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Conley AJ, Loux SC, Legacki EL, Stoops MA, Pukazhenthi B, Brown JL, Sattler R, French HM, Tibary A, Robeck TR. The steroid metabolome of pregnancy, insights into the maintenance of pregnancy and evolution of reproductive traits. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111241. [PMID: 33711335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modes of mammalian reproduction are diverse and not always conserved among related species. Progesterone is universally required to supports pregnancy but sites of synthesis and metabolic pathways vary widely. The steroid metabolome of mid-to late gestation was characterized, focusing on 5α-reduced pregnanes in species representing the Perissodactyla, Cetartiodactyla and Carnivora using mass spectrometry. Metabolomes and steroidogenic enzyme ortholog sequences were used in heirarchial analyses. Steroid metabolite profiles were similar within orders, whales within cetartiodactyls for instance, but with notable exceptions such as rhinoceros clustering with goats, and tapirs with pigs. Steroidogenic enzyme sequence clustering reflected expected evolutionary relationships but once again with exceptions. Human sequences (expected outgroups) clustered with perissodactyl CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and SRD5A1 gene orthologues, forming outgroups only for HSD17B1 and SRD5A2. Spotted hyena CYP19A1 clustered within the Perissodactyla, between rhinoceros and equid orthologues, whereas CYP17A1 clustered within the Carnivora. This variability highlights the random adoption of divergent physiological strategies as pregnancy evolved among genetically similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - S C Loux
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - E L Legacki
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M A Stoops
- Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B Pukazhenthi
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - J L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - R Sattler
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Palmer, AK, USA
| | - H M French
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - A Tibary
- Comparative Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - T R Robeck
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
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Dumas SE, French HM, Lavergne SN, Ramirez CR, Brown LJ, Bromfield CR, Garrett EF, French DD, Aldridge BM. Judicious use of prophylactic antimicrobials to reduce abdominal surgical site infections in periparturient cows: part 1 - a risk factor review. Vet Rec 2017; 178:654-60. [PMID: 27339926 DOI: 10.1136/vr.i103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSI) are an uncommon, but significant, consequence of surgical interventions. There are very few studies investigating SSI risk in veterinary medicine, and even fewer in cattle, despite the fact that major surgeries are commonly conducted on livestock. Furthermore, the suboptimal conditions under which such surgeries are frequently performed on livestock could be considered an important risk factor for the development of SSIs. With increasing public concern over the contribution of veterinary-prescribed antimicrobials to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in people, there is widespread scrutiny and criticism of antimicrobial use in livestock production medicine systems. While the causal link between antimicrobial resistance in livestock and people is heavily debated, it is clear that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, in any population, is closely correlated with the antimicrobial 'consumption' within that population. As the veterinary profession explores ways of addressing the emergence and selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food-producing animals, there is a need for veterinarians and producers to carefully consider all areas of antimicrobial use, and employ an evidence-based approach in designing appropriate clinical protocols. This paper aims to review current knowledge regarding the risk factors related to abdominal SSI in periparturient cows, and to encourage practitioners to judiciously evaluate both their standard operating procedures and their use of antimicrobials in these situations. In a second paper, to be published in a subsequent issue of Veterinary Record, these principles will be used to provide specific evidence-based recommendations for antimicrobial use in bovine abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dumas
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - H M French
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - S N Lavergne
- Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - C R Ramirez
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - L J Brown
- Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illnois - Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA Dr Dumas's current address is the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Dr H. M. French is also at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - C R Bromfield
- Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illnois - Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA Dr Dumas's current address is the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Dr H. M. French is also at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - E F Garrett
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - D D French
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - B M Aldridge
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems (IFAMS), Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
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Samper JC, Stanford MS, French HM, Chapwanya A. Post-breeding inflammation in mares after insemination with large and low doses of fresh or frozen semen. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2016. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gray M, Kovatis KZ, Stuart T, Enlow E, Itkin M, Keller MS, French HM. Treatment of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia using ethiodized oil lymphangiography. J Perinatol 2014; 34:720-2. [PMID: 25179384 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Historically, congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) has had poor treatment outcomes despite aggressive therapy. There are recent reports of ethiodized oil (Lipiodol) lymphangiography successfully treating lymphatic leakage in adults. In this report, we describe two infants with CPL complicated by chylothoraces successfully treated by instillation of ethiodized oil into the lymphatic system. Congenital atresia of the thoracic duct was demonstrated on the lymphangiogram in both patients before treatment. Both patients have shown good short-term outcomes without supplemental oxygen or fat restricted diets at 9 months of age. Ethiodized oil lymphangiography represents a new treatment modality for some patients with CPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gray
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Z Kovatis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Stuart
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Enlow
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M S Keller
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H M French
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rau EH, Alaimo RJ, Ashbrook PC, Austin SM, Borenstein N, Evans MR, French HM, Gilpin RW, Hughes J, Hummel SJ, Jacobsohn AP, Lee CY, Merkle S, Radzinski T, Sloane R, Wagner KD, Weaner LE. Minimization and management of wastes from biomedical research. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108 Suppl 6:953-77. [PMID: 11121362 PMCID: PMC1240229 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108s6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several committees were established by the National Association of Physicians for the Environment to investigate and report on various topics at the National Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment held at the 1--2 November 1999 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. This is the report of the Committee on Minimization and Management of Wastes from Biomedical Research. Biomedical research facilities contribute a small fraction of the total amount of wastes generated in the United States, and the rate of generation appears to be decreasing. Significant reductions in generation of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed wastes have recently been reported, even at facilities with rapidly expanding research programs. Changes in the focus of research, improvements in laboratory techniques, and greater emphasis on waste minimization (volume and toxicity reduction) explain the declining trend in generation. The potential for uncontrolled releases of wastes from biomedical research facilities and adverse impacts on the general environment from these wastes appears to be low. Wastes are subject to numerous regulatory requirements and are contained and managed in a manner protective of the environment. Most biohazardous agents, chemicals, and radionuclides that find significant use in research are not likely to be persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic if they are released. Today, the primary motivations for the ongoing efforts by facilities to improve minimization and management of wastes are regulatory compliance and avoidance of the high disposal costs and liabilities associated with generation of regulated wastes. The committee concluded that there was no evidence suggesting that the anticipated increases in biomedical research will significantly increase generation of hazardous wastes or have adverse impacts on the general environment. This conclusion assumes the positive, countervailing trends of enhanced pollution prevention efforts by facilities and reductions in waste generation resulting from improvements in research methods will continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Rau
- Environmental Protection Branch, Division of Safety, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5746, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M French
- University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville
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