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Schrader SM, Botella H, Vaubourgeix J. Reframing antimicrobial resistance as a continuous spectrum of manifestations. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 72:102259. [PMID: 36608373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To fight antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we must recognize and target all its manifestations. In this review, we briefly summarize the history that led to recognition of the various manifestations of AMR in bacterial pathogens and the ways in which they interrelate. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing between AMR arising from genetic alterations versus induction of endogenous machinery in response to environmental triggers, including - paradoxically - stresses from host immunity and antimicrobial therapy. We present an integrated view of AMR by reframing it as a spectrum of phenotypes within a continuous three-dimensional space defined by the growth rate, prevalence, and kill rate of cells displaying AMR. Finally, we reflect on strategies that may help stem the emergence of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schrader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hélène Botella
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julien Vaubourgeix
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Schrader SM, Botella H, Jansen R, Ehrt S, Rhee K, Nathan C, Vaubourgeix J. Multiform antimicrobial resistance from a metabolic mutation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/35/eabh2037. [PMID: 34452915 PMCID: PMC8397267 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge for microbiology and medicine is how to cure infections by bacteria that survive antibiotic treatment by persistence or tolerance. Seeking mechanisms behind such high survival, we developed a forward-genetic method for efficient isolation of high-survival mutants in any culturable bacterial species. We found that perturbation of an essential biosynthetic pathway (arginine biosynthesis) in a mycobacterium generated three distinct forms of resistance to diverse antibiotics, each mediated by induction of WhiB7: high persistence and tolerance to kanamycin, high survival upon exposure to rifampicin, and minimum inhibitory concentration-shifted resistance to clarithromycin. As little as one base change in a gene that encodes, a metabolic pathway component conferred multiple forms of resistance to multiple antibiotics with different targets. This extraordinary resilience may help explain how substerilizing exposure to one antibiotic in a regimen can induce resistance to others and invites development of drugs targeting the mediator of multiform resistance, WhiB7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schrader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hélène Botella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert Jansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyu Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Julien Vaubourgeix
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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de Renzi M, Manzanares E, Marin-Monfort MD, Botella H. Comments on “Dental lessons from past to present: ultrastructure and composition of teeth from plesiosaurs, dinosaurs, extinct and recent sharks” by A. Lübke, J. Enax, K. Loza, O. Prymak, P. Gaengler, H.-O. Fabritius, D. Raabe and M. Epple, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 61612. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The noted paper suggested that high fluoride levels in teeth of extinct animals proves the use of fluoroapatite when alive, but it is well-know that F− increases during fossilization due to diagenetic passage of hydroxy to more stable fluoroapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. de Renzi
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology
- Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - E. Manzanares
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology
- Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez
- Valencia
- Spain
- Area of Palaeontology, Department of Botany and Geology
| | - M. D. Marin-Monfort
- Department of Palaeobiology
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - H. Botella
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology
- Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez
- Valencia
- Spain
- Area of Palaeontology, Department of Botany and Geology
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Goodsmith N, Guo XV, Vandal OH, Vaubourgeix J, Wang R, Botella H, Song S, Bhatt K, Liba A, Salgame P, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S. Disruption of an M. tuberculosis membrane protein causes a magnesium-dependent cell division defect and failure to persist in mice. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004645. [PMID: 25658098 PMCID: PMC4450064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes necessary for persistence in vivo provides insight into bacterial biology as well as host defense strategies. We show that disruption of M. tuberculosis membrane protein PerM (Rv0955) resulted in an IFN-γ-dependent persistence defect in chronic mouse infection despite the mutant's near normal growth during acute infection. The perM mutant required increased magnesium for replication and survival; incubation in low magnesium media resulted in cell elongation and lysis. Transcriptome analysis of the perM mutant grown in reduced magnesium revealed upregulation of cell division and cell wall biosynthesis genes, and live cell imaging showed PerM accumulation at the division septa in M. smegmatis. The mutant was acutely sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics, including specific inhibitors of cell division-associated peptidoglycan transpeptidase FtsI. Together, these data implicate PerM as a novel player in mycobacterial cell division and pathogenesis, and are consistent with the hypothesis that immune activation deprives M. tuberculosis of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Goodsmith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinzheng V. Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Omar H. Vandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julien Vaubourgeix
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hélène Botella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kamlesh Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amir Liba
- Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Botella H, Stadthagen G, Lugo-Villarino G, de Chastellier C, Neyrolles O. Metallobiology of host-pathogen interactions: an intoxicating new insight. Trends Microbiol 2012; 20:106-12. [PMID: 22305804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron, zinc and copper, among others, are transition metals with multiple biological roles that make them essential elements for life. Beyond the strict requirement of transition metals by the vertebrate immune system for its proper functioning, novel mechanisms involving direct metal intoxication of microorganisms are starting to be unveiled as important components of the immune system, in particular against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In parallel, metal detoxification systems in bacteria have been recently characterized as crucial microbial virulence determinants. Here, we will focus on these exciting advancements implicating copper- and zinc-mediated microbial poisoning as a novel innate immune mechanism against microbial pathogens, shedding light on an emerging field in the metallobiology of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Botella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Botella H, Stadthagen G, de Chastellier C, Neyrolles O. [A novel role for transition metals in anti-microbial immunity]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:18-21. [PMID: 22289820 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012281006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Botella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie structurale, Toulouse, 31077, France
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Botella H, Peyron P, Levillain F, Poincloux R, Poquet Y, Brandli I, Wang C, Tailleux L, Tilleul S, Charrière GM, Waddell SJ, Foti M, Lugo-Villarino G, Gao Q, Maridonneau-Parini I, Butcher PD, Castagnoli PR, Gicquel B, de Chastellier C, Neyrolles O. Mycobacterial p(1)-type ATPases mediate resistance to zinc poisoning in human macrophages. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 10:248-59. [PMID: 21925112 PMCID: PMC3221041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis thrives within macrophages by residing in phagosomes and preventing them from maturing and fusing with lysosomes. A parallel transcriptional survey of intracellular mycobacteria and their host macrophages revealed signatures of heavy metal poisoning. In particular, mycobacterial genes encoding heavy metal efflux P-type ATPases CtpC, CtpG, and CtpV, and host cell metallothioneins and zinc exporter ZnT1, were induced during infection. Consistent with this pattern of gene modulation, we observed a burst of free zinc inside macrophages, and intraphagosomal zinc accumulation within a few hours postinfection. Zinc exposure led to rapid CtpC induction, and ctpC deficiency caused zinc retention within the mycobacterial cytoplasm, leading to impaired intracellular growth of the bacilli. Thus, the use of P1-type ATPases represents a M. tuberculosis strategy to neutralize the toxic effects of zinc in macrophages. We propose that heavy metal toxicity and its counteraction might represent yet another chapter in the host-microbe arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Botella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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Tanne A, Ma B, Boudou F, Tailleux L, Botella H, Badell E, Levillain F, Taylor ME, Drickamer K, Nigou J, Dobos KM, Puzo G, Vestweber D, Wild MK, Marcinko M, Sobieszczuk P, Stewart L, Lebus D, Gicquel B, Neyrolles O. A murine DC-SIGN homologue contributes to early host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2205-20. [PMID: 19770268 PMCID: PMC2757888 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) mediates the innate immune recognition of microbial carbohydrates. We investigated the function of this molecule in the host response to pathogens in vivo, by generating mouse lines lacking the DC-SIGN homologues SIGNR1, SIGNR3, and SIGNR5. Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was impaired only in SIGNR3-deficient animals. SIGNR3 was expressed in lung phagocytes during infection, and interacted with M. tuberculosis bacilli and mycobacterial surface glycoconjugates to induce secretion of critical host defense inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). SIGNR3 signaling was dependent on an intracellular tyrosine-based motif and the tyrosine kinase Syk. Thus, the mouse DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3 makes a unique contribution to protection of the host against a pulmonary bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tanne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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