 0.05) versus 0%-lecithin. CONCLUSION After only 5 days, nutritional doses of RL and SL modified gut bacteria in mice, by specifically increasing C. leptum group. RL also increased postprandial ALA abundance and induced beneficial modifications of the bile acid profile. ALA-rich lecithins, especially RL, may then appear as promising natural emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Robert
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - Hélène Abrous
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, ENS, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratory of BioMolecules (LBM), Paris, FR-75005, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, ENS, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratory of BioMolecules (LBM), Paris, FR-75005, France
| | - Justine Vande Weghe
- UMR5248, Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biochemistry, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, FR-33170, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - François Caillet
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - Benjamin Van Dorsselaer
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
| | - Maria Urdaci
- UMR5248, Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biochemistry, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, FR-33170, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, FR-33610, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, FR-69310, France
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Jackson PA, Forster J, Khan J, Pouchieu C, Dubreuil S, Gaudout D, Moras B, Pourtau L, Joffre F, Vaysse C, Bertrand K, Abrous H, Vauzour D, Brossaud J, Corcuff JB, Capuron L, Kennedy DO. Effects of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Mood, Well-Being, and Response to a Psychosocial Stressor in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 7:606124. [PMID: 33598475 PMCID: PMC7882499 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety, stress, and low mood are closely related and may contribute to depressive symptoms. Among non-pharmacological solutions to improve subclinical mood symptoms and resilience to stress, natural products such as saffron—identified as promising following preliminary beneficial effects in major depressive disorder—represent a relevant strategy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of 8 weeks' supplementation with 30 mg standardized saffron extract on emotional well-being in healthy adults with subclinical feelings of low mood and anxiety and/or stress and evaluate the acute effect of saffron in response to a lab-based psychosocial stressor. The study adopted a double-blind, randomized, parallel groups design in which 56 healthy male and female individuals (18–54 years) received either a saffron extract or a placebo for 8 weeks. Chronic effects of saffron on subjective anxiety, stress, and depressive feelings were assessed using a questionnaire battery [including Profile of Mood State-2, (POMS)] and acute effects in response to a lab-based psychosocial stressor were measured through psychological and physiological parameters. Urinary crocetin levels were quantified. Participants who received the saffron extract reported reduced depression scores and improved social relationships at the end of the study. Urinary crocetin levels increased significantly with saffron supplementation and were correlated with change in depression scores. The typical stress-induced decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) during exposure to the stressor was attenuated following acute saffron intake. Saffron extract appears to improve subclinical depressive symptoms in healthy individuals and may contribute to increased resilience against the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Clinical trials number: NCT03639831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Jackson
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Forster
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Khan
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Florent Joffre
- ITERG, Nutrition-Health & Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Nutrition-Health & Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Karène Bertrand
- ITERG, Nutrition-Health & Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Hélène Abrous
- ITERG, Nutrition-Health & Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - David Vauzour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Brossaud
- Hormone Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine, CHU Bordeaux, UMR INRA 1286, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Benoit Corcuff
- Hormone Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine, CHU Bordeaux, UMR INRA 1286, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - David O Kennedy
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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