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Rauf A, Subhani MN, Siddique M, Shahid H, Chattha MB, Alrefaei AF, Hasan Naqvi SA, Ali H, Lucas RS. Cultivating a greener future: Exploiting trichoderma derived secondary metabolites for fusarium wilt management in peas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29031. [PMID: 38601549 PMCID: PMC11004880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify efficient Trichoderma isolate(s) for the management of Fusarium wilt in peas. Four different pea germplasms (Sarsabz, Pea-09, Meteor and Supreme) were evaluated for resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay. Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%), whereas susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44-79%) and percent disease index (47-82%). The susceptible germplasm Meteor was selected for in vivo experiment. Five different Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma koningii, T. hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, and T. harzianum) were screened for the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes under in vitro. In-vitro biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. was assayed by percentage inhibition of dry mass of Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP) with Trichoderma spp. metabolite filtrate concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50-89%). T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass and were thus used for in vivo management of the disease. The pot experiment for in-vivo management also confirmed the maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers. Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%, and the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments. These strains demonstrate excellent bio-control of Fusarium wilt in pea via induction of defense-related enzymes. The present work will help use Trichoderma species in disease management programme as an effective biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Rauf
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Subhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maroof Siddique
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Habiba Shahid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Chattha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Sanchez Lucas
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Dalal I, Cristelli R, Shahid H, Patel AV. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Ectopic pancreas presented as a large paragastric mass. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:920. [PMID: 32128891 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Dalal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - R Cristelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Shahid
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - A V Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Shahid H, Khan M, Mumtaz Z, Roopika R. ASPERGILLOMA COMPLICATING METASTATIC CLEAR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA IN THE LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Shabir AD, Tahir AD, Sharief AW, Imtiyaz HD, Shahid H, Reyaz AD. Delayed Operative Management of Fractures of the Lateral Condyle of the Humerus in Children. Malays Orthop J 2015; 9:18-22. [PMID: 28435590 PMCID: PMC5349342 DOI: 10.5704/moj.1503.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Delayed presentation of lateral condylar fractures of the humerus is relatively common in the developing regions of the world. These fractures are difficult to manage because of the displacement and fibrosis around the condylar fragment secondary to the delay. There is a paucity of literature concerning the management of these fractures. An oft repeated finding is the requirement of extensive dissection around the fragment for proper reduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of surgical management of lateral condylar fractures with delayed presentation. Methods We assessed the results of lateral condylar fracture fixation in 20 cases with delayed presentation. Results The lateral condylar fractures in patients with a delayed presentation can be managed surgically with good results. Conclusions Open reduction and internal fixation should continue to be the method of choice for the management of lateral condylar fractures which report late for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Shabir
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - A D Tahir
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - A W Sharief
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - H D Imtiyaz
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - H Shahid
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - A D Reyaz
- SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Kashmir India
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Aqeel T, Shabbir A, Basharat H, Bukhari M, Mobin S, Shahid H, Waqar SA. Prevalence of Self-Medication among Urban and Rural Population of Islamabad, Pakistan. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Khaled AO, Irfan M, Baharudin A, Shahid H. Comparing the morbidity of external laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery with and without identifying the nerve using intraoperative neuromonitoring. Med J Malaysia 2012; 67:289-292. [PMID: 23082419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and determine the possibility of surgical trauma to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and to assess the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, randomized, controlled study in a teaching Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS Forty two patients of both genders, whom underwent thyroid surgery divided into two groups (21 patients control group and 21 patients study group) in HUSM and were randomly selected for our study. METHODS The use of nerve monitoring and proper surgical technique of upper thyroid pole dissection followed by its lateralization and exposure of cricothyroid space were performed in each subject in study group in order to preserve EBSLN after its identification. In control group upper thyroid vessels were ligated close to the upper thyroid pole without any effort of EBSLN identification. RESULTS Total of 42 (35 females and 7 males) patients who underwent thyroid surgery in a period of 2 years. Evaluation of all subjects 1 case in control group presented with symptoms of EBSLN injury. CONCLUSION Intraoperative identification and neuromonitoring can avoid injury to the EBSLN and prevent its sequential changes in voice especially for those who professionally depend to their voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Khaled
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Irfan M, Shahid H, Yusri MM, Venkatesh RN. Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma: a case report. Med J Malaysia 2011; 66:150-151. [PMID: 22106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Schwannoma in the head and neck region is very rare. The tumour occurring in the intraparotid facial nerve is even rarer. A patient presenting with a parotid swelling with facial nerve paralysis is not pathognomonic of a facial nerve schwannoma. However it may occur because enlargement of the parotid, by any kind of tumour especially a malignant one can cause facial nerve paralysis. We report a case of an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma, in a patient who presented with parotid enlargement and facial nerve paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Otorhinolaringology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Irfan M, Aliyu YA, Baharudin A, Shahid H. Harmonic scalpel for a bloodless partial glossectomy: a case report. Med J Malaysia 2011; 66:148-149. [PMID: 22106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tongue surgery is almost always complicated by intraoperative bleeding. Its rich blood supply especially from the lingual vessels makes the operative field bloody. Electrocautery has been widely used to replace cold scissors in order to achieve better hemostasis. The use of ultrasonic harmonic scalpel for glossectomy is still new in this country. We report a case of partial glossectomy using the harmonic scalpel in a patient who had a squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral border of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Irfan M, Jihan WS, Shahid H. Massive goiter with retrosternal extension encasing trachea and esophagus. Med J Malaysia 2010; 65:85-86. [PMID: 21265261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubation, tracheomalacia, and possibility of different incision and approach including sternotomy. We would like to report a case of massive goiter encasing major neck structures and how it was managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Manavi K, Zafar F, Shahid H. Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea: rate of co-infection with sexually transmitted infection, antibiotic susceptibility and treatment outcome. Int J STD AIDS 2010; 21:138-40. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the rate of co-infections with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), antibiotic susceptibility and management of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea diagnosed in a busy genitourinary medicine clinic. The method involved a retrospective study on consecutive patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. A total of 131 patients were diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea over the study period. The median age of the infected patients was 28 (interquartile range: 22 to 35) years. Forty-one (31%) of patients were younger than 24 years. High rates of co-infection with urethral gonorrhoea (37%), rectal gonorrhoea (37%) or chlamydial infection (16%) were identified. Thirty patients (23%) had only oropharyngeal infection. Twenty-two (17%) patients' isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance among oropharyngeal gonococcal isolates was above 5% between 2000 and 2009. Test-of-cure (TOC) was carried out for only 63 (48%) of patients; none had positive culture. Among 46 isolates treated with cefixime 400 mg/stat, 27 (59%) had TOC; all were negative. Repeat TOC was not carried out for any of the patients. In conclusion, successful management of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea should comprise of counselling, partner notification and TOC after treatment with appropriate antibiotic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manavi
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Whittall Street Clinic, Whittall Street, Birmingham B4 6DH, UK
| | - F Zafar
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Whittall Street Clinic, Whittall Street, Birmingham B4 6DH, UK
| | - H Shahid
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Whittall Street Clinic, Whittall Street, Birmingham B4 6DH, UK
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Irfan M, Shahid H, Baharudin A, Friedrich G. Unilateral adductor vocal cord palsy treated with the titanium vocal fold medializing implant (TVFMI). Med J Malaysia 2009; 64:89-90. [PMID: 19852333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vocal cord palsy secondary to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury may be attributable to trauma, infiltrating neoplasm, congenital cardiac anomaly and others. Regardless the causes, majority of unilateral adductor palsy cases are usually managed by speech rehabilitation in order to allow compensation. In selected cases, medialization procedure may be required to achieve a complete glottal closure during phonation. Multiple techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. This case report illustrates the recent advancement in vocal fold medialization procedure, which has not been widely practiced in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shahid
- Department of Ophthalmology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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13
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Pua KC, Khoo ASB, Yap YY, Subramaniam SK, Ong CA, Gopala Krishnan G, Shahid H. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Database. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl C:59-62. [PMID: 19230249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer which is common in Asia. We report the establishment and early results of a multi-institutional prospective study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which seeks to systematically collect data as well as blood and tumour tissue samples from patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer at six centres in Malaysia. A total of 484 confirmed NPC cases were reported from the six participating centres between 1st July 2007 and 29th February 2008. Of these, 225 were newly diagnosed cases, 53 were recurrent cases and 206 were in remission at the time of reporting. Amongst the newly diagnosed cases, the most common presenting symptom was the presence of neck lumps (42%). Ophthalmo-neurologic symptoms were the presenting symptoms of 11% of the new cases. The majority of cases (75%) presented at stage III/IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Pua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Penang, Malaysia
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Shahid H, Baharudin A, Halim AS, Biswal BM, Jihan WS. An extensive sinonasal osteosarcoma mimicking chondrosarcoma. Med J Malaysia 2007; 62:171-172. [PMID: 18705458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare tumour in the sinonasal region. Early diagnosis is essential for adequate management and better prognosis and this requires a meticulous histopathological examination. Reported is a case of osteosarcoma misdiagnosed as chondrosarcoma and treated by surgery followed by radiotherapy. However, appropriate diagnosis and pre-operative chemotherapy would have been significant in the prognosis. The pitfall of accurate diagnosis and the subsequent treatment is discussed in order to find the ways to maximize five years survival which is not more than 25% in this type of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shahid
- Department of ORL-HNS, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan
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Baharudin A, Sayuti RM, Shahid H. The Macklin effect--pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium following blunt chest trauma. Med J Malaysia 2006; 61:371-3. [PMID: 17240595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium following blunt chest trauma are rare. Diagnosis is by chest radiograph and CT Scan. They have to be identified and treated accordingly. Usually, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are self-limiting requiring no specific therapy. However, vigilance and a continuous monitoring of the vital signs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baharudin
- Department of ORL-HNS, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
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Baharudin A, Shahid H, Rhendra MZ. Laser tonsillotomy in children with tonsillar hyperplasia. Med J Malaysia 2006; 61:377-9. [PMID: 17240597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tonsillectomy in children is performed on a regular basis in ENT. The indications are chronic tonsillitis, sleep apnea to deeper structures. The natural history of tonsillar hyperplasia is regression when a child is six years beyond. In children with bilateral tonsillar hyperplasia we studied the use of laser as an alternative procedure to reduce the bulk of the tonsillar mass. Children with symptoms of bilateral tonsillar hyperplasia underwent laser tonsillotomy. The tonsils were dissected using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. The tonsillar bed was left untouched. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baharudin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Philip R, Imran AGA, Dinsuhaimi S, Shahid H. Ingestion of a voice-master prosthesis followed by a potentially fatal aspiration. Med J Malaysia 2006; 61:233-5. [PMID: 16898319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various complications are associated with the use of indwelling voice prostheses. We present problems faced by a patient with his Voice-Master prosthesis, the ingestion of the prosthesis followed by a potentially fatal aspiration. The Voice-Master is unique in that in can be re-inserted. The safety strap is removed after primary insertion once the prosthesis is secure. However, during re-insertions this safety mechanism is no longer present. Therefore we recommend the placement of a temporary stitch or tie to minimize the risks of ingestion or aspiration of the prosthesis during re-insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Philip
- Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
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Abstract
Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are the second commonest sight threatening vascular disorder. Despite its frequency treatments for RVO are unsatisfactory and include several that have not been tested by large, well designed, prospective, randomised controlled trials. There is also the lack of long term follow up in many of the available small uncontrolled studies, and the timings of interventions are haphazard. This review aims to evaluate the current knowledge relating to the pathogenesis, suggested treatments for the different types of RVO, and their complications. Isovolaemic haemodilution is of limited benefit and should be avoided in patients with concurrent cardiovascular, renal, or pulmonary morbidity. Evidence to date does not support any therapeutic benefit from radial optic neurotomy, optic nerve decompression, or arteriovenous crossing sheathotomy on its own. Vitrectomy combined with intravenous thrombolysis may offer promise for central RVO. Similarly, vitrectomy combined with arteriovenous sheathotomy intravenous tissue plasminogen activator may offer benefits for branch RVO. RVOs occur at significantly high frequency to allow future prospective randomised controlled studies to be conducted to evaluate the role of different therapeutic modalities singly or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shahid
- Prince Charles Eye Unit, King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor, UK
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Khairi MDM, Din S, Shahid H, Normastura AR. Hearing screening of infants in Neonatal Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. J Laryngol Otol 2006; 119:678-83. [PMID: 16156907 DOI: 10.1258/0022215054798014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective study was to report on the prevalence of hearing impairment in the neonatal unit population. From 15 February 2000 to 15 March 2000 and from 15 February 2001 to 15 May 2001, 401 neonates were screened using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) followed by second-stage screening of those infants who failed the initial test. Eight (2 per cent) infants failed one ear and 23 (5.74 per cent) infants failed both ears, adding up to 7.74 per cent planned for second-stage screening. Five out of 22 infants who came for the follow up failed the screening, resulting in a prevalence of hearing impairment of 1 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.0–2.0). Craniofacial malformations, very low birth weight, ototoxic medication, stigmata/syndromes associated with hearing loss and hyperbilirubinaemia at the level of exchange tranfusion were identified to be independent significant risk factors for hearing impairment, while poor Apgar scores and mechanical ventilation of more than five days were not. In conclusion, hearing screening in high-risk neonates revealed a total of 1 per cent with hearing loss. The changes in the risk profile indicate improved perinatal handling in a neonatal population at risk for hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mohd Khairi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Khan JC, Shahid H, Thurlby DA, Bradley M, Clayton DG, Moore AT, Bird AC, Yates JRW. Age related macular degeneration and sun exposure, iris colour, and skin sensitivity to sunlight. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:29-32. [PMID: 16361662 PMCID: PMC1856929 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.073825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM It has been suggested that sun exposure may be a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (AMD) and that skin sensitivity to sunlight and iris colour could be confounding factors. The aim was to investigate this further in the white population. METHODS 446 cases with end stage AMD were compared with 283 spouse controls. Data on sun exposure, places of residence, iris colour, subjective assessment of change in iris colour, hair colour at age 20, and skin sensitivity were obtained using a questionnaire. Iris colour was graded clinically by comparison with standard photographs. AMD was graded using stereoscopic colour fundus photographs as well as clinical examination and was defined as the presence of geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularisation. All variables were included in a multiple logistic regression model including age, sex, and smoking. RESULTS There was no association between AMD and sun exposure or related factors except for the suggestion of an association between sunburn prone skin type and geographic atrophy which reached borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS No significant association between AMD and sun exposure, iris colour, change in iris colour, or hair colour was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Khan JC, Thurlby DA, Shahid H, Clayton DG, Yates JRW, Bradley M, Moore AT, Bird AC. Smoking and age related macular degeneration: the number of pack years of cigarette smoking is a major determinant of risk for both geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:75-80. [PMID: 16361672 PMCID: PMC1856879 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.073643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is evidence that smoking is a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (AMD). However, not all studies have demonstrated this association and several key questions about the role of smoking in AMD have still to be determined. The aim of this study was to further investigate this relation for both choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS To investigate the relation between smoking and the risk of developing age related macular degeneration (AMD) in white people, 435 cases with end stage AMD were compared with 280 controls. All subjects had graded stereoscopic colour fundus photography and AMD was defined as the presence of GA or CNV. Smoking history was assessed using multiple parameters in a detailed questionnaire. RESULTS Comparison of current and former smokers with non-smokers was consistent with smoking being a risk factor for AMD but did not reach statistical significance. There was a strong association between AMD and pack years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.002), the odds ratio increasing with the amount smoked; for subjects with more than 40 pack years of smoking the odds ratio was 2.75 (95% CI 1.22 to 6.20) compared with non-smokers. Both types of AMD showed a similar relation; smoking more than 40 pack years of cigarettes was associated with an odds ratio of 3.43 (95% CI 1.28 to 9.20) for GA and 2.49 (95% CI 1.06 to 5.82) for CNV. Stopping smoking was associated with reduced odds of AMD and the risk in those who had not smoked for over 20 years was comparable to non-smokers. The risk profile was similar for males and females. Passive smoking exposure was associated with an increased risk of AMD (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.40) in non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The authors have demonstrated a strong association between the risk of both GA and CNV and pack years of cigarette smoking. This provides support for a causal relation between smoking and AMD. They also show an increased risk for AMD in non-smokers exposed to passive smoking. Stopping smoking appears to reduce the risk of developing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Zeevi A, Girnita A, Spichty K, Shahid H, Zaldonis D, Britz J, Kowalski R, Woodcock J, Post D, McCurry K. Measuring the impact of infection on T cell immunity in lung transplant recipients treated with a T cell depletion protocol. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zeevi A, Girnita A, Spichty K, Shahid H, Zaldonis D, Britz J, Post D, Kowalski R. Measurement of immune function in lung transplant recipients using the Cylex ImmuKnow Assay. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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