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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Tavasoli A, Harvey N, Mahmoudi H, Kalamati E, Varghaei A, Vahidnezhad F, Saeidian A, Uitto J. 301 The Spectrum of PLEC Sequence Variants and Related Plectinopathies Including Novel Association with Epidermolysis Bullosa Pruriginosa. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Park J, Youssefian L, Khodavaisy S, Palizban F, Tavasoli A, Kalamati E, Mahmoudi H, Balighi K, Mesdaghi M, Saeidian A, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. 493 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to Candida auris and non-albicans Candida species in a family with a mild TP63-associated ectodermal dysplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Saeidian A, Youssefian L, Mahmoudi H, Mansouri P, Béziat V, Casanova J, Jouanguy E, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. 497 Genetic variability of viral and human genomes in a large cohort of patients with typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Youssefian L, Khodavaisy S, Khosravi-Bachehmir F, Park JS, Saeidian AH, Mahmoudi H, Saffarian Z, Naraghi ZS, Kamyab-Hesari K, Zeinali S, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. Ichthyosis, psoriasiform dermatitis, and recurrent fungal infections in patients with biallelic mutations in PERP. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:472-479. [PMID: 34863005 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive mutations in PERP, encoding p53 effector related to PMP-22 (PERP), a component of epidermal desmosomes, have been associated with a spectrum of keratodermas. Monoallelic nonsense mutations cause Olmsted syndrome with severe periorificial keratoderma and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). Biallelic recessive frameshift and missense mutations are associated with milder forms of the disease, including generalised erythrokeratoderma and PPK. OBJECTIVES To add new insights into the genotype-phenotype correlations as a consequence of PERP mutations and to provide a comprehensive review of the literature. METHODS Among 26 previously unresolved families within a cohort of 180 extended Iranian families with syndromic or non-syndromic ichthyosis, two families with shared clinical features were examined by whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide homozygosity mapping. Mycological and dermatopathological studies were performed to further characterise their atypical phenotypic presentations. RESULTS In two unrelated multiplex consanguineous families affected by ichthyosis, two novel biallelic PERP variants, NM_022121.5, c.89T > C, p.Leu30Pro and c.466G > C, p.Gly156Arg, located inside of genomic homozygosity regions of the probands were detected. Interestingly, some patients had areas of scaly psoriasiform plaques on the background of generalised ichthyosis that appeared during active cutaneous fungal infections. Mycological examinations of these lesions revealed infections caused by Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, or Trichophyton rubrum. Histopathology of the psoriasiform lesions shared some features with psoriasis, which when combined with clinical presentation, led to incorrect diagnosis of guttate psoriasis or pustular psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS PERP variants in ichthyosis patients can confer susceptibility to recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections. Additionally, patients with episodic psoriasiform dermatitis in the setting of keratoderma should be considered for PERP genotyping and cutaneous fungal examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Khosravi-Bachehmir
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J S Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A H Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Mahmoudi
- Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Saffarian
- Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Z S Naraghi
- Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pathology Department, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Kamyab-Hesari
- Pathology Department, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Zeinali
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Saeidian A, Youssefian L, Sotoudeh S, Goodarzi A, Mahmoudi H, Yousefi M, Zeinali S, Casanova J, Jouanguy E, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. 172 Inherited STK4/MST1 deficiency in two unrelated families with atypical epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Youssefian L, Abdollahimajd F, Naji M, Rajabi F, Mahmoudi H, Kamyab Hesari K, Ghalamkarpour F, Zabihi M, Teimoorian M, Youssefian L, Zeinali S, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. 185 GJB2 mutations in patients with ichthyosis follicularis and histopathology of porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Mahmoudi H, Nili A, Salehi Farid A, Tavakolpour S, Daneshpazhooh M. Paradoxical worsening of pemphigus after rituximab presenting as figurate bullous eruption. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:e2. [PMID: 33822366 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Nili
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Salehi Farid
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Tavakolpour
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Toosi R, Teymourzadeh A, Mahmoudi H, Balighi K, Daneshpazhooh M. Correlation of anti-γ/ε nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibody levels with anti-desmoglein 1,3 antibody levels and disease severity in pemphigus vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1230-1235. [PMID: 33713456 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for nondesmoglein antigens in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been suggested in several studies. Acetylcholine receptors (AchR), are one of the most important groups of these antigens. However, the exact role of both antimuscarinic (m) and nicotinic (n) AchR antibodies (Abs) is still controversial. AIM To evaluate anti-desmoglein (Dsg)1, Dsg 3 and anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs values in patients with PV before and 3 months after rituximab (RTX) treatment, and to assess their correlation with disease severity. METHODS In total, 75 patients with PV (26 men, 49 women) who were planned to receive RTX were enrolled. Disease activity was assessed by using the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI). Using ELISA, anti-Dsg1,3 and anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs were determined at baseline and 3 months after RTX treatment. RESULTS At baseline, 53.33% patients had positive values for anti-Dsg1, 89.33% for anti-Dsg3 and 13.33% for anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs. All patients with positive anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs had the mucocutaneous phenotype. PDAI, anti-Dsg1,3 and anti-γ/ε nAchR values were dramatically decreased 3 months after RTX infusion (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between disease activity and anti-γ/ε nAchR values at baseline (P = 0.04), whereas no significant correlation was observed between anti-Dsg1,3 and anti-γ/ε nAchR values at baseline and 3 months after RTX infusion. CONCLUSION The reduction in anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs with clinical improvement in this study may suggest a synergic role for anti-γ/ε nAchR Abs with anti-Dsg1,3 Abs, or it could be an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toosi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Teymourzadeh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Ghiasi M, Ghanadan A, Kalantari Y, Mahmoudi H, Etesami I. Generalized milia-like calcinosis cutis in a child with Down syndrome: dermoscopic features. Dermatol Online J 2021; 27:13030/qt0bx294gm. [PMID: 33818994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - I Etesami
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
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10
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Daneshpazhooh M, Fazlolahi S, Mahmoudi H, Atefi I, van Beek N, Balighi K, Taghizadeh Fazli J, Kamyab K, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: the most frequent pemphigoid disease in patients with dermal binding autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on human salt-split skin in Tehran, Iran. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e370-e372. [PMID: 33497481 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Fazlolahi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - I Atefi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Taghizadeh Fazli
- Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Kamyab
- Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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11
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Ghiasi M, Ghanadan A, Kalantari Y, Mahmoudi H, Etesami I. Generalized milia-like calcinosis cutis in a child with Down syndrome: dermoscopic features. Dermatol Online J 2021. [DOI: 10.5070/d3272052398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Balighi K, Daneshpazhooh M, Lajevardi V, Mahmoudi H, Azizzadeh-Roodpishi S, Tavakolpour S, Shyaeganmehr M. Association of Human Herpes Virus 6 Infection with Lichen Planopilaris. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:977-982. [PMID: 33116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is the prototype of cicatricial alopecia and is the follicular form of lichen planus. Some studies showed viral agents such as hepatitis C virus; Epstein Bar virus and human Herpes viruses are associated with classic and oral lichen planus. We conducted this study to find if there is a relationship between LPP and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) as this virus is prevalent worldwide. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Razi Hospital, Tehran, during one-year interval. Total of 30 treatment naïve LPP patients and 30 healthy matched controls enrolled the study. Serum anti-HHV-6 antibody and the presence of virus genome examined using ELISA and Nested PCR technique, respectively. HHV-6 genome was also determined three months after treatment in LPP patients. Twenty-nine (96.6%) and 3(10%) of LPP patients were positive for anti-HHV-6 antibody and DNA genome, respectively; while 28(93.3%) and 3(10%) were positive in the control group. The presence of anti-HHV-6 antibody and HHV-6 genome was not statistically different between LPP patients and controls (p value >0.05). The comparison between LPP cases after three months of systemic therapies and the same controls also showed no statistically significant difference (P value >0.05). This study showed there is no association between lichen planopilaris and HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balighi
- Kamran Balighi, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Kariminejad A, Fischer J, Christiansen J, Schneider H, Guy A, Liu L, McGrath J, Has C, Uitto J. 307 Homozygous Biallelic KRT5 Mutations in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, Including a Complete Human Keratin 5 “Knock-Out”, in Families with Extensive Consanguinity. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Yang A, Xuan R, Melbourne W, Hashimoto T, Uzun S, Daneshpazhooh M, Yamagami J, Di Zenzo G, Mascaro J, Mahmoudi H, Patsatsi A, Drenovska K, Vassileva S, Murrell D. Inter‐rater reliability of the BIOCHIP indirect immunofluorescence dermatology mosaic in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:2327-2333. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Yang
- University of New South Wales Kogarah NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R.R. Xuan
- University of New South Wales Kogarah NSW Australia
| | - W. Melbourne
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - S. Uzun
- Department of Dermatology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya Turkey
| | - M. Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - J. Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology laboratory IDI‐IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - J.M. Mascaro
- Hospital Clinic and Barcelona University Medical School Barcelona Spain
| | - H. Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - A. Patsatsi
- 2nd Dermatology Department Aristotle University School of Medicine Thessaloniki Greece
| | - K. Drenovska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Sofia University of Medicine Sofia Bulgari
| | - S. Vassileva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Sofia University of Medicine Sofia Bulgari
| | - D.F. Murrell
- University of New South Wales Kogarah NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
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Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Toosi R, Tavakolpour S, Schmidt E, Zillikens D. Post-orf epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:e118-e119. [PMID: 30357964 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Toosi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Tavakolpour
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Mahmoudi H, Ghodsi S, Tavakolpour S, Daneshpazhooh M. Cryotherapy plus oral zinc sulfate versus cryotherapy plus placebo to treat common warts: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018; 4:87-90. [PMID: 29872682 PMCID: PMC5986231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous warts are caused by a small group of specific types of human papillomaviruses. Cryotherapy is a highly effective treatment for patients with viral warts; however, it is a painful method and usually requires several treatment sessions. Zinc is a trace element with many proven effects on the immune system. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral zinc sulfate in the treatment and recurrence rate of common warts. METHODS Eighty-three patients with common warts participated in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. In both groups, three sessions of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy were performed for up to 2 months with 3-week intervals. The treatment group (n = 45) received oral zinc sulfate capsules in a dose of 10 mg/kg per day up to 600 mg day. The control group (n = 38) was provided with placebo of similar appearance. Treatment continued for 2 months and the follow-up period lasted up to 6 months. RESULTS Warts completely resolved in 26 patients in the treatment group (68.4%) and 23 patients in the placebo group (63.9%; p = .68). Three patients (7.9%) in the treatment group and six patients (16.6%) in the placebo group has a recurrence of the warts (p = .19). CONCLUSION According to our study, the addition of zinc to cryotherapy was not beneficial in the treatment of patients with common warts nor did it prevent recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S.Z. Ghodsi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Tavakolpour
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Daneshpazhooh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Saeidian A, Zeinali S, Sotoudeh S, Mahmoudi H, Mansouri P, Daneshpazhooh M, Fortina P, Uitto J. 820 Customized gene-targeted next generation sequencing panel identifies a spectrum of mutations in consanguineous families affected by ichthyoses. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Zeinali S, Saeidian A, Touati A, Sotoudeh S, Daneshpazhooh M, Hamid M, Mozafari N, Mahmoudi H, Uitto J. 816 Iranian genetic skin and connective tissue disorders project: Epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Uitto J, Youssefian L, Saeidian A, Mahmoudi H, Touati A, McGrath J, Zeinali S, Fortina P, Vahidnezhad H. 176 A distinct cutaneous blistering phenotype with multi-system manifestations caused by a mutation in CD151, the 20th causative gene in epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mahmoudi H, Mohammadalizadeh A, Khaghanizade M. The Effect of Nurses’ Triage Training Based on Stabilization Model on the Patient’s Waiting Time in Emergency Department. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijn.30.108.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Nikoo A, Daneshpazhooh M, Fahim S, Ghanadan A, Mahmoudi H, Izadi Firoozabadi L. Persistent lip enlargement: An unusual presentation of lupus erythematosus. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:96-99. [PMID: 28560303 PMCID: PMC5440449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocheilia is a challenging problem with a variety of underlying causes that are both local and systemic, and granulomatous causes underlie the majority of cases. In this study, we report on a 31-year old man who presented with a chronic lower lip enlargement and a nodular submental erythematous lesion. He was otherwise clinically healthy. Laboratory test results were within the normal limit except for a positive anti-double stranded DNA test result. A diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus was made on the basis of histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. The lesions resolved dramatically after treatment with hydroxychloroquine. Lupus erythematosus should be considered when examining patients who present with chronic lip swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nikoo
- Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author.
| | - S. Fahim
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ghanadan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L. Izadi Firoozabadi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Uitto J, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Saeidian A, Sotoudeh S, Aghazadeh N, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Ertel A, Fortina P, Kamyab-Hesari K, Zeinali S. 511 Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: CERS3 mutations identified by a next generation sequencing array targeting ichthyosis genes. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Azma K, Raeissadat SA, Hosseini A, Mahmoudi H, Sepehrian M, Salehi Z. Thenar muscles H reflex in patients with fibromyalgia: A case control study. Acta Reumatol Port 2016; 41:145-150. [PMID: 27606474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate H-reflex parameters and specify the diagnostic accuracy measures of thenar muscle H-reflex in Fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS The study was a cross sectional study performed on 30 subjects with FM and 30 healthy volunteers in two major referral hospitals. We recorded the number of obtainable thenar H-reflexes and their minimum latency, threshold and amplitude in each group. RESULTS There was a significantly more chance to elicit the H-reflex in patients with FM. H reflex threshold and minimum latency were lower in FM group but no significant difference was shown for H wave amplitude. According to our study, thenar H-reflex has 46.7% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity and 66.7% diagnostic accuracy to detect FM. It also has moderate predictive values and positive likelihood ratio but low negative likelihood ratio. CONCLUSION Higher rate of thenar muscle H-reflex in fibromyalgia can be interpreted as a confirmatory finding to central sensitization theory for this disorder. Obtaining H-reflex from thenar muscles could be a helpful diagnostic tool for fibromyalgia that increases the confidence in diagnosis. Although it is a weak tool for screening because of low sensitivity, it has a relatively high specificity.
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24
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Ahmad S, Mahmoudi H, Naeem M, Betz RC. Autosomal recessive isolated familial acanthosis nigricans in a Pakistani family due to a homozygous mutation in the insulin receptor gene. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:476-8. [PMID: 23448340 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Hadhri R, Miladi S, Njim L, Dhouibi A, Mahmoudi H, Moussa A, Hofman P, Zakhama A. Mastite granulomateuse lobulaire : étude anatomoclinique de 14 cas. Ann Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2012.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Baâtour O, Kaddour R, Tarchoun I, Nasri N, Mahmoudi H, Zaghdoudi M, Ghaith H, Marzouk B, Ben Nasri-Ayachi M, Lachaâl M. Modification of fatty acid, essential oil and phenolic contents of salt-treated sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) according to developmental stage. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C1047-54. [PMID: 22978424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the composition of Origanum majorana L. essential oil (EO) and fatty acids were studied under salt treatment. Plant material has been harvested at 2 phenological stages: early vegetative stage (EVS) and late vegetative stage (LVS) or prefloral. Our results showed that the application of 75 mM NaCl increased total lipid contents in marjoram shoots and caused great qualitative changes in the fatty acids profiles. NaCl treatment reduced and stimulated the EO yields, respectively, at EVS and LVS and induced quantitative changes in the chemical EO composition in shoots. Phenolic contents were higher during the LVS than EVS in the absence and the presence of salt. Under control conditions, RP-HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of marjoram dried shoots showed a predominance of flavonoid during the EVS whereas phenolic acids predominated during the LVS. However, under 75 mM NaCl, we noted a predominance of flavonoid at LVS and constant levels of phenolic and flavonoid classes at the EVS. For control treatment and at both EVS and LVS, the main components identified were respectively rosmarinic acid gallic as phenolic acids and amentoflavone as flavonoid. In the presence of salt and at the EVS, we observed a significant increase in trans-2 hydrocinnamic, gallic acid and quercetin-3-galactoside contents. However, for the LVS, salt induced a stimulation of gallic acid, apigenin, and amentoflavone. Our results showed that LVS had the highest contents of bioactive compounds, and could be considered as the best stage for harvesting marjoram plants. Practical Application: In this study, the fatty acid composition, essential oil, and phenolic content of Origanum majorana were investigated. This is important for potential application of marjoram as functional food at the late vegetative stage. The richness of O. majorana in volatile and phenolic active compounds known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities could support the utilization of this plant in a large field of application including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agro alimentary, and biological defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Baâtour
- Unité de Physiologie et Biochimie de la Tolérance au Sel des Plantes, Départamento de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Université, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.
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27
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Asghar Saki A, Zamani P, Rahmati M, Mahmoudi H. The effect of cage density on laying hen performance, egg quality, and excreta minerals. J APPL POULTRY RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Jafari AA, Mahmoudi H, Mirjalili BF. Tungstophosphoric acid supported on silica gel (H3PW12O40/SiO2) as an eco-friendly, reusable and heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrroles in solution or under solvent-free microwave irradiation. JICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03245915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Askarian M, Mahmoudi H, Assadian O. First report of Iranian National nosocomial infectionsurveillance system software. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239657 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Hammedi F, Njim L, Dhouibi A, Hadhri R, Souki C, Labaied N, Mahmoudi H, Farah F, Moussa A, Zakhama A. Malformations pulmonaires congénitales : analyse anatomoclinique d’une série de 27 cas. Ann Pathol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2011.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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32
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Ben Meriem C, Ghédira Besbès L, Hammami S, Hadded S, Hamzaoui A, Gassab I, Mahmoudi H, Chouchane S, Guédiche M. P132 - Paralysie faciale récidivante révélant un syndrome Gougerot - Sjogren primitif. Arch Pediatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Azma K, Bahmanteimoury K, Tavana B, Moghaddam FR, Moghaddam NM, Mahmoudi H. Two measurement methods of motor ulnar nerve conduction velocity at the elbow: a comparative study. Neurol India 2009; 55:145-7. [PMID: 17558119 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.32786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrodiagnostically, localization of ulnar nerve lesions, which commonly occurs at the elbow, is sometimes problematic. Measurement of motor ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the elbow is amongst the most popular techniques to diagnose ulnar neuropathy. In this method, recording from the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) is suggested to be more sensitive than the abductor digiti minimi (ADM). However, the criterion for abnormality is based on the normal values recorded from ADM. AIMS To determine the normal values of Ulnar motor NCV using FDI and ADM and the difference between the values obtained from FDI and ADM. Additionally, to measure the amount of reduction of NCV across the elbow for each recording site. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed on 50 healthy volunteers (100 nerves). All subjects were in the same condition regarding joint position and surface hand temperature. We recorded ulnar NCV at forearm and across the elbow with recording electrode on both FDI and ADM, simultaneously. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The mean NCV at the elbow recorded from ADM and FDI were 62.65 +/- 7.62 m/s and 60.49 +/- 7.42 m/s respectively, showing significant difference. The ulnar minimum normal NCVs recorded from ADM and FDI were 47.4 m/s and 45.6 m/s, respectively. If the normal values of ADM are used as the basis for recording from FDI, it could lead to false-positive diagnosis of cases suspicious of ulnar neuropathy. Therefore it is preferred to use the normal values of FDI itself while recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Azma
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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34
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Saki AA, Abbasinezhad M, Ghazi S, Tabatabai MM, Goodarzi M, Ahmadi A, Zaboli K, Karami O, Zamani Z, Mahmoudi H. Protein Pattern and Urease Activity of Two Types of Soybean Meal on Protein Digestibility and Chicken Performance. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9706982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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35
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Belhadjali H, Mohamed M, Mahmoudi H, Youssef M, Moussa A, Chouchane S, Chouchane A, Zakhama A, Zili J. Self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker disease): two Tunisian cases. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2008; 17:188-192. [PMID: 19104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (SHLCH) is a rare self-limited variant of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that presents at birth or during the neonatal period. It was first described by Hashimoto and Pritzker in 1973. Subsequently, more than 70 cases have been reported in the literature. Regarding age of onset, SHLCH should be divided into congenital SHLCH and rare late-onset type. We report here two additional cases of SHLCH in Tunisian infants. We emphasize the need for long-term follow-up in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belhadjali
- Department of Dermatology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
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36
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Saki AA, Mahmoudi H, Tabatabaei MM, Ahmadi A. The Availability of Energy and Protein, with Respect to Uric Acid, of Yellow-seeded Rapeseed Meal in Broiler Diets. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.70492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Derguine R, Yargui L, Bouali F, Mahmoudi H, Hadjeres A, Chahi M, Berhoune A. La dyslipidémie de l’obèse en bonne santé apparente : rapports avec l’insulinorésistance. Rev Med Interne 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.03.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Saki AA, Mahmoudi H, Tabatabaei MM, Ahmadi A. Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Value of Yellow-seeded Rapeseed Meal in Broiler Chicken Performance. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2008.9706889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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39
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Mahmoudi H, Pagnani A, Weigt M, Zecchina R. Propagation of external regulation and asynchronous dynamics in random Boolean networks. Chaos 2007; 17:026109. [PMID: 17614696 DOI: 10.1063/1.2742931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Boolean networks and their dynamics are of great interest as abstract modeling schemes in various disciplines, ranging from biology to computer science. Whereas parallel update schemes have been studied extensively in past years, the level of understanding of asynchronous updates schemes is still very poor. In this paper we study the propagation of external information given by regulatory input variables into a random Boolean network. We compute both analytically and numerically the time evolution and the asymptotic behavior of this propagation of external regulation (PER). In particular, this allows us to identify variables that are completely determined by this external information. All those variables in the network that are not directly fixed by PER form a core which contains, in particular, all nontrivial feedback loops. We design a message-passing approach allowing to characterize the statistical properties of these cores in dependence of the Boolean network and the external condition. At the end we establish a link between PER dynamics and the full random asynchronous dynamics of a Boolean network.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahmoudi
- Institute for Scientific Interchange, Viale Settimio Severo 65, Villa Gualino, I-10133 Torino, Italy
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40
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Njim L, Moussa A, Achach T, Ben Yahia N, Mahmoudi H, Hadhri R, Mekki M, Zakhama A. Récidive maligne du tératome sacrococcygien à propos de 4 cas. Ann Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(06)78499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Moussa A, Belaid L, Hadhri R, Njim L, Mahmoudi H, Kacem M, Zakhama A. Hyperplasie surrénalienne bilatérale pigmentée avec foyers myélolipomateux dans le cadre d’un déficit enzymatique en 11β-hydroxylase. Ann Pathol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(04)94150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Solid cystic papillary tumors of the pancreas are rare; they occur most commonly in young women. Despite their characteristic microscopic appearance, their immunophenotype is not specific. Their prognosis is excellent after complete surgical resection. The study aim was to report two cases in female patients who were 15 and 20 years old; the first tumor was discovered fortuitously and the second girl presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Both tumors were encapsulated and located in the tail of the pancreas. The histological study showed the papillary architecture mixed with solid areas. Immunohistochemical staining was positive only for vimentin in one case and positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, vimentin and protein S100 in the second case.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bahri
- Laboratoire d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
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Le Nen D, Mahmoudi H, Dubrana F, Hu W, Lefevre C. [Surgical treatment of freshly closed articular fractures of proximal interphalangeal joints]. J Chir (Paris) 1998; 134:390-400. [PMID: 9682754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eleven fractures of the base of P2 and 8 fractures of the head of P1 were treated surgically. We review the results after a mean follow-up of 4 years 5 months. Due to their complexity is no real consensus on the treatment of P2 and various treatments were used. This series demonstrated two points: first the was no correlation between the degree of patient satisfaction and the section of digital immobilization; second, residual subluxation and/or arthrosic remodeling was frequent but was not incompatible with a good objective and subjective outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Le Nen
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Traumatologique et Réparatrice, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, C.H.U., Brest
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