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Pinello J, Loidl J, Seltzer E, Cassidy-Hanley D, Kolbin D, Abdelatif A, Rey F, An R, Newberger N, Bisharyan Y, Papoyan H, Byun H, Aguilar H, Cole E, Clark T. Novel requirements for HAP2-mediated gamete fusion in Tetrahymena. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2928984. [PMID: 37292678 PMCID: PMC10246275 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2928984/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ancestral gamete fusion protein, HAP2, catalyzes sperm-egg fusion in a broad range of taxa dating to the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Remarkably, HAP2 orthologs are structurally related to the class II fusogens of modern-day viruses, and recent studies make clear that these proteins utilize similar mechanisms to achieve membrane merger. To identify factors that may regulate HAP2 activity, we screened mutants of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila for behaviors that mimic Δhap2 knockout phenotypes in this species. Using this approach, we identified two new genes, GFU1 and GFU2, whose products are necessary for the formation of membrane pores during fertilization and show that the product of a third gene, namely ZFR1, may be involved in pore maintenance and/or expansion. Finally, we propose a model that explains cooperativity between the fusion machinery on apposed membranes of mating cells and accounts for successful fertilization in T. thermophila's multiple mating type system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Pinello
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - J. Loidl
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - E.S. Seltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - D. Cassidy-Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - D. Kolbin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - A. Abdelatif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - F.A. Rey
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, France
| | - R. An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - N.J. Newberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - Y. Bisharyan
- Office of Technology Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA
| | - H. Papoyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - H.M. Byun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - H.C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
| | - E. Cole
- Biology Department, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057 USA
| | - T.G. Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA
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Chung JH, Byun H, Lee SH, Park CW, Jang EY. Temperament and character traits in patients with tinnitus: a prospective case series with comparisons. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:397-403. [PMID: 27930870 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the personality traits of temperament and character in patients with tinnitus and to identify differences in these traits associated with the severity of tinnitus. STUDY DESIGN Case series with comparisons. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS From January to December 2014, one hundred and thirty-four adult patients with chronic subjective tinnitus completed psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MEASUREMENTS Personality traits were assessed by the TCI. The TCI assesses seven dimensions of personality traits and four temperaments 'novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence', as well as three characters 'self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence'. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The values of the TCI parameters in the tinnitus patients were compared with reference data from a non-institutional adult population, and associations between TCI parameter values and tinnitus severity were evaluated. RESULTS In terms of temperament, tinnitus patients had higher scores for 'harm avoidance', whereas scores for 'novelty seeking', 'reward dependence' and 'persistence' were significantly lower than the reference. In terms of character, lower 'cooperativeness' and 'self-transcendence' were identified in the subjects with tinnitus. The 'novelty seeking' score was inversely related to tinnitus severity (r = -0.285, P = 0.001), while other temperament and character traits did not show significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS There may be a connection between tinnitus and personality traits, especially in the case of 'novelty seeking', which is relatively constant over a lifetime. The TCI questionnaire may be useful in facilitating the application of personality traits to tailored counselling for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Y Jang
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Honam University, Gwangju, Korea
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Byun H. Mitochondrial DNA methylation changes through airborne pollutants and toxicants. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim B, Kim K, Jeon P, Kim S, Kim H, Byun H, Cha J, Hong S, Jo K. Thromboembolic complications in patients with clopidogrel resistance after coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1786-92. [PMID: 24831597 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antiplatelet resistance is known to be associated with symptomatic ischemic complication after endovascular coil embolization. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between antiplatelet resistance and clinically silent thromboembolic complications using DWI in patients who underwent coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between October 2011 and May 2013, 58 patients with 62 unruptured aneurysms who were measured for antiplatelet response using VerifyNow assay and underwent elective coil embolization for an unruptured aneurysm with posttreatment DWI were enrolled. Diffusion-positive lesions were classified into 3 groups according to the number of lesions (n=0 [grade 0], n<6 [grade I], and n≥6 [grade II]). The relationship between antiplatelet resistance and diffusion-positive lesions was analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-two endovascular coiling procedures were performed on 58 patients. Clopidogrel resistance was revealed in 23 patients (39.7%) and diffusion-positive lesions were demonstrated in 28 patients (48.3%); these consisted of 19 (32.8%) grade I and 9 (15.5%) grade II lesions. Clopidogrel resistance was not relevant to the development of any diffusion-positive lesion (grade I and II, P=.789) but was associated with the development of multiple diffusion-positive lesions (grade II, P=.002). In the logistic regression prediction model, clopidogrel resistance showed significant correlation with the development of grade II lesions (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple diffusion-positive lesions (≥6 in number) occurred more frequently in patients with clopidogrel resistance after endovascular coiling for unruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - P Jeon
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - S Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - H Byun
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - J Cha
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.K., K.K., P.J., S.K., H.K., H.B., J.C.)
| | - S Hong
- Neurosurgery (S.H., K.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Jo
- Neurosurgery (S.H., K.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Song J, Chung H, Lee H, Chun J, Byun H, Joo J. UP-3.194: The Outcome of TURP on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms According to Shape of Prostate. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barwicz T, Byun H, Gan F, Holzwarth CW, Popovic MA, Rakich PT, Watts MR, Ippen EP, Kärtner FX, Smith HI, Orcutt JS, Ram RJ, Stojanovic V, Olubuyide OO, Hoyt JL, Spector S, Geis M, Grein M, Lyszczarz T, Yoon JU. Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1364/jon.6.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lee S, Byun H, Song S, Cheon K, Koong M, Park Y. Comparison of NPB (Nuclear Precursor Body) Score, Embryonic Development and Pregnancy Outcomes Between Fresh- and Frozen-Thawed Testicular Sperm in Obstructive Azoospermic Patients. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hwang S, Gwack Y, Byun H, Lim C, Choe J. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K8 protein interacts with CREB-binding protein (CBP) and represses CBP-mediated transcription. J Virol 2001; 75:9509-16. [PMID: 11533213 PMCID: PMC114518 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.19.9509-9516.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2001] [Accepted: 06/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame K8 encodes a basic region-leucine zipper protein of 237 amino acids that homodimerizes with its bZIP domain. KSHV K8 shows significant homology to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early protein Zta, a key regulator in the reactivation and replication of EBV. In this study, we report that K8, like its homolog EBV Zta, interacts with cellular CREB-binding protein (CBP) in vivo and in vitro. This interaction requires the C/H3 domain of CBP and the basic region of K8. K8 represses CBP-mediated transcription by competing with limited amounts of cellular CBP, exemplified by the reduced expression from the AP-1 and human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Gwack Y, Hwang S, Byun H, Lim C, Kim JW, Choi EJ, Choe J. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 50 represses p53-induced transcriptional activity and apoptosis. J Virol 2001; 75:6245-8. [PMID: 11390631 PMCID: PMC114345 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.13.6245-6248.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 50 (ORF50) encodes a viral transcriptional activator which stimulates the transcription of viral early and late genes of KSHV. Here we show that ORF50 represses transcriptional activity of p53 and p53-induced apoptosis through interaction with CREB binding protein (CBP). This inhibitory effect of ORF50 on the transcriptional activity of p53 was relieved by the addition of CBP. ORF50 mutants, which are defective in interaction with CBP, lost the inhibitory effects on p53. Our data provide a framework for delineating the regulatory mechanisms used by KSHV to modulate cellular transcription and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gwack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Gwack Y, Byun H, Hwang S, Lim C, Choe J. CREB-binding protein and histone deacetylase regulate the transcriptional activity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 50. J Virol 2001; 75:1909-17. [PMID: 11160690 PMCID: PMC115137 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.4.1909-1917.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2000] [Accepted: 11/13/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 50 (ORF50) encodes a viral transcriptional activator, which binds to the KSHV promoter and stimulates the transcription of viral early and late genes, thus activating the lytic cycle of KSHV. We report here that KSHV ORF50 binds to the cellular proteins CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) and these binding events modulate ORF50-activated viral transcription. Binding of ORF50 to CBP and HDAC activates and represses, respectively, ORF50-mediated viral transcription. KSHV ORF50 was shown to bind to the C/H3 domain and the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of CBP, while CBP bound to the amino-terminal basic domain and the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of ORF50. The LXXLL motif within the transcriptional activation domain of ORF50 is reminiscent of the CBP-binding sequence found in nuclear receptor proteins. The adenovirus E1A protein, which also binds to the C/H3 domain of CBP, repressed the transcriptional activation activity of ORF50. The cellular protein c-Jun, which binds to the kinase-induced activation domain of ORF50, stimulated ORF50-mediated viral transcription. The HDAC1-interacting domain of ORF50 was shown to be a central proline-rich sequence. Our data provide a framework for delineating the regulatory mechanisms used by KSHV to modulate its transcription and replication through interaction with both histone acetyltransferases and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gwack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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Lee J, Hong H, Im J, Byun H, Kim D. The formation of PHF-1 and SMI-31 positive dystrophic neurites in rat hippocampus following acute injection of okadaic acid. Neurosci Lett 2000; 282:49-52. [PMID: 10713393 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites of Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau protein is hyperphosphorylated. In the present study, we provide evidence that acute injection of okadaic acid (1 mM, 0.5 microliter) into the dorsal hippocampus induces the formation of paired helical filament (PHF)-1, sternberger monoclonals incorporated (SMI)-31, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) positive dystrophic neurites in the lacunosum-molecular layer of CA1 and molecular layer of dentate gyrus. Okadaic acid evoked a marked loss of microtubule associated protein (MAP)-2 immunoreactivity. PHF-1 immunoreactive terminals were fine, and SMI-31 immunoreactive terminals appeared at granular terminals and at the ring-like or elongated dystrophic neurites. APP positive dystrophic neurites exhibited large bulb-like globular terminals. Interestingly, APP dystrophic neurites were co-localized with SMI-31 immunoreactivity in the core. APP immunoreactivity became stronger over 24 h even in vehicle injected area. These results may provide the morphological evidence for the animal model to study dystrophic neurites formation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 388-1 PoongNap-Dong, SongPa-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Previous reports describe the intraventricular, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal use of thrombolytic agents. However, the use of thrombolytic agents in the management of extraaxial hematomas has not been described. Following the evacuation of a subacute subdural hematoma, this 48-year-old woman experienced declining neurologic function due to the reaccumulation of blood in the subdural space. Urokinase was administered via a subdural drain. The patient experienced rapid clinical improvement and radiographic resolution of the recrudescent subdural hematoma. If repeat surgical evacuation of a subdural hematoma is not possible, urokinase may be instilled into the subdural space to enhance drainage of a subdural hematoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Arginteanu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Abstract
Prospective payment systems using the diagnostic related group (DRG) mechanism are being phased in for Medicare inpatient hospital care. The purpose of this study was to examine a common neurosurgical procedure (001), craniotomy without trauma, and characterize the cost dynamics of this DRG. All patients (n = 50) treated in this DRG at the Long Island Jewish Medical Center during 1983 had their financial charges exclusive of physician fees examined. The findings were: (a) each hospital service category had wide charge variances around the mean; (b) emergency (ER) admissions were 200% more expensive than nonemergency (non-ER) admissions; (c) ER admissions seemed to have no greater severity of illness than non-ER admissions, but had a significantly different referral pattern (i.e., admission from the ER to a nonneurosurgical service with a subsequent neurosurgical referral); (d) this DRG when grouped into clinical "subproducts" (i.e., craniotomy for tumor, hematoma, hydrocephalus, aneurysm, benign cyst, and other) showed marked charge differences; and (e) the most expensive 25% of patients had five times higher charges than the least expensive 25% for both ER and non-ER admissions. This type of financial analysis may give surgeons a methodology with which to address the problems of cost containment in a more serious manner.
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