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Kaazan P, Seow W, Tan Z, Logan H, Philpott H, Huynh D, Warren N, McIvor C, Holtmann G, Clark SR, Tse E. Deliberate foreign body ingestion in patients with underlying mental illness: A retrospective multicentre study. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:619-624. [PMID: 37473424 PMCID: PMC10566206 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231189431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deliberate foreign body ingestion (DFBI) is characterised by recurrent presentations among patients with mental health conditions, intellectual disabilities and in prisoners. We aimed to profile the characteristics and evaluate the care of such patients in this study. METHODS Adult patients with an endoscopic record of attempted foreign body retrieval between January 2013 and September 2020 were identified at three Australian hospitals. Those with a documented mental health diagnosis were included and their standard medical records reviewed. Presentation history, demographics, comorbidities and endoscopic findings were recorded and described. RESULTS A total of 166 admissions were accounted for by 35 patients, 2/3 of which had borderline personality disorder (BPD). Repetitive presentations occurred in more than half of the cohort. There was an increased trend of hospital admissions throughout the years. At least half of the cohort had a documented mental health review during their admission. An average of 3.3 (2.9) foreign bodies were ingested per single episode. Endoscopic intervention was performed in 76.5% of incidents. The combined Length of stay for all patients was 680 days. CONCLUSION Deliberate foreign body ingestion in mental health patients is a common, recurring and challenging problem that is increasing in frequency and requires collaborative research to further guide holistic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaazan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - W Seow
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Z Tan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - H Logan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Philpott
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Huynh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
| | - N Warren
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Addiction and mental health services, Brisbane, Metro South health
| | - C McIvor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Logan Hospital, Logan, Australia
| | - G Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S R Clark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Central Adelaide Local Health Network
| | - E Tse
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Philpott H, Garcia-Caurel E, Guaitella O, Sobota A. Increasing signal-to-noise ratio in over-determined Mueller matrices. Opt Express 2023; 31:25585-25597. [PMID: 37710441 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates how the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an over-determined Mueller matrix can be improved by changing the method of calculation. Specifically, our investigation focused on comparing SNRs achieved using the vector methodology from the field of partial Mueller polarimetry, and the matrix methodology. We use experimentally derived measurements from an investigation into the time-varying signal produced by the Mueller matrix of an electro-optic Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) crystal undergoing cyclical impact of a Helium plasma ionisation wave. Our findings show that the vector methodology is superior to the matrix methodology, with a maximum SNR of 7.54 versus 4.97. We put forth that the superiority of the vector methodology is due to its greater flexibility, which results in the Mueller matrix being calculated with better condition matrices, and higher levels of SNR in the intensity measurements used for calculation.
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Philpott H, Garcia-Caurel E, Guaitella O, Sobota A. Optimizing Mueller polarimetry in noisy systems through over-determination. Appl Opt 2021; 60:9594-9606. [PMID: 34807140 DOI: 10.1364/ao.435085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mueller polarimetry measurements are increasingly being used to image highly dynamic and short-lived phenomena such as plasma discharges. For phenomena such as these, exposure times below 1 µs must be used. Unfortunately, these low exposure times significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, making accurate and consistent measurements difficult. To overcome this limitation, we investigated increasing the number of Stokes vectors produced from a polarization state analyzer and polarization state generator, a process known as over-determination. To conduct our analysis, we used results from physical experiments using Stokes vectors generated by liquid crystal variable retarders. These results were then verified using data from simulations. First, we conclude that increasing the degree of over-determination is a simple and effective way of dealing with this noise; however, we also convey that choosing the best scheme is not an entirely trivial process. Second, we demonstrate that over-determination gives rise to hitherto inaccessible information that allows for the quantification of statistical noise and, crucially, the pinpointing of the origin of systematic error, a highly beneficial process that has been lacking until now.
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Shahzad MA, Harding D, Ruszkiewicz A, Tran E, England G, Philpott H. Gastrointestinal: Olmesartan-induced enteropathy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1691. [PMID: 29968297 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Shahzad
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Harding
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Ruszkiewicz
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Tran
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G England
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Philpott
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Philpott H, Gibson PR. Letter: dietary therapy in eosinophilic oesophagitis - do not test, just eliminate and reintroduce the most common food triggers. Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:905-6. [PMID: 27634233 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - P R Gibson
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Peters SL, Yao CK, Philpott H, Yelland GW, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Editorial: gut-directed hypnotherapy or low FODMAP diet for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:902-3. [PMID: 27634231 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - C K Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - H Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - G W Yelland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - J G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Peters SL, Yao CK, Philpott H, Yelland GW, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy of gut-directed hypnotherapy is similar to that of the low FODMAP diet for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:447-59. [PMID: 27397586 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). AIM To compare the effects of gut-directed hypnotherapy to the low FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological indices, and assess additive effects. METHODS Irritable bowel syndrome patients were randomised (computer-generated list), to receive hypnotherapy, diet or a combination. Primary end-point: change in overall gastrointestinal symptoms across the three groups from baseline to week 6. Secondary end-points: changes in psychological indices, and the durability of effects over 6 months. RESULTS Of 74 participants, 25 received hypnotherapy, 24 diet and 25 combination. There were no demographic differences at baseline across groups. Improvements in overall symptoms were observed from baseline to week 6 for hypnotherapy [mean difference (95% CI): -33 (-41 to -25)], diet [-30 (-42 to -19)] and combination [-36 (-45 to -27)] with no difference across groups (P = 0.67). This represented ≥20 mm improvement on visual analogue scale in 72%, 71% and 72%, respectively. This improvement relative to baseline symptoms was maintained 6 months post-treatment in 74%, 82% and 54%. Individual gastrointestinal symptoms similarly improved. Hypnotherapy resulted in superior improvements on psychological indices with mean change from baseline to 6 months in State Trait Personality Inventory trait anxiety of -4(95% CI -6 to -2) P < 0.0001; -1(-3 to 0.3) P = ns; and 0.3(-2 to 2) P = ns, and in trait depression of -3(-5 to -0.7) P = 0.011; -0.8(-2 to 0.2) P = ns; and 0.6(-2 to 3) P = ns, respectively. Groups improved similarly for QOL (all p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Durable effects of gut-directed hypnotherapy are similar to those of the low FODMAP diet for relief of gastrointestinal symptoms. Hypnotherapy has superior efficacy to the diet on psychological indices. No additive effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - C K Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - H Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - G W Yelland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - J G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Thien F, Gibson PR. Allergy tests do not predict food triggers in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. A comprehensive prospective study using five modalities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:223-33. [PMID: 27247257 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of allergy tests to guide dietary treatment for eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is controversial and data are limited. Aeroallergen sensitisation patterns and food triggers have been defined in Northern Hemisphere cohorts only. AIMS To determine if allergy tests that are routinely available can predict food triggers in adult patients with EoE. To define the food triggers and aeroallergen sensitisation patterns in a novel Southern Hemisphere (Australian) cohort of patients. METHODS Consecutive patients with EoE who elected to undergo dietary therapy were prospectively assessed, demographic details and atopic characteristics recorded, and allergy tests, comprising skin-prick and skin-patch tests, serum allergen-specific IgE, basophil activation test and serum food-specific IgG, were performed. Patients underwent a six-food elimination diet with a structured algorithm that included endoscopic and histological examination of the oesophagus a minimum of 2 weeks after each challenge. Response was defined as <15 eosinophils per HPF. Foods defined as triggers were considered as gold standard and were compared with those identified by allergy testing. RESULTS No allergy test could accurately predict actual food triggers. Concordance among skin-prick and serum allergen-specific IgE was high for aeroallergens only. Among seasonal aeroallergens, rye-grass sensitisation was predominant. Food triggers were commonly wheat, milk and egg, alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS None of the currently-available allergy tests predicts food triggers for EoE. Exclusion-rechallenge methodology with oesophageal histological assessment remains the only effective investigation. The same food triggers were identified in this southern hemisphere cohort as previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Nandurkar
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S G Royce
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - F Thien
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Gibson PR. Editorial: management of eosinophilic oesophagitis - efficacy vs. effectiveness. Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:199-200. [PMID: 27296681 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. .,Eastern Health clinical school, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - P R Gibson
- Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Gibson PR. Letter: avoiding misconceptions about elimination diet for eosinophilic oesophagitis - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:100-1. [PMID: 27250591 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - P R Gibson
- Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Yao C, Tuck C, Barrett J, Canale K, Philpott H, Gibson P. Reproducibility of lactulose and fructose breath hydrogen testing and impact on clinical utility. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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12
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Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Thien F, Gibson PR. A prospective open clinical trial of a proton pump inhibitor, elimination diet and/or budesonide for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:985-93. [PMID: 26939578 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elimination diets and high-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are advocated as first-line treatments in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). AIM To record the treatment outcome for patients with EoE prospectively managed according to a clinical algorithm. METHODS Patients with oesophageal eosinophilia commenced esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. Those in histological remission were re-classified as PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. Nonresponders were offered the 6-food elimination diet with a PPI, or topical budesonide monotherapy (1 mg orally twice daily as an aqueous gel). Once disease control was achieved remission was reassessed at 3 months (all modalities) and an additional 6 months (diet group). RESULTS Of 107 patients who completed 8 weeks of PPI, 25 (23%) were PPI-responsive. 56 of 81 (69%) of patients with EoE chose the elimination diet with PPI. 29 (52%) had complete remission, 23 completed dietary reintroduction and food triggers were identified in 20 (36%). 25 chose budesonide with 23/25 (92%) responding. Remission was sustained in >85% of patients at 3 months with all treatment modalities. At 9 months, only 10/18 (55%) of patients who responded to the elimination diet with PPI remained complaint and sustained remission. CONCLUSIONS Many patients previously diagnosed with EoE will respond to PPI. Initial response >50% is possible with the elimination diet plus PPI, but many will fail to undergo food reintroduction, or will cease the diet and relapse, resulting in only one in four patient sustaining remission at 9 months. Budesonide is very effective short term, but longer term study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Nandurkar
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S G Royce
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - F Thien
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Gibson PR. Letter: seasonality in eosinophilic oesophagitis and food bolus obstruction - what about recurrent episodes? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:936. [PMID: 26331556 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. .,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. .,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - S Nandurkar
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S G Royce
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Lubel J, Nandurkar S. Letter: colestyramine for chronic unexplained diarrhoea - promising but much to learn? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:388. [PMID: 26147113 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - J Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Nandurkar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, Thien F, Gibson PR. Risk factors for eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1012-9. [PMID: 24990069 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen driven disease, whereby food and/or aeroallergens result in inflammation and luminal narrowing, and the clinical symptoms of dysphagia and food bolus obstruction events (FBOE). Established risk factors are male gender, Caucasian race and atopy. Increased risk amongst family members, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a gene coding thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on the pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes supports a genetic predisposition. Environmental factors including the timing and nature of food and aeroallergen exposure to the developing immune system may be important, whilst esophageal barrier function integrity and the influence of microbiota are worthy of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Peters S, Yao C, Shepherd S, Philpott H, Yelland G, Muir J, Gibson P. The low fodmap diet and gut-directed hypnotherapy are equally efficacious in patients with irritable bowel sydnrome. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sinclair M, Roberts S, Kemp W, Knight V, Dev A, Gow P, Philpott H, Kronborg I, Arachchi NJ, Bell S, Lim L, Gorelik A, Nicoll A. Epidemiology of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in Victoria. Intern Med J 2013; 43:501-6. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - S. Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology; Alfred Hospital; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - W. Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology; Alfred Hospital; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - V. Knight
- Department of Gastroenterology; Monash Medical Centre; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - A. Dev
- Department of Gastroenterology; Monash Medical Centre; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - P. Gow
- Department of Gastroenterology; Austin; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - H. Philpott
- Department of Gastroenterology; Austin; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - I. Kronborg
- Department of Gastroenterology; Western Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - N. J. Arachchi
- Department of Gastroenterology; Western Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S. Bell
- Department of Gastroenterology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - L. Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Gorelik
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - A. Nicoll
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
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Philpott H, Gibson PR, Thien F, Nandurkar S. Letter: an allergic phenotype in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and asthma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:755-6. [PMID: 23458535 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mackay I, Horwell A, Garner J, White J, McKee J, Philpott H. Reanalyses of the historical series of UK variety trials to quantify the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to trends and variability in yield over time. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 122:225-38. [PMID: 20835813 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Historical datasets have much to offer. We analyse data from winter wheat, spring and winter barley, oil seed rape, sugar beet and forage maize from the UK National List and Recommended List trials over the period 1948-2007. We find that since 1982, for the cereal crops and oil seed rape, at least 88% of the improvement in yield is attributable to genetic improvement, with little evidence that changes in agronomy have improved yields. In contrast, in the same time period, plant breeding and changes in agronomy have contributed almost equally to increased yields of forage maize and sugar beet. For the cereals prior to 1982, contributions from plant breeding were 42, 60 and 86% for winter barley, winter wheat and spring barley, respectively. These results demonstrate the overwhelming importance of plant breeding in increasing crop productivity in the UK. Winter wheat data are analysed in more detail to exemplify the use of historical data series to study and detect disease resistance breakdown, sensitivity of varieties to climatic factors, and also to test methods of genomic selection. We show that breakdown of disease resistance can cause biased estimates of variety and year effects, but that comparison of results between fungicide treated and untreated trials over years may be a means to screen for durable resistance. We find the greatest sensitivities of the winter wheat germplasm to seasonal differences in rainfall and temperature are to summer rainfall and winter temperature. Finally, for genomic selection, correlations between observed and predicted yield ranged from 0.17 to 0.83. The high correlation resulted from markers predicting kinship amongst lines rather than tagging multiple QTL. We believe the full value of these data will come from exploiting links with other experiments and experimental populations. However, not to exploit such valuable historical datasets is wasteful.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mackay
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 OLE, UK.
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Abstract
Chronic urticaria is a disease consisting of spontaneous pruritic welts, present on all or most days for more than 6 weeks. It is commonly supposed to be allergic in origin, although allergy is not the cause in the majority of cases, and it has therefore been termed 'chronic idiopathic urticaria'. Recent evidence indicates that at least a subset of patients in whom no extrinsic or internal cause can be identified are in fact autoimmune in origin. This is based mainly on the detection of pathogenic autoantibodies to the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcepsilonR1, which are thought to activate cutaneous mast cells. In this article, we review the evidence that has given rise to this autoimmune 'paradigm' and its impact on diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Philpott
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Shakib S, Philpott H, Clark R. What we have here is a failure to communicate! Improving communication between tertiary to primary care for chronic heart failure patients. Intern Med J 2008; 39:595-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fonn S, Philpott H. Preparatory report for workshop on maternity and neonatal services policy for the PWV. Urban Health Newsl 1995:38-52. [PMID: 12178500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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