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Koncina E, Nurmik M, Pozdeev VI, Gilson C, Tsenkova M, Begaj R, Stang S, Gaigneaux A, Weindorfer C, Rodriguez F, Schmoetten M, Klein E, Karta J, Atanasova VS, Grzyb K, Ullmann P, Halder R, Hengstschläger M, Graas J, Augendre V, Karapetyan YE, Kerger L, Zuegel N, Skupin A, Haan S, Meiser J, Dolznig H, Letellier E. IL1R1 + cancer-associated fibroblasts drive tumor development and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4251. [PMID: 37460545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts have a considerable functional and molecular heterogeneity and can play various roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here we identify a pro-tumorigenic IL1R1+, IL-1-high-signaling subtype of fibroblasts, using multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) patient single cell sequencing datasets. This subtype of fibroblasts is linked to T cell and macrophage suppression and leads to increased cancer cell growth in 3D co-culture assays. Furthermore, both a fibroblast-specific IL1R1 knockout and IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra administration reduce tumor growth in vivo. This is accompanied by reduced intratumoral Th17 cell infiltration. Accordingly, CRC patients who present with IL1R1-expressing cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs), also display elevated levels of immune exhaustion markers, as well as an increased Th17 score and an overall worse survival. Altogether, this study underlines the therapeutic value of targeting IL1R1-expressing CAFs in the context of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koncina
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - M Nurmik
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - V I Pozdeev
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - C Gilson
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - M Tsenkova
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - R Begaj
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - S Stang
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Gaigneaux
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - C Weindorfer
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rodriguez
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - M Schmoetten
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - E Klein
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - J Karta
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - V S Atanasova
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - P Ullmann
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - R Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - M Hengstschläger
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Graas
- Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Center, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - V Augendre
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - L Kerger
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - N Zuegel
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - A Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - S Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - J Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - H Dolznig
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg.
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Atanasova V, Tiefenbacher A, Clement J, Wöran K, Bergmann M, Dolznig H, Egger G. 482P Identification of proteome and secretome signatures in primary colorectal cancer associated fibroblasts. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Stary V, Unterleuthner D, Wolf B, Talic M, Strobl J, Beer A, Dolznig H, Bergmann M. Irradiated cancer exosomes promote M1-like polarization of macrophages and enhance their anti-tumoral responses. Eur J Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kramer N, Schmöllerl J, Unger C, Nivarthi H, Rudisch A, Unterleuthner D, Scherzer M, Riedl A, Artaker M, Crncec I, Lenhardt D, Schwarz T, Prieler B, Han X, Hengstschläger M, Schüler J, Eferl R, Moriggl R, Sommergruber W, Dolznig H. Autocrine WNT2 signaling in fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:5460-5472. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oswald E, Espírito Santo V, Rudisch A, Brito C, Sommergruber W, Dolznig H, Schüler J. 273 Modelling tumor-stroma crosstalk in vivo by co-implantation of human fibroblasts and human lung cancer cells orthotopically into immuncompromized mice. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McKinnon R, Binder M, Zupkó I, Afonyushkin T, Lajter I, Vasas A, de Martin R, Unger C, Dolznig H, Diaz R, Frisch R, Passreiter CM, Krupitza G, Hohmann J, Kopp B, Bochkov VN. Pharmacological insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1695-1701. [PMID: 25442279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurolaena lobata is a Caribbean medicinal plant used for the treatment of several conditions including inflammation. Recent data regarding potent anti-inflammatory activity of the plant and isolated sesquiterpene lactones raised our interest in further pharmacological studies. The present work aimed at providing a mechanistic insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of N. lobata and eight isolated sesquiterpene lactones, as well as a structure-activity relationship and in vivo anti-inflammatory data. METHODS The effect of the extract and its compounds on the generation of pro-inflammatory proteins was assessed in vitro in endothelial and monocytic cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their potential to modulate the expression of inflammatory genes was further studied at the mRNA level. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the chemically characterized extract was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. RESULTS The compounds and extract inhibited LPS- and TNF-α-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory molecules E-selectin and interleukin-8 in HUVECtert and THP-1 cells. LPS-induced elevation of mRNA encoding for E-selectin and interleukin-8 was also suppressed. Furthermore, the extract inhibited the development of acute inflammation in rats. CONCLUSIONS Sesquiterpene lactones from N. lobata interfered with the induction of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and chemokines in cells stimulated with bacterial products and cytokines. Structure-activity analysis revealed the importance of the double bond at C-4-C-5 and C-2-C-3 and the acetyl group at C-9 for the anti-inflammatory activity. The effect was confirmed in vivo, which raises further interest in the therapeutic potential of the compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McKinnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Binder
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Afonyushkin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Lajter
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - R de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Diaz
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Playa Diana, San José/Petén, Guatemala
| | - R Frisch
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Playa Diana, San José/Petén, Guatemala
| | - C M Passreiter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Krupitza
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - V N Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Rupp C, Scherzer M, Rudisch A, Unger C, Haslinger C, Schweifer N, Artaker M, Nivarthi H, Moriggl R, Hengstschläger M, Kerjaschki D, Sommergruber W, Dolznig H, Garin-Chesa P. IGFBP7, a novel tumor stroma marker, with growth-promoting effects in colon cancer through a paracrine tumor-stroma interaction. Oncogene 2014; 34:815-25. [PMID: 24632618 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activated tumor stroma participates in many processes that control tumorigenesis, including tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the major cellular component of the stroma and are the main source for connective tissue components of the extracellular matrix and various classes of proteolytic enzymes. The signaling pathways involved in the interactions between tumor and stromal cells and the molecular characteristics that distinguish normal 'resting' fibroblasts from cancer-associated or '-activated' fibroblasts remain poorly defined. Recent studies emphasized the prognostic and therapeutic significance of CAF-related molecular signatures and a number of those genes have been shown to serve as putative therapeutic targets. We have used immuno-laser capture microdissection and whole-genome Affymetrix GeneChip analysis to obtain transcriptional signatures from the activated tumor stroma of colon carcinomas that were compared with normal resting colonic fibroblasts. Several members of the Wnt-signaling pathway and gene sets related to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway activation were induced in CAFs. The putative TGFβ-target IGFBP7 was identified as a tumor stroma marker of epithelial cancers and as a tumor antigen in mesenchyme-derived sarcomas. We show here that in contrast to its tumor-suppressor function in epithelial cells, IGFPB7 can promote anchorage-independent growth in malignant mesenchymal cells and in epithelial cells with an EMT phenotype when IGFBP7 is expressed by the tumor cells themselves and can induce colony formation in colon cancer cells co-cultured with IGFBP7-expressing CAFs by a paracrine tumor-stroma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rupp
- Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Scherzer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiology and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Rudisch
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiology and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Haslinger
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Schweifer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Artaker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Nivarthi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiology and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - H Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiology and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Garin-Chesa
- 1] Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria [2] Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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Viola K, Kopf S, Huttary N, Vonach C, Kretschy N, Teichmann M, Giessrigl B, Raab I, Stary S, Krieger S, Keller T, Bauer S, Hantusch B, Szekeres T, de Martin R, Jäger W, Mikulits W, Dolznig H, Krupitza G, Grusch M. Bay11-7082 inhibits the disintegration of the lymphendothelial barrier triggered by MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids; the role of ICAM-1 and adhesion. Br J Cancer 2012; 108:564-9. [PMID: 23093227 PMCID: PMC3593529 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many cancers spread through lymphatic routes, and mechanistic insights of tumour intravasation into the lymphatic vasculature and targets for intervention are limited. The major emphasis of research focuses currently on the molecular biology of tumour cells, while still little is known regarding the contribution of lymphatics. Methods: Breast cancer cell spheroids attached to lymphendothelial cell (LEC) monolayers were used to investigate the process of intravasation by measuring the areas of ‘circular chemorepellent-induced defects' (CCID), which can be considered as entry gates for bulky tumour intravasation. Aspects of tumour cell intravasation were furthermore studied by adhesion assay, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Replacing cancer spheroids with the CCID-triggering compound 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) facilitated western blot analyses of Bay11-7082- and baicalein-treated LECs. Results: Binding of LECs to MCF-7 spheroids, which is a prerequisite for CCID formation, was mediated by ICAM-1 expression, and this depended on NF-κB and correlated with the expression of the prometastatic factor S100A4. Simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB with Bay11-7082 and of arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX)-15 with baicalein prevented CCID formation additively. Conclusion: Two mechanisms contribute to CCID formation: ALOX15 via the generation of 12(S)-HETE by MCF-7 cells, which induces directional migration of LECs, and ICAM-1 in LECs under control of NF-κB, which facilitates adhesion of MCF-7 cells to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Viola
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Rosner M, Fuchs C, Dolznig H, Hengstschläger M. Different cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution of S6 protein phosphorylated at S240/244 and S235/236. Amino Acids 2010; 40:595-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis gene 2 product tuberin is an important regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, tuberin is known to bind to the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27(Kip1) (p27) and to regulate its stability and localization via mTOR-independent mechanisms. Recently, evidence has been provided that tuberin also affects p27 localization via regulating mTOR's potential to activate the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) to phosphorylate p27. Taken together, these findings strengthen the argument that besides mTOR-inhibitors, such as rapamycin analogues, p27 and CDKs could also be considered targets for hamartoma therapeutics in tuberous sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosner
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Valli A, Rosner M, Fuchs C, Siegel N, Bishop CE, Dolznig H, Mädel U, Feichtinger W, Atala A, Hengstschläger M. Embryoid body formation of human amniotic fluid stem cells depends on mTOR. Oncogene 2009; 29:966-77. [PMID: 19935716 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) harbor high proliferative capacity and high differentiation potential and do not raise the ethical concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The formation of three-dimensional aggregates known as embryoid bodies (EBs) is the principal step in the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Using c-Kit-positive hAFSC lines, we show here that these stem cells harbor the potential to form EBs. As part of the two kinase complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the key component of an important signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth, tumor development and differentiation. Blocking intracellular mTOR activity through the inhibitor rapamycin or through specific small interfering RNA approaches revealed hAFSC EB formation to depend on mTORC1 and mTORC2. These findings demonstrate hAFSCs to be a new and powerful biological system to recapitulate the three-dimensional and tissue level contexts of in vivo development and identify the mTOR pathway to be essential for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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van Zijl F, Mair M, Csiszar A, Schneller D, Zulehner G, Huber H, Eferl R, Beug H, Dolznig H, Mikulits W. Hepatic tumor-stroma crosstalk guides epithelial to mesenchymal transition at the tumor edge. Oncogene 2009; 28:4022-33. [PMID: 19718050 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-stroma crosstalk is a dynamic process fundamental in tumor development. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the progression of malignant hepatocytes frequently depends on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta provided by stromal cells. TGF-beta induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of oncogenic Ras-transformed hepatocytes and an upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. To analyse the influence of the hepatic tumor-stroma crosstalk onto tumor growth and progression, we co-injected malignant hepatocytes and myofibroblasts (MFBs). For this, we either used in vitro-activated p19(ARF) MFBs or in vivo-activated MFBs derived from physiologically inflamed livers of Mdr2/p19(ARF) double-null mice. We show that co-transplantation of MFBs with Ras-transformed hepatocytes strongly enhances tumor growth. Genetic interference with the PDGF signaling decreases tumor cell growth and maintains plasma membrane-located E-cadherin and beta-catenin at the tumor-host border, indicating a blockade of hepatocellular EMT. We further generated a collagen gel-based three dimensional HCC model in vitro to monitor the MFB-induced invasion of micro-organoid HCC spheroids. This invasion was diminished after inhibition of TGF-beta or PDGF signaling. These data suggest that the TGF-beta/PDGF axis is crucial during hepatic tumor-stroma crosstalk, regulating both tumor growth and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F van Zijl
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Gangl K, Reininger R, Bernhard D, Campana R, Pree I, Reisinger J, Kneidinger M, Kundi M, Dolznig H, Thurnher D, Valent P, Chen KW, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Cigarette smoke facilitates allergen penetration across respiratory epithelium. Allergy 2009; 64:398-405. [PMID: 19120070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cigarette smoke exposure and allergic airway disease is a matter for debate. We sought to investigate in an in vitro system whether active smoking reduces the integrity and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium and thus facilitates allergen penetration. METHODS We cultured the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- in a transwell culture system as a surrogate for the intact respiratory epithelium. The cell monolayer was exposed to standardized cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The extent and effects of trans-epithelial allergen penetration were measured using 125I-labelled purified major respiratory allergens (rBet v 1, rPhl p 5 and rDer p 2) and histamine release experiments. RESULTS Exposure of cells to concentrations of CSE similar to those found in smokers induced the development of para-cellular gaps and a decrease in trans-epithelial resistance. CSE exposure induced a more than threefold increase in allergen penetration. Increased subepithelial allergen concentrations provoked a substantial augmentation of histamine release from sensitized basophils. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cigarette smoke is a potent factor capable of reducing the barrier function of the respiratory epithelium for allergens and may contribute to increased allergic inflammation, exacerbation of allergic disease and boosting of IgE memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Dolznig H, Grebien F, Deiner EM, Stangl K, Kolbus A, Habermann B, Kerenyi MA, Kieslinger M, Moriggl R, Beug H, Müllner EW. Erythroid progenitor renewal versus differentiation: genetic evidence for cell autonomous, essential functions of EpoR, Stat5 and the GR. Oncogene 2006; 25:2890-900. [PMID: 16407844 PMCID: PMC3035873 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The balance between hematopoietic progenitor commitment and self-renewal versus differentiation is controlled by various transcriptional regulators cooperating with cytokine receptors. Disruption of this balance is increasingly recognized as important in the development of leukemia, by causing enhanced renewal and differentiation arrest. We studied regulation of renewal versus differentiation in primary murine erythroid progenitors that require cooperation of erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit and a transcriptional regulator (glucocorticoid receptor; GR) for sustained renewal. However, mice defective for GR- (GR(dim/dim)), EpoR- (EpoR(H)) or STAT5ab function (Stat5ab(-/-)) show no severe erythropoiesis defects in vivo. Using primary erythroblast cultures from these mutants, we present genetic evidence that functional GR, EpoR, and Stat5 are essential for erythroblast renewal in vitro. Cells from GR(dim/dim), EpoR(H), and Stat5ab(-/-) mice showed enhanced differentiation instead of renewal, causing accumulation of mature cells and gradual proliferation arrest. Stat5ab was additionally required for Epo-induced terminal differentiation: differentiating Stat5ab(-/-) erythroblasts underwent apoptosis instead of erythrocyte maturation, due to absent induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-X(L). This defect could be fully rescued by exogenous Bcl-X(L). These data suggest that signaling molecules driving leukemic proliferation may also be essential for prolonged self-renewal of normal erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dolznig
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Grebien
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - EM Deiner
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - K Stangl
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kolbus
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - B Habermann
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - MA Kerenyi
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kieslinger
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - R Moriggl
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - H Beug
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - EW Müllner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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von Lindern M, Deiner EM, Dolznig H, Parren-Van Amelsvoort M, Hayman MJ, Mullner EW, Beug H. Leukemic transformation of normal murine erythroid progenitors: v- and c-ErbB act through signaling pathways activated by the EpoR and c-Kit in stress erythropoiesis. Oncogene 2001; 20:3651-64. [PMID: 11439328 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2001] [Revised: 03/21/2001] [Accepted: 04/02/2001] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary erythroid progenitors can be expanded by the synergistic action of erythropoietin (Epo), stem cell factor (SCF) and glucocorticoids. While Epo is required for erythropoiesis in general, glucocorticoids and SCF mainly contribute to stress erythropoiesis in hypoxic mice. This ability of normal erythroid progenitors to undergo expansion under stress conditions is targeted by the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV), harboring the oncogenes v-ErbB and v-ErbA. We investigated the signaling pathways required for progenitor expansion under stress conditions and in leukemic transformation. Immortal strains of erythroid progenitors, able to undergo normal, terminal differentiation under appropriate conditions, were established from fetal livers of p53-/- mice. Expression and activation of the EGF-receptor (HER-1/c-ErbB) or its mutated oncogenic version (v-ErbB) in these cells abrogated the requirement for Epo and SCF in expansion of these progenitors and blocked terminal differentiation. Upon inhibition of ErbB function, differentiation into erythrocytes occurred. Signal transducing molecules important for renewal induction, i.e. Stat5- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), are utilized by both EpoR/c-Kit and v/c-ErbB. However, while v-ErbB transformed cells and normal progenitors depended on PI3K signaling for renewal, c-ErbB also induces progenitor expansion by PI3K-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M von Lindern
- Institute of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Dolznig H, Boulmé F, Stangl K, Deiner EM, Mikulits W, Beug H, Müllner EW. Establishment of normal, terminally differentiating mouse erythroid progenitors: molecular characterization by cDNA arrays. FASEB J 2001; 15:1442-4. [PMID: 11387251 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0705fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Biology, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Ghysdael J, Tran Quang C, Deiner EM, Dolznig H, Müllner EW, Beug H. Erythroid cell development and leukemic transformation: interplay between signal transduction, cell cycle control and oncogenes. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2000; 48:211-26. [PMID: 10858955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies using genetically modified mice and ex vivo tissue culture of erythroid progenitors converge to show that generation of mature erythroid cells depends on the interplay between specific transcriptional regulators and intracellular signals controlled by cytokines and growth factors. These studies also show that terminal differentiation in the erythroid lineage is unusual since the acquisition of the phenotypic traits of mature cells occurs while the cells are still actively dividing. Furthermore, under specific stress conditions, a massive and sustained self-renewal of committed erythroid progenitors can take place to replenish the pool of terminally differentiated cells. We review here how the erythroid genetic program and its interplay with specific cytokines, growth factors and hormones controls survival, proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors both in normal and stress conditions. Special emphasis is laid on our present understanding of the differences in cell cycle control, which result either in self-renewal of erythroid progenitors or in the particular cell divisions which accompany terminal differentiation. Finally, we discuss how deregulation of the various aspects of the physiological control of erythroid progenitor survival, proliferation and differentiation can lead to erythroblast transformation and erythroleukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghysdael
- CNRS UMR 146/Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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18
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Mikulits W, Schranzhofer M, Bauer A, Dolznig H, Lobmayr L, Infante AA, Beug H, Müllner EW. Impaired ferritin mRNA translation in primary erythroid progenitors: shift to iron-dependent regulation by the v-ErbA oncoprotein. Blood 1999; 94:4321-32. [PMID: 10590077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In immortalized cells of the erythroid lineage, the iron-regulatory protein (IRP) has been suggested to coregulate biosynthesis of the iron storage protein ferritin and the erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase (eALAS), a key enzyme in heme production. Under iron scarcity, IRP binds to an iron-responsive element (IRE) located in ferritin and eALAS mRNA leaders, causing a block of translation. In contrast, IRP-IRE interaction is reduced under high iron conditions, allowing efficient translation. We show here that primary chicken erythroblasts (ebls) proliferating or differentiating in culture use a drastically different regulation of iron metabolism. Independently of iron administration, ferritin H (ferH) chain mRNA translation was massively decreased, whereas eALAS transcripts remained constitutively associated with polyribosomes, indicating efficient translation. Variations in iron supply had minor but significant effects on eALAS mRNA polysome recruitment but failed to modulate IRP-affinity to the ferH-IRE in vitro. However, leukemic ebls transformed by the v-ErbA/v-ErbB-expressing avian erythroblastosis virus showed an iron-dependent reduction of IRP mRNA-binding activity, resulting in mobilization of ferH mRNA into polysomes. Hence, we analyzed a panel of ebls overexpressing v-ErbA and/or v-ErbB oncoproteins as well as the respective normal cellular homologues (c-ErbA/TRalpha, c-ErbB/EGFR). It turned out that v-ErbA, a mutated class II nuclear hormone receptor that arrests erythroid differentiation, caused the change in ferH mRNA translation. Accordingly, inhibition of v-ErbA function in these leukemic ebls led to a switch from iron-responsive to iron-independent ferH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mikulits
- Institute of Molecular Biology,Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Mikulits W, Dolznig H, Hofbauer R, Müllner EW. Reverse strand priming: a versatile cDNA radiolabeling method for differential hybridization on nucleic acid arrays. Biotechniques 1999; 26:846-7, 850. [PMID: 10337473 DOI: 10.2144/99265bm09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Mikulits
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Austria
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20
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Abstract
Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia involves two members of the ETS family of transcriptional regulators, both activated via proviral insertion in the corresponding loci. Spi-1/PU.1 is expressed in the disease induced by the original Friend virus SFFV(F-MuLV) complex in adult mice. In contrast, FLI-1 is overexpressed in about 75% of the erythroleukemias induced by the F-MuLV helper virus in newborn mice. To analyse the consequences of the enforced expression of FLI-1 on erythroblast differentiation and proliferation and to compare its activity to that of PU.1/Spi-1, we used a heterologous system of avian primary erythroblasts previously described to study the cooperation between Spi-1/PU.1 and the other molecular alterations observed in SFFV-induced disease. FLI-1 was found: (i) to inhibit the apoptotic cell death program normally activated in erythroblasts following Epo deprivation; (ii) to inhibit the terminal differentiation program induced in these cells in response to Epo and; (iii) to induce their proliferation. However, in contrast to Spi-1/PU.1, the effects of FLI-1 on erythroblast, differentiation and proliferation did not require its cooperation with an abnormally activated form of the EpoR. Enhanced survival of FLI-1 expressing erythroblasts correlated with the upregulation of bcl2 expression. FLI-1 also prevented the rapid downregulation of cyclin D2 and D3 expression normally observed during Epo-induced differentiation and delayed the downregulation of several other genes involved in cell cycle or cell proliferation control. Our results show that overexpression of FLI-1 profoundly deregulates the normal balance between differentiation and proliferation in primary erythroblasts. Thus, the activation of FLI-1 expression observed at the onset of F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemia may provide a proliferative advantage to virus infected cells that would otherwise undergo terminal differentiation or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pereira
- CNRS UMR146, Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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21
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Mikulits W, Dolznig H, Edelmann H, Sauer T, Deiner EM, Ballou L, Beug H, Müllner EW. Dynamics of cell cycle regulators: artifact-free analysis by recultivation of cells synchronized by centrifugal elutriation. DNA Cell Biol 1997; 16:849-59. [PMID: 9260928 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1997.16.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the molecular properties of cell cycle regulators in animal cells require cell preparations highly enriched in particular cell cycle phases. Centrifugal elutriation is frequently used to synchronize cells because this technique was thought to cause only minimal distortions in protein expression or metabolic functions. However, in primary chicken erythroblasts, we consistently observed artefacts in mitotic cyclin mRNA expression and p70 S6 kinase activity, which were clearly caused by the elutriation procedure. Therefore, we modified the standard protocol by reseeding various elutriated fractions into preconditioned medium, a process termed recultivation, and harvesting after an appropriate amount of time. This avoided the pleiotropic effects caused by stress and lack of growth factor supply during elutriation. Using this recultivation procedure, highly synchronous progression starting from any given cell cycle phase could be achieved for a variety of cell types, including primary, factor-dependent cells of hematopoietic origin. Mitotic cyclin expression and S6 kinase activity was found to be normal again in recultivated cultures, as opposed to elutriated ones. Finally, monitoring of mitosis-specific cyclin A degradation in recultivated G2 phase cells showed that recultivation provided an excellent tool to follow cells through M phase into G1 without the requirement for a chemical cell cycle block.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mikulits
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Austria
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22
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Mikulits W, Knöfler M, Stiegler P, Dolznig H, Wintersberger E, Müllner EW. Mouse thymidine kinase stability in vivo and after in vitro translation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1338:267-74. [PMID: 9128145 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of centrifugal elutriation and recultivation of synchronised cell populations we could show that murine thymidine kinase (TK) is rapidly degraded during mitosis in polyoma virus-transformed mouse fibroblasts, in parallel to the time-course for loss of cyclin A. Transformation is no prerequisite for the instability phenotype since artificial overexpression of TK under the control of a constitutive promoter in normal mouse fibroblasts also resulted in rapid turnover of TK during mitosis. The decay of TK protein could be partially mimicked in vitro with enzymatically active protein translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: full length polypeptide was lost slightly more rapidly in the presence of G2/M cytosolic extracts than with G1/S preparations. In addition, an enzymatically active C-terminal truncation of 37 amino acids at Gln-196 was completely stable under the conditions tested, confining the instability domain between residues 196 to 233. These experiments also indicated the border for intact TK since translation products up to Tyr-189 or less were completely inactive. This was also confirmed by a mutant TK protein from mouse F9tk- teratocarcinoma cells which harboured a similar deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mikulits
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
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23
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Beug H, Bauer A, Dolznig H, von Lindern M, Lobmayer L, Mellitzer G, Steinlein P, Wessely O, Mullner E. Avian erythropoiesis and erythroleukemia: towards understanding the role of the biomolecules involved. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1288:M35-47. [PMID: 9011180 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(96)00032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Avian Leukosis/genetics
- Avian Leukosis/pathology
- Avian Leukosis/virology
- Avian Leukosis Virus
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/physiology
- Erythropoiesis/genetics
- Erythropoiesis/physiology
- Genes, erbA/physiology
- Genes, erbB-1/physiology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/virology
- Oncogene Proteins v-erbA/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-erbA/physiology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beug
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter, Austria.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Müllner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Vienna Biocenter, Austria
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25
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Dolznig H, Bartunek P, Nasmyth K, Müllner EW, Beug H. Terminal differentiation of normal chicken erythroid progenitors: shortening of G1 correlates with loss of D-cyclin/cdk4 expression and altered cell size control. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:1341-52. [PMID: 8562472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge is available about the molecular makeup of the cell cycle clock in dividing cells. However, comparatively little is known about cell cycle regulation during terminal differentiation. Here we describe a primary cell system in which this question can be addressed. Normal avian erythroid progenitors undergo continuous self-renewal in suspension culture in the presence of growth factors and hormones, allowing us to obtain large cell numbers (10(10)-10(11)). By replacing these "self-renewal factors" with erythropoietin and insulin, the cells can be induced to synchronous, terminal differentiation. During the first 72 h, the cells undergo five cell divisions. Thereafter, they arrest in G1 and complete their maturation into RBC without further divisions. Sixteen to 24 h after induction of differentiation, the cell cycle length decreased from about 20 to 12 h. This shortened doubling time was due to a drastic reduction of G1 (from 12 to 5 h), while S- and G2-phase lengths were not affected. At the same time, the differentiating cells underwent an extensive and concerted switch in their gene expression pattern. During the subsequent four cell divisions, the cell volume decreased from about 300 to less than 70 femtoliters, but the rate of protein synthesis normalized to cell volume remained constant. Interestingly, the shortening of G1 was accompanied by a rapid down-regulation of D-type cyclins and their partner, cyclin-dependent kinase type 4 (cdk4), while expression of S- and G2-M-associated cell cycle regulators (cyclin A and cdk1/cdc2) remained high until the cells arrested in G1 72-96 h after differentiation induction. We conclude that concerted reprogramming of progenitor gene expression during erythroid differentiation is accompanied by profoundly altered cell cycle progression involving the loss or alteration of cell size control at the restriction point.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dolznig
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Austria
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