1
|
Bianco A, Neefjes I, Alfaouri D, Vehkamäki H, Kurtén T, Ahonen L, Passananti M, Kangasluoma J. Separation of isomers using a differential mobility analyser (DMA): Comparison of experimental vs modelled ion mobility. Talanta 2022; 243:123339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
2
|
Loukonen V, Kuo IF, McGrath M, Vehkamäki H. On the stability and dynamics of (sulfuric acid)(ammonia) and (sulfuric acid)(dimethylamine) clusters: A first-principles molecular dynamics investigation. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
3
|
Noppel M, Vehkamäki H, Winkler PM, Kulmala M, Wagner PE. Heterogeneous nucleation in multi-component vapor on a partially wettable charged conducting particle. II. The generalized Laplace, Gibbs-Kelvin, and Young equations and application to nucleation. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4822047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
4
|
Noppel M, Vehkamäki H, Winkler PM, Kulmala M, Wagner PE. Heterogeneous nucleation in multi-component vapor on a partially wettable charged conducting particle. I. Formulation of general equations: electrical surface and line excess quantities. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134107. [PMID: 24116552 DOI: 10.1063/1.4822046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamics is applied to formulate general equations for internal energies and grand potential for a system consisting of a dielectric liquid nucleus of a new phase on a charged insoluble conducting sphere within a uniform macroscopic one- or multicomponent mother phase. The currently available model for ion-induced nucleation assumes complete spherical symmetry of the system, implying that the seed ion is immediately surrounded by the condensing liquid from all sides. We take a step further and treat more realistic geometries, where a cap-shaped liquid cluster forms on the surface of the seed particle. To take into account spontaneous polarization of surface layer molecules we introduce the electrical surface and line excess quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Noppel
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olenius T, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Ortega IK, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H. Free energy barrier in the growth of sulfuric acid–ammonia and sulfuric acid–dimethylamine clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4819024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
6
|
Merikanto J, Napari I, Vehkamäki H, Anttila T, Kulmala M. Correction to “New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Hienola AI, Winkler PM, Wagner PE, Vehkamäki H, Lauri A, Napari I, Kulmala M. Estimation of line tension and contact angle from heterogeneous nucleation experimental data. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:094705. [PMID: 17362116 DOI: 10.1063/1.2565769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the classical nucleation theory corrected with line tension and experimental data of heterogeneous nucleation of n-nonane, n-propanol, and their mixture on silver particles of three different sizes, the authors were able to estimate the line tensions and the microscopic contact angles for the above mentioned systems. To do this they applied generalized Young's equation for the line tension and calculated the interfacial tensions using Li and Neumann's equation [Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 39, 299 (1992)]. It has been found that, for both unary and binary systems, the line tension is negative and the resulting microscopic contact angle derived from experimental nucleation data is most of the time larger than the macroscopic one. This is in contrast to earlier studies where the influence of line tension has not been accounted for. The values of the three phase contact line tension obtained in this way are of the same order of magnitude as the estimations for other systems reported in literature. The line tension effect also decreases considerably the nucleation barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Hienola
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merikanto J, Napari I, Vehkamäki H, Anttila T, Kulmala M. New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
9
|
Salonen M, Napari I, Vehkamäki H. Molecular dynamics simulation of atomic clusters in equilibrium with a vapour. Molecular Simulation 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020601178024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Gaman AI, Napari I, Winkler PM, Vehkamäki H, Wagner PE, Strey R, Viisanen Y, Kulmala M. Homogeneous nucleation of n-nonane and n-propanol mixtures: A comparison of classical nucleation theory and experiments. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:244502. [PMID: 16396544 DOI: 10.1063/1.2138703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneous nucleation rates for n-nonane-n-propanol vapor mixtures have been calculated as a function of vapor-phase activities at 230 K using the classical nucleation theory (CNT) with both rigorous and approximate kinetic prefactors and compared to previously reported experimental data. The predicted nucleation rates resemble qualitatively the experimental results for low n-nonane gas phase activity. On the high nonane activity side the theoretical nucleation rates are about three orders of magnitude lower than the experimental data when using the CNT with the approximate kinetics. The accurate kinetics improves the situation by reducing the difference between theory and experiments to two orders of magnitude. Besides the nucleation rate comparison and the experimental and predicted onset activities, the critical cluster composition is presented. The total number of molecules is approximated by CNT with reasonable accuracy. Overall, the classical nucleation theory with rigorous kinetic prefactor seems to perform better. The thermodynamic parameters needed to calculate the nucleation rates are revised extensively. Up-to-date estimates of liquid phase activities using universal functional activity coefficient Dortmund method are presented together with the experimental values of surface tensions obtained in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Gaman
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tervahattu H, Juhanoja J, Vaida V, Tuck AF, Niemi JV, Kupiainen K, Kulmala M, Vehkamäki H. Fatty acids on continental sulfate aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tervahattu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - V. Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. F. Tuck
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. V. Niemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Kupiainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Nordic Envicon Oy; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- Department of Physical Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Vehkamäki
- Department of Physical Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Noppel M, Vehkamäki H, Kulmala M. Reversible work of the formation of a layer of a new phase on a spherical charged conductor within a uniform multicomponent macroscopic mother phase. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1620499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
13
|
Vehkamäki H, Kulmala M, Lehtinen KEJ, Noppel M. Modelling binary homogeneous nucleation of water-sulfuric acid vapours: parameterisation for high temperature emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2003; 37:3392-3398. [PMID: 12966986 DOI: 10.1021/es0263442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Particles formed in the automobile exhaust might form a significant fraction of fine particles in urban air. We have developed a model and produced parametrizations for predicting the particle formation rate at exhaust conditions. We studied the formation in the mixture of water and sulfuric acid vapors and at temperatures between 300 and 400 K. A thermodynamically consistent version of the classical binary homogeneous nucleation model was used. The needed thermodynamical input data (vapor pressures, chemical activities, surface tensions, densities) are carefully investigated and utilized in thermodynamically consistent way. The obtained nucleation rates are parametrized in order to be able to use this nucleation model in aerosol dynamic models, exhaust models, or other process models. The parametrization reduces computational time at least by a factor of 500.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Vehkamäki
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2) FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Vehkamäki H. An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid–water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
Kulmala M, Lauri A, Vehkamäki H, Laaksonen A, Petersen D, Wagner PE. Strange Predictions by Binary Heterogeneous Nucleation Theory Compared with a Quantitative Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - A. Lauri
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - H. Vehkamäki
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - A. Laaksonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - D. Petersen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - P. E. Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vehkamäki H, Ford IJ. Nucleation theorems applied to the Ising model. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 59:6483-8. [PMID: 11969633 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We use Monte Carlo simulations to study a single cluster of "up" spins in a sea of "down" spins in the three-dimensional Ising model. We evaluate the growth and decay rates for clusters of different sizes, identify the critical size for which these rates are equal, and obtain the internal energy of the critical size cluster. The results of the simulations at different temperatures and magnetic fields are used together with the first and second nucleation theorems to predict how the cluster nucleation rate changes when the external magnetic field and the temperature are changed. Our results are in agreement with literature values, but our method requires significantly less computational effort than the simulations reported earlier and avoids the difficult evaluation of free energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Vehkamäki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|