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Nehser M, Dark J, Schweitzer D, Campbell M, Zwicker J, Hitt DM, Little H, Diaz-Correa A, Holley DC, Patel SA, Thompson CM, Bridges RJ. System X c- Antiporter Inhibitors: Azo-Linked Amino-Naphthyl-Sulfonate Analogues of Sulfasalazine. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1375-1386. [PMID: 31754956 PMCID: PMC10688270 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- (SXc-) mediates the exchange of intracellular L-glutamate (L-Glu) with extracellular L-cystine (L-Cys2). Both the import of L-Cys2 and the export of L-Glu take on added significance in CNS cells, especially astrocytes. When the relative activity of SXc- overwhelms the regulatory capacity of the EAATs, the efflux of L-Glu through the antiporter can be significant enough to trigger excitotoxic pathology, as is thought to occur in glioblastoma. This has prompted considerable interest in the pharmacological specificity of SXc- and the development of inhibitors. The present study explores a series of analogues that are structurally related to sulfasalazine, a widely employed inhibitor of SXc-. We identify a number of novel aryl-substituted amino-naphthylsulfonate analogues that inhibit SXc- more potently than sulfasalazine. Interestingly, the inhibitors switch from a competitive to noncompetitive mechanism with increased length and lipophilic substitutions, a structure-activity relationship that was previously observed with aryl-substituted isoxazole. These results suggest that the two classes of inhibitors may interact with some of the same domains on the antiporter protein and that the substrate and inhibitor binding sites may be in close proximity to one another. Molecular modeling is used to explore this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nehser
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - J Dark
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - D Schweitzer
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - M Campbell
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - J Zwicker
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Lawrence, KA, 66044, USA
| | - D M Hitt
- Chemistry Department, Carroll College, Helena, MT, 56925, USA
| | - H Little
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - A Diaz-Correa
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - D C Holley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - S A Patel
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - C M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - R J Bridges
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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Marshall CR, Finnegan S, Clites EC, Holroyd PA, Bonuso N, Cortez C, Davis E, Dietl GP, Druckenmiller PS, Eng RC, Garcia C, Estes-Smargiassi K, Hendy A, Hollis KA, Little H, Nesbitt EA, Roopnarine P, Skibinski L, Vendetti J, White LD. Quantifying the dark data in museum fossil collections as palaeontology undergoes a second digital revolution. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0431. [PMID: 30185609 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale analysis of the fossil record requires aggregation of palaeontological data from individual fossil localities. Prior to computers, these synoptic datasets were compiled by hand, a laborious undertaking that took years of effort and forced palaeontologists to make difficult choices about what types of data to tabulate. The advent of desktop computers ushered in palaeontology's first digital revolution-online literature-based databases, such as the Paleobiology Database (PBDB). However, the published literature represents only a small proportion of the palaeontological data housed in museum collections. Although this issue has long been appreciated, the magnitude, and thus potential significance, of these so-called 'dark data' has been difficult to determine. Here, in the early phases of a second digital revolution in palaeontology--the digitization of museum collections-we provide an estimate of the magnitude of palaeontology's dark data. Digitization of our nine institutions' holdings of Cenozoic marine invertebrate collections from California, Oregon and Washington in the USA reveals that they represent 23 times the number of unique localities than are currently available in the PBDB. These data, and the vast quantity of similarly untapped dark data in other museum collections, will, when digitally mobilized, enhance palaeontologists' ability to make inferences about the patterns and processes of past evolutionary and ecological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA .,University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - S Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.,University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - E C Clites
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - P A Holroyd
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - N Bonuso
- Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - C Cortez
- John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, Santa Ana, CA 92701-6427, USA
| | - E Davis
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, USA.,University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, 1680 E. 15th Avenue, Eugene, OR 97403-1224, USA
| | - G P Dietl
- Paleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 112 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - P S Druckenmiller
- University of Alaska Museum and Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1962 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - R C Eng
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, WA 98195-3010, USA
| | - C Garcia
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - K Estes-Smargiassi
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - A Hendy
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - K A Hollis
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - H Little
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - E A Nesbitt
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, WA 98195-3010, USA
| | - P Roopnarine
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - L Skibinski
- Paleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - J Vendetti
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - L D White
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
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Little H, Themistou E, Clarke SA, Cunningham E, Buchanan F. Process-induced degradation of bioresorbable PDLGA in bone tissue scaffold production. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 29:14. [PMID: 29285611 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-6019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Process-induced degradation of clinically relevant resorbable polymers was investigated for two thermal techniques, filament extrusion followed by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The aim was to develop a clear understanding of the relationship between temperature, processing time and resultant process-induced degradation. This acts to address the current knowledge gap in studies involving thermal processing of resorbable polymers. Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PDLGA) was chosen for its clinically relevant resorption properties. Furthermore, a comparative study of controlled thermal exposure was conducted through compression moulding PDLGA at a selected range of temperatures (150-225 °C) and times (0.5-20 min). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterise thermally induced degradation behaviour. DSC proved insensitive to degradation effects, whereas GPC demonstrated distinct reductions in molecular weight allowing for the quantification of degradation. A near-exponential pattern of degradation was identified. Through the application of statistical chain scission equations, a predictive plot of theoretical degradation was created. Thermal degradation was found to have a significant effect on the molecular weight with a reduction of up to 96% experienced in the controlled processing study. The proposed empirical model may assist prediction of changes in molecular weight, however, accuracy limitations are highlighted for twin-screw extrusion, accredited to high-shear mixing. The results from this study highlight the process sensitivity of PDLGA and proposes a methodology for quantification and prediction, which contributes to efforts in understanding the influence of manufacture on performance of degradable medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Little
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, BT9 5AH, Belfast, UK
| | | | - S A Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - E Cunningham
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, BT9 5AH, Belfast, UK
| | - F Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, BT9 5AH, Belfast, UK.
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Alvarez S, Chan J, William J, Felten C, Hanks D, Northrup A, Jaiswal D, Jansson M, Phillips T, Segal A, Satnick I, McDonald H, Little H, Pierce C, Wynne B, Carnahan J, Reddy S, Inzunza H, Oroudjev E. PD-L1 Detection and Assay Performance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Using PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx374.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hopkins PA, Little H, Ward S, Harrington C, Feehan A, Peters K, Mcloone A, Dowling M, Chang T, Bell C. The clinical and operational consequences of prolonged occupancy strain and the use of non-intensive care beds to deliver critical care in a central london teaching hospital. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796228 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yin S, Hashimoto E, Ukai W, Yoshinaga T, Watanabe K, Shirasaka T, Kaneta H, Tateno M, Saito T, Guerri C, Alfonso-Loeches S, Pascual-Mora M, Renau-Piqueras J, Dodd PR, Chang RYK, Etheridge N, Little H, Shaw SG. S20 * ESBRA-APSAAR JOINT SYMPOSIUM: MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS IN THE BRAIN OF ALCOHOLICS * S20.1 * PHARMACOKINETICS AND THE BRAIN HEMODYNAMIC AND SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION EFFECTS OF ACETALDEHYDE IN HETEROZYGOUS ALDH2*1/*2 ALCOHOLICS. Alcohol Alcohol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agr110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cerda SR, Mustafi R, Little H, Cohen G, Khare S, Moore C, Majumder P, Bissonnette M. Protein kinase C delta inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation by selective changes in cell cycle and cell death regulators. Oncogene 2006; 25:3123-38. [PMID: 16434969 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PKC-delta is a serine/threonine kinase that mediates diverse signal transduction pathways. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of PKC-delta slowed the G1 progression of Caco-2 colon cancer cells, accelerated apoptosis, and induced cellular differentiation. In this study, we further characterized the PKC-delta dependent signaling pathways involved in these tumor suppressor actions in Caco-2 cells overexpressing PKC-delta using a Zn2+ inducible expression vector. Consistent with a G1 arrest, increased expression of PKC-delta caused rapid and significant downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E proteins (50% decreases, P<0.05), while mRNA levels remained unchanged. The PKC agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA, 100 nM, 4 h), induced two-fold higher protein and mRNA levels of p21(Waf1), a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor in PKC-delta transfectants compared with empty vector (EV) transfected cells, whereas the PKC-delta specific inhibitor rottlerin (3 microM) or knockdown of this isoenzyme with specific siRNA oligonucleotides blocked p21(Waf1) expression. Concomitantly, compared to EV control cells, PKC-delta upregulation decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin E proteins co-immunoprecipitating with cdk6 and cdk2, respectively. In addition, overexpression of PKC-delta increased binding of cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) to cdk4. These alterations in cyclin-cdks and their inhibitors are predicted to decrease G1 cyclin kinase activity. As an independent confirmation of the direct role PKC-delta plays in cell growth and cell cycle regulation, we knocked down PKC-delta using specific siRNA oligonucleotides. PKC-delta specific siRNA oligonucleotides, but not irrelevant control oligonucleotides, inhibited PKC-delta protein by more than 80% in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, PKC-delta knockdown enhanced cell proliferation ( approximately 1.4-2-fold, P<0.05) and concomitantly increased cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression ( approximately 1.7-fold, P<0.05). This was a specific effect, as nontargeted PKC-zeta was not changed by PKC-delta siRNA oligonucleotides. Consistent with accelerated apoptosis in PKC-delta transfectants, compared to EV cells, PKC-delta upregulation increased proapoptotic regulator Bax two-fold at mRNA and protein levels, while antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was decreased by 50% at a post-transcriptional level. PKC-delta specific siRNA oligonucleotides inhibited Bax protein expression by more than 50%, indicating that PKC-delta regulates apoptosis through Bax. Taken together, these results elucidate two critical mechanisms regulated by PKC-delta that inhibit cell cycle progression and enhance apoptosis in colon cancer cells. We postulate these antiproliferative pathways mediate an important tumor suppressor function for PKC-delta in colonic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Cerda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Fischer P, Little H, Smith RL, Lopez-Mariscal C, Brown CTA, Sibbett W, Dholakia K. Wavelength dependent propagation and reconstruction of white light Bessel beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/8/5/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gass JD, Little H. Bilateral bullous exudative retinal detachment complicating idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy during systemic corticosteroid therapy. Ophthalmology 1995; 102:737-47. [PMID: 7777273 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present evidence that systemic corticosteroid therapy may cause bilateral bullous serofibrinous exudative retinal detachment in some patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. BACKGROUND Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy usually causes mild, transient loss of central vision, usually in otherwise healthy men with a type A personality. A few patients have permanent visual loss because of chronic and recurrent retinal detachment. The clinical findings in these patients may lead to incorrect diagnoses and use of corticosteroid therapy. METHODS The clinical and photographic records of three patients in whom bilateral bullous serofibrinous exudative retinal detachment associated with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy developed after treatment with systemic corticosteroids were reviewed. RESULTS Systemic corticosteroid treatment was instituted (1) as a prophylaxis to prevent exacerbation of the disease while undergoing surgery in the fellow eye, and (2) as the result of misdiagnoses of multifocal choroiditis and retinal vasculitis (Eales disease). Two of the patients had a history of chronic recurrent retinal detachments before institution of corticosteroid treatment. In one of these patients, bilateral chronic inferior retinal detachment developed, causing peripheral retinal vascular nonperfusion, retinal neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage. All three patients had severe permanent visual loss in one or both eyes. CONCLUSION The findings in these patients provide further evidence that systemic corticosteroid treatment may cause severe exacerbation of retinal detachment and lasting visual loss in some patients with idiopathic central serous retinopathy. Recognition of the atypical presentations of this disorder is important to avoid incorrect diagnoses and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Gass
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, FL 33101, USA
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Abstract
Alcohol dependence is considered to be divisible into two types (although the divisions between these are indistinct). These are psychological dependence, in which the rewarding effects of alcohol play a primary role, and chemical dependence, in which adaptive changes in the brain initiate punishing effects on withdrawal of alcohol, and suppression of these becomes the primary motive for using the drug. The neurochemical basis for the rewarding effects of alcohol may be the potentiation of GABA at GABAA receptors (causing relaxation) and release of dopamine from mesolimbic neurones (causing euphoria). The adaptive changes which cause the alcohol withdrawal syndrome are not known for certain, but alterations in GABAA receptors, NMDA receptors and voltage-operated calcium channels all have a claim. However, it is distinctly doubtful whether these all contribute to the negatively reinforcing effects of alcohol that are important in chemical dependence, although they may be important in other pathological effects of alcohol abuse. Current research badly needs better communication between basic scientists and clinicians to establish research goals and to improve current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Littleton
- Division of Biomedical Science, Kings College, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- J Littleton
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College, Strand, London, United Kingdom
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Khraishi M, Howard B, Little H. A patient with Werner's syndrome and osteosarcoma presenting as scleroderma. J Rheumatol Suppl 1992; 19:810-3. [PMID: 1613716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Werner's syndrome (WS) is often mistaken for scleroderma. We describe a patient with WS who presented with an enlarging, painful mass of the right knee that proved to be a juxtaarticular osteosarcoma of the distal femur. Recognition of WS and prompt investigation of any painful, enlarging masses to exclude sarcomatous degeneration will benefit these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khraishi
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Knight G, Chisholm B, Kearney D, Little H, Morris S. Developments in the use of ‘Preventive Approaches to Disruption’. Educational Psychology in Practice 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/0266736890050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Little H. Rheumatology manpower in Canada. J Rheumatol 1989; 16:249. [PMID: 2746571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Little H. The natural history of ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol Suppl 1988; 15:1179-80. [PMID: 2972834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Dolin S, Little H, Hudspith M, Pagonis C, Littleton J. Increased dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in rat brain may underlie ethanol physical dependence. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26:275-9. [PMID: 2438583 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol physical dependence can be viewed as a state of latent hyperexcitability in brain which is exposed on withdrawal of the drug. This hyperexcitability may reflect an increased sensitivity to Ca2+ of central neurones. Dihydropyridine (DHP) binding sites which represent a subtype of neuronal Ca2+-channel, are increased in brains from ethanol-dependent rats as are functional effects of the DHP Ca2+-channel activator, BAYK8644. These effects are reversed by DHP Ca2+ inhibitors, which also prevent the ethanol physical withdrawal syndrome. These results suggest that an increase in DHP-sensitive Ca2+-channels on central neurons may represent the molecular basis for ethanol physical dependence.
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Baer PA, Tenenbaum J, Fam AG, Little H. Coexistent septic and crystal arthritis. Report of four cases and literature review. J Rheumatol Suppl 1986; 13:604-7. [PMID: 3735282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of acute crystal induced synovitis and septic arthritis is an uncommonly reported occurrence. Twenty-two cases have been reported. Four additional patients are described and possible pathogenic mechanisms discussed. The diagnosis of one of these entities should not preclude a diligent search for the other.
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Abstract
The effects of anticonvulsant and proconvulsant benzodiazepine-receptor ligands were studied in infant rats. The agonist flurazepam increased myoclonic twitching of the limbs as has previously been reported. In contrast, the convulsant beta-carbolines DMCM and beta-CCM did not produce twitching, but did produce marked increases in locomotor activity and whole body shakes. The standard convulsants pentylenetetrazol and bicuculline similarly increased locomotor activity and shaking. These findings suggest that the effects of agonist benzodiazepines cannot be interpreted as convulsant-type behaviour. In addition, the finding that DMCM and beta-CCM have equivalent effects despite showing preferential affinities for benzodiazepine-receptor subtypes argues against one particular subtype having proconvulsant effects.
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Angel A, Halsey MJ, Little H, Meldrum BS, Ross JA, Rostain JC, Wardley-Smith B. Specific effects of drugs at pressure: animal investigations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1984; 304:85-94. [PMID: 6142482 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1984.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of anaesthetics and other drugs with high pressure suggest that protection against the high pressure neurological syndrome (h.p.n.s.) can no longer be considered in terms of generalized non-specific mechanisms. The evidence from our work shows that anaesthetics may either protect, have no effect, or potentiate h.p.n.s. Structural analogues of the steroid anaesthetic Althesin have a protective effect against high pressure tremors in spite of the fact that they have no anaesthetic effects. Low doses of flurazepam are effective against tremor but can be antagonized by Ro 15-1788, which implies in this case a role for the benzodiazepine receptor complex. Pressure interactions with other drugs have included the classic anticonvulsants--which, in general, were relatively ineffective--and various agents perturbing the balance of specific neurotransmitter systems. Representative examples from different studies include 6-hydroxydopamine, muscimol, and sodium valproate. Finally, the potent protection against h.p.n.s. by 2-amino-phosphonoheptanoic acid, an antagonist with preferential action against excitation produced by aspartate and N-methyl-D-aspartate, provides the first evidence that enhanced excitatory amino acid neurotransmission may have an important role in the h.p.n.s.
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Abstract
One hundred fifty war veterans with ankylosing spondylitis were entered into a prospective study in 1947. In 1957, 142 were traced, and they have been reviewed periodically. Eighty-one of these patients were still alive in 1980. Information was obtained from 67 (83%) of the survivors and 51 were reexamined. This report is based on the clinical findings in these 51 patients, who have a mean disease duration of 38 years. Forty-seven (92%) were functioning well. The disease in 21 (41%) had progressed to cause severe spinal restriction. Of those, 12 had peripheral joint involvement early in their course and 9 had iritis. Seventy-four percent of the patients who had mild spinal restriction after 10 years did not progress to having more severe restriction. Eighty-one percent of the patients who had severe spinal restriction in 1980 were severely restricted within the first 10 years. Hips that were normal after 10 years of disease did not become diseased subsequently. This study suggests that a predictable pattern of ankylosing spondylitis emerges within the first 10 years of the disease.
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Little H. Coping with rheumatoid arthritis. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 127:190-1. [PMID: 7201884 PMCID: PMC1861912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Little H. Gait analysis for physiotherapy departments: a review of current methods. Physiotherapy 1981; 67:334-7. [PMID: 7330105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Baron M, Tator CH, Little H. Hangman's fracture in ankylosing spondylitis preceded by vertical subluxation of the axis. Arthritis Rheum 1980; 23:850-5. [PMID: 7406935 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780230712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Little H. Trochanteric bursitis: a common cause of pelvic girdle pain. Can Med Assoc J 1979; 120:456-8. [PMID: 445287 PMCID: PMC1818880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Upward subluxation of the axis associated with cord compression and death was noted in a patient with a long history of idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis. Upward subluxation of the axis has been recognized in up to 8 per cent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis but it is an exceedingly rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis. In this patient psoriasis and then psoriatic dactylitis developed 26 years after the onset of his ankylosing spondylitis. It is tempting to speculate that the unusual destruction of the joints around the atlas might be due to an added effect of psoriasis on idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis.
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Little H, Harvie JN, Lester RS. Psoriatic arthritis in severe psoriasis. Can Med Assoc J 1975; 112:317-9. [PMID: 1109748 PMCID: PMC1956336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Of 100 patients admitted to hospital for treatment of psoriasis, 32 had clinical or radiologic evidence of psoriatic arthritis and 17 had both types of evidence. Eight had radiologic evidence of spinal or sarroiliac involvement without symptoms and seven had clinical evidence of peripheral arthritis without radiologic evidence. Patients with psoriatic sacroilitis and spondylitis were most likely to have typical radiograpic changes. It was concluded that psoriatic arthritis is common in patients with severe psoriasis and that is associated with more extensive skin disease than is found in patients without arthritis.
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Little H, Urowitz MB, Smythe HA, Rosen PS. Asymptomatic spondylodiscitis. An unusual feature of ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 1974; 17:487-93. [PMID: 4850683 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780170421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Minaker K, Little H. Painful feet in rheumatoid arthritis. Can Med Assoc J 1973; 109:724-5 passim. [PMID: 4746132 PMCID: PMC1947038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain in the feet is an important diagnostic feature and a major management problem of rheumatoid arthritis. Of 50 hospitalized patients, 28% recalled painful feet as the sole presenting symptom of their disease.RHEUMATOID DISEASE COMMONLY AFFECTS THE FEET: 90% of the patients studied complained of foot pain at some time during the course of their disease, 86% had clinical involvement and 92% had radiological changes in their feet.The forefoot is most frequently involved. Midfoot involvement was noted in 68% but was symptomatic in only 22%. Changes in the ankle were least common but always symptomatic.
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Fam A, McGillivray D, Stein J, Little H. Gonococcal arthritis: a report of six cases. Can Med Assoc J 1973; 108:319-25. [PMID: 4632360 PMCID: PMC1941172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Six cases of gonococcal arthritis are described. Three presented during the initial "bacteremic stage" with polyarthralgia, fever, skin lesions and sterile synovial fluid. Two presented during the "septic joint stage" with positive synovial culture, and one presented during the "stage of residual deformity". Transient electrocardiographic changes were noted in two of the six cases. All responded to antibiotic therapy. One required additional surgical intervention.The condition is common, coinciding with the rising incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic gonorrhea. Gonococcal infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis of migratory polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, oligoarthritis, fever or unusual skin lesions. Criteria for diagnosis, lines of treatment and relevant literature are reviewed.
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Huska L, Little H, Doust JW. A case of malignant hyperpyrexia. Can Med Assoc J 1970; 103:961-2. [PMID: 5476784 PMCID: PMC1930583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Little H. Chemotherapy of Meningococcic Meningitis. Can Med Assoc J 1941; 45:509-513. [PMID: 20322289 PMCID: PMC1827152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Little H. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MELAENA IN CHILDREN. Can Med Assoc J 1939; 41:575-580. [PMID: 20321557 PMCID: PMC537627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Little
- War Memorial Children's Hospital, London, Ont
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Little H. Chronic Intestinal Indigestion (Coeliac Disease). Can Med Assoc J 1929; 20:500-502. [PMID: 20317330 PMCID: PMC1710531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Little H. Acute Intestinal Intoxication. Can Med Assoc J 1923; 13:803-806. [PMID: 20314800 PMCID: PMC1707263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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