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Velasco-Hernandez T, Trincado JL, Vinyoles M, Closa A, Molina O, Velten L, Bueno C, Eyras E, Heyn H, Menendez P. A single-cell expression atlas of human AML-LScs unravels the
contribution of HIF pathway and its therapeutic potential. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - JL Trincado
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - M Vinyoles
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - A Closa
- The Australian National University, Camberra, Australia
| | - O Molina
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - L Velten
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - E Eyras
- The Australian National University, Camberra, Australia
| | - H Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona,
Spain
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2
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Martinez-Marti A, Felip E, Matito J, Mereu E, Navarro A, Cedrés S, Pardo N, Martinez de Castro A, Remon J, Miquel JM, Guillaumet-Adkins A, Nadal E, Rodriguez-Esteban G, Arqués O, Fasani R, Nuciforo P, Heyn H, Villanueva A, Palmer HG, Vivancos A. Dual MET and ERBB inhibition overcomes intratumor plasticity in osimertinib-resistant-advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2018; 28:2451-2457. [PMID: 28961841 PMCID: PMC5834054 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as osimertinib are the last line of targeted treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EGFR-mutant harboring T790M. Different mechanisms of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs have been proposed. It is therefore crucial to identify new and effective strategies to overcome successive acquired mechanisms of resistance. Methods For Amplicon-seq analysis, samples from the index patient (primary and metastasis lesions at different timepoints) as well as the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft tumors corresponding to the different treatment arms were used. All samples were formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, selected and evaluated by a pathologist. For droplet digital PCR, 20 patients diagnosed with NSCLC at baseline or progression to different lines of TKI therapies were selected. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks corresponding to either primary tumor or metastasis specimens were used for analysis. For single-cell analysis, orthotopically grown metastases were dissected from the brain of an athymic nu/nu mouse and cryopreserved at -80°C. Results In a brain metastasis lesion from a NSCLC patient presenting an EGFR T790M mutation, we detected MET gene amplification after prolonged treatment with osimertinib. Importantly, the combination of capmatinib (c-MET inhibitor) and afatinib (ErbB-1/2/4 inhibitor) completely suppressed tumor growth in mice orthotopically injected with cells derived from this brain metastasis. In those mice treated with capmatinib or afatinib as monotherapy, we observed the emergence of KRAS G12C clones. Single-cell gene expression analyses also revealed intratumor heterogeneity, indicating the presence of a KRAS-driven subclone. We also detected low-frequent KRAS G12C alleles in patients treated with various EGFR-TKIs. Conclusion Acquired resistance to subsequent EGFR-TKI treatment lines in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients may induce genetic plasticity. We assess the biological insights of tumor heterogeneity in an osimertinib-resistant tumor with acquired MET-amplification and propose new treatment strategies in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Marti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona;; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona
| | - E Felip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona;; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona;.
| | - J Matito
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - E Mereu
- Single Cell Genomics Group, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) - Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona;; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona
| | - A Navarro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - S Cedrés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - N Pardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona;; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona
| | - A Martinez de Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - J Remon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - J M Miquel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - A Guillaumet-Adkins
- Single Cell Genomics Group, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) - Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona;; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona
| | - E Nadal
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona;; Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona
| | - G Rodriguez-Esteban
- Single Cell Genomics Group, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) - Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona;; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona
| | | | - R Fasani
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - P Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona
| | - H Heyn
- Single Cell Genomics Group, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) - Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona;; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona
| | - A Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona;; Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona;.
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Anadón C, van Tetering G, Ferreira HJ, Moutinho C, Martínez-Cardús A, Villanueva A, Soler M, Heyn H, Moran S, Castro de Moura M, Setien F, Vidal A, Genescà E, Ribera JM, Nomdedeu JF, Guil S, Esteller M. Epigenetic loss of the RNA decapping enzyme NUDT16 mediates C-MYC activation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:1622-1625. [PMID: 28344317 PMCID: PMC5501321 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Anadón
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G van Tetering
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H J Ferreira
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Cardús
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Soler
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Heyn
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Castro de Moura
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Setien
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vidal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Genescà
- Hematology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Ribera
- Hematology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J F Nomdedeu
- Department of Haematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Guil
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Ferreira HJ, Heyn H, Vizoso M, Moutinho C, Vidal E, Gomez A, Martínez-Cardús A, Simó-Riudalbas L, Moran S, Jost E, Esteller M. DNMT3A mutations mediate the epigenetic reactivation of the leukemogenic factor MEIS1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2015; 35:3079-82. [PMID: 26434589 PMCID: PMC4705435 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Close to half of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases do not exhibit any cytogenetic aberrations. In this regard, distortion of the DNA methylation setting and the presence of mutations in epigenetic modifier genes can also be molecular drivers of the disease. In recent years, somatic missense mutations of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) have been reported in ~20% of AML patients; however, no obvious critical downstream gene has been identified that could explain the role of DNMT3A in the natural history of AML. Herein, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and DNA methylation microarrays, we have identified a key gene undergoing promoter hypomethylation-associated transcriptional reactivation in DNMT3 mutant patients, the leukemogenic HOX cofactor MEIS1. Our results indicate that, in the absence of mixed lineage leukemia fusions, an alternative pathway for engaging an oncogenic MEIS1-dependent transcriptional program can be mediated by DNMT3A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ferreira
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - H Heyn
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Vizoso
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vidal
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Gomez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Cardús
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Simó-Riudalbas
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Jost
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Iliou MS, da Silva-Diz V, Carmona FJ, Ramalho-Carvalho J, Heyn H, Villanueva A, Muñoz P, Esteller M. Impaired DICER1 function promotes stemness and metastasis in colon cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:4003-15. [PMID: 24096488 PMCID: PMC4114136 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns is now being recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. The causes of these altered profiles are diverse, and, among them, we found the existence of defects in the miRNA processing machinery. However, little is known about how these alterations affect the biology of the underlying tumors. Herein, we show that colorectal cancer cells with an impairment in DICER1, a major miRNA biogenesis gene, undergo enrichment of tumor stemness features and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These phenotypes are associated with the downregulation of miRNAs, such as miR-34a, miR-126 and those of the miR-200 family, that target critical coding genes in these pathways. Most importantly, DICER1 impairment also induces the acquisition of a greater capacity for tumor initiation and metastasis, two properties associated with cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Iliou
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V da Silva-Diz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F J Carmona
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ramalho-Carvalho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Heyn
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- 1] Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain [3] Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE RPR 102341 is structurally similar to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. Because some fluoroquinolones have been shown to inhibit theophylline metabolism, concomitant administration may increase plasma levels of theophylline resulting in serious adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if RPR 102341 affects theophylline metabolism in vitro and, thus, predict whether a clinically significant drug interaction is likely to occur. In addition, the effect of RPR 102341 on phenacetin O-deethylase activity was determined to address the enzymatic basis of a potential drug interaction. METHODS The in vitro theophylline metabolism assay was conducted according to a modification of a published procedure. The phenacetin O-deethylase assay was conducted according to a modification of a published procedure. RESULTS The rate of conversion of theophylline to 3-methylxanthine in human liver microsomes in the presence of 100 microM and 500 microM RPR 102341 was 93.6 and 106 percent of the control reactions, respectively. The formation of 1-methylxanthine was 97.6 and 100 percent of the control, and 1.3-dimethyluric acid formation was 88.9 and 95.2 percent of control at 100 microM and 500 microM RPR 102341, respectively. In agreement, RPR 102341 caused no inhibition of human liver CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylase activity. Finally, no inhibition was observed when RPR 102341 was incubated with human liver microsomes and an NADPH regenerating system prior to the addition of theophylline. CONCLUSIONS Based on these studies, RPR 102341 is not expected to cause significant drug interactions with theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B White
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0107, USA
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7
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Heyn H, White RB, Stevens JC. Catalytic role of cytochrome P4502B6 in the N-demethylation of S-mephenytoin. Drug Metab Dispos 1996; 24:948-54. [PMID: 8886603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro methods were used to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme(s) involved in S-mephenytoin N-demethylation. S-Mephenytoin (200 microM) was incubated with human liver microsomes, and nirvanol formation was quantitated by reversed-phase HPLC. S-Mephenytoin N-demethylase activity in a panel of human liver microsomes ranged 35-fold from 9 to 319 pmol/min/mg protein and correlated strongly with microsomal CYP2B6 activity (r = 0.91). Additional correlations were found with microsomal CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 activity (r = 0.88 and 0.74, respectively). Microsomes prepared from human beta-lymphoblastoid cells transformed with individual P450 cDNAs were assayed for S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity. Of 11 P450 isoforms (P450s 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, and 3A5) tested, only CYP2B6 catalyzed the N-demethylation of S-mephenytoin with an apparent K(m) of 564 microM. Experiments with P450 form-selective chemical inhibitors, competitive substrates, and anti-P450 antibodies were also performed. Troleandomycin, a mechanism-based CYP3A selective inhibitor, and coumarin, a substrate for CYP2A6 and therefore a potential competitive inhibitor, failed to inhibit human liver microsomal S-mephenytoin N-demethylation. In contrast, orphenadrine, an inhibitor of CYP2B forms, produced a 51 +/- 4% decrease in S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes and a 45% decrease in recombinant microsomes expressing CYP2B6. Also, both CYP2B6-marker 7-ethoxytrifluoromethylcoumarin O-deethylase and S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activities were inhibited by approximately 65% by 5 mg anti-CYP2B1 IgG/mg microsomal protein. Finally, polyclonal antibody inhibitory to CYP3A1 failed to inhibit S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity. Taken together, these studies indicate that the N-demethylation of S-mephenytoin by human liver microsomes is catalyzed primarily by CYP2B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Heyn
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Research and Development, Collegeville, PA 19426-0107, USA
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Heyn H, Bankmann YG, Anders MW. Tissue distribution and stereoselectivity of remacemide-glycine hydrolase. Drug Metab Dispos 1994; 22:973-4. [PMID: 7895618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Heyn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, NY 14642
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Heyn H, McCarthy DJ, Curry SH, Eisman MS, Anders MW. Brain uptake and biotransformation of remacemide hydrochloride, a novel anticonvulsant. Drug Metab Dispos 1994; 22:443-6. [PMID: 8070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain uptake and biotransformation of remacemide hydrochloride [(+/-)-2-amino-N-(1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethyl)acetamide monohydrochloride; FPL 12924AA] were studied in the rat. The brain uptake indices (BUI) for remacemide and its pharmacologically active metabolite FPL12495 [(+/-)-1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine monohydrochloride] were 51 and 130%, respectively. The BUI of [14C] remacemide and [14C]FPL12495 were not affected by increasing amounts of unlabeled remacemide or FPL12495, respectively. Likewise, the BUI of remacemide was not affected by dl-amphetamine or beta-phenethylamine. A mixture of [3H]remacemide hydrochloride (3H label in the glycine moiety) and [14C]remacemide hydrochloride (14C label in 1,2-diphenyl-2-aminopropane moiety) was administered by intracarotid injection. The ratio of 14C/3H in the brain was equal to that in the injection mixture, indicating that remacemide enters the brain intact. HPLC analysis of brain extracts of rats given [14C] remacemide hydrochloride by intracarotid injection revealed that 97.8 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SD) of the radioactivity was present as remacemide, whereas 1.9 +/- 0.2% of the radioactivity was present as FPL12495. Finally, in vitro studies revealed that remacemide is hydrolyzed by whole-brain homogenates to the pharmacologically active metabolite FPL12495. Data indicate that remacemide enters the brain by passive diffusion and undergoes deglycination at the blood-brain barrier or within the brain to give FPL12495.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Heyn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, NY 14642
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Abstract
The chemically synthesized DNA-coding sequence for an artificial single chain human relaxin consisting of a B chain, an Arg-Arg-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-connecting peptide, followed by the A chain, was used to construct two plasmids which were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of the relaxin-coding sequence was under the control of either the yeast TDH3 promoter or the CUP1 promoter. The yeast alpha-factor signal sequence was used to direct the protein into the secretory path, and the appearance of human relaxin in the growth medium was confirmed by radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting. Partially purified human relaxin from yeast was biologically active in the mouse symphysis pubis assay and radioreceptor assay.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Binding, Competitive
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/genetics
- Genes, Synthetic
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
- Plasmids
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Relaxin/genetics
- Relaxin/isolation & purification
- Relaxin/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425
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Bergmann M, Heyn H, Müller-Hermelink HK, Harms H, Aus HM. Automated recognition of cell images in high grade malignant lymphoma and reactive follicular hyperplasia. Anal Cell Pathol 1990; 2:83-95. [PMID: 2278863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, the comparison of results of studies on malignant lymphomas has been biased by the use of different classifications of the diseases and to an even greater extent by subjective interpretation in the classification of the tumour cells. To overcome these short-comings, we have developed cytometric features specifically for automated recognition of cell images from high grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and reactive lymphoid lesions. This study used a colour TV-microscope system, high resolution scanning (13.3 pixel/microns), and image processing to study a total of 3600 lymphoid cells from 15 high grade malignant NHL and three tonsils. Sixteen out of 64 features, especially developed for image analysis in cytological preparations, have been evaluated. Because of a considerable overlap of all the single features, no feature on its own allows reliable discrimination. But, multivariant analysis of suitable feature combinations resulted in reliable identification and discrimination of the most frequently occurring cell types. We show that the lymphocytes, centrocytes, centroblasts, immunoblasts and lymphoblasts, as they are defined by subjective morphological criteria in the Kiel-classification of malignant NHL, also form distinctive subpopulations on the basis of their objective mathematical cell features. Furthermore, we have shown that there are distinctive differences between the lymphoma cells and their benign counterparts derived from reactive lymphoid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, FRG
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12
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Bergmann M, Heyn H, Harms H, Müller-Hermelink HK. Computer aided cytometry in high grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and tonsils. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1989; 58:153-63. [PMID: 2575820 DOI: 10.1007/bf02890066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to establish quantitative cytological criteria for reliable diagnoses in high grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). For this purpose Pappenheim-stained cytologic imprints from 15 cases of high grade malignant NHL and ten cases of chronic tonsillitis have been analysed using a TV-microscope system, high resolution color scanning (13.3 pixel/microns), and image processing on a computer. The highly reliable computer-extracted cell features can be used to discriminate the different cell types of malignant NHL. Because of a considerable overlap, no feature on its own is sufficient to discriminate all the different cells. Only multivariate analysis of a suitable combination of features allows reliable discrimination. The results show that the different cells defined by subjective morphological criteria in the Kiel-classification of malignant NHL also form distinctive subpopulations with regard to their objective mathematical cell features and show distinctive differences when compared with their benign counterparts derived from reactive lymphatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Schwabe C, Büllesbach EE, Heyn H, Yoshioka M. Cetacean relaxin. Isolation and sequence of relaxins from Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera edeni. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:940-3. [PMID: 2910872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendency toward extremely high variability among relaxins derived from purportedly closely related species has come to an abrupt end with the discovery of quasi-porcine relaxin in the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and the Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni). An aqueous abstract of the corpora lutea of the two baleen whales contained significant amounts of relaxin-like activity as determined by a mouse bioassay and by cross-reactivity with anti-pig relaxin antibodies. The activity could be isolated and purified to homogeneity. Sequence analysis revealed that both whale relaxins differed from each other by about 3 residues, whereas the relaxin of B. edeni differed at only one position from that of pig relaxin. The similarity appears to include even the chain length heterogeneity observed at the C-terminal end of the B chain in porcine relaxin which is produced by a peculiar mode of connecting peptide removal from the pro-hormone. This finding may well represent one of the better documented challenges to the current paradigm of molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schwabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425
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