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Maree FF, Blignaut B, Esterhuysen JJ, de Beer TAP, Theron J, O'Neill HG, Rieder E. Predicting antigenic sites on the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid of the South African Territories types using virus neutralization data. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2297-2309. [PMID: 21697350 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.032839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outer capsid proteins 1B, 1C and 1D contribute to the virus serotype distribution and antigenic variants that exist within each of the seven serotypes. This study presents phylogenetic, genetic and antigenic analyses of South African Territories (SAT) serotypes prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we show that the high levels of genetic diversity in the P1-coding region within the SAT serotypes are reflected in the antigenic properties of these viruses and therefore have implications for the selection of vaccine strains that would provide the best vaccine match against emerging viruses. Interestingly, although SAT1 and SAT2 viruses displayed similar genetic variation within each serotype (32 % variable amino acids), antigenic disparity, as measured by r(1)-values, was less pronounced for SAT1 viruses compared with SAT2 viruses within our dataset, emphasizing the high antigenic variation within the SAT2 serotype. Furthermore, we combined amino acid variation and the r(1)-values with crystallographic structural data and were able to predict areas on the surface of the FMD virion as antigenically relevant. These sites were mostly consistent with antigenic sites previously determined for types A, O and C using mAbs and escape mutant studies. Our methodology offers a quick alternative to determine antigenic relevant sites for FMDV field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Maree
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.,Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - B Blignaut
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.,Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - J J Esterhuysen
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - T A P de Beer
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - J Theron
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - H G O'Neill
- Biochemistry Division, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - E Rieder
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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Storey P, Theron J, Maree FF, O'Neill HG. A second RGD motif in the 1D capsid protein of a SAT1 type foot-and-mouth disease virus field isolate is not essential for attachment to target cells. Virus Res 2006; 124:184-92. [PMID: 17161881 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), located in the surface-exposed betaG-betaH loop of the 1D protein of different serotypes and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), is highly conserved and participates in binding of FMDV to susceptible cells. Previous sequence analyses of the 1D-encoding region of a FMDV serotype SAT1 field isolate from Namibia (NAM/307/98) indicated the presence of a second RGD motif upstream of the conserved betaG-betaH loop RGD. The role of these RGD sequences in virus infection was investigated by mutating the betaG-betaH loop RGD to a KGE tripeptide, using a genome-length infectious chimeric cDNA clone. Although the infectivity of the derived mutant viruses for baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) was lost, subsequent replacement of the KGE sequence with RGD in the mutant cDNA clone led to recovery of infectious viruses. Furthermore, viral RNA replication could be demonstrated with the genetically engineered mutant and non-mutant viruses. The presence of virus particles in the transfected cells could be also demonstrated by electron microscopy. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to the betaG-betaH loop RGD motif, the second RGD sequence in the capsid protein 1D of NAM/307/98 does not function as a ligand for receptor binding in BHK-21 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Storey
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Exotic Diseases Division, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0010, South Africa
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