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Büyükturan Ö, Kaya MH, Alkan H, Büyükturan B, Erbahçeci F. Comparison of the efficacy of Schroth and Lyon exercise treatment techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled, assessor and statistician blinded study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 72:102952. [PMID: 38631273 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common vertebral disorder in adolescence. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Schroth and Lyon exercise methods on Cobb angle (CA), angle of trunk rotation (ATR), quality of life (QoL), and perceived trunk appearance in patients with AIS. METHODS The 31 participants diagnosed (diagnosis age = 12.2 ± 0.9) with AIS by a physician following the Lenke criteria and subsequently referred to the outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. All participants were randomly assigned between the Schroth group (SG) and Lyon group (LG) for 6 months of supervised and home treatment. The participants' CA, ATR, Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22), and Walter-Reed Visual Assessment Scale (WRVAS) were assessed as a baseline, and again following the treatment by the same researcher who remained blinded to the study. RESULTS In 2-way mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA analysis, when the change in time was analyzed between the groups (Group × Time [interaction]), a statistical difference was found more significant in SG for the CA-thoracic (F = 103.1, p < .01, 95% CI = 4.1; 2.0 to 6.2), CA-lumbar (F = 19.1, p < .01, 95% CI = 1.7; 1.0 to 2.4), ATR (F = 64.1, p < .01, 95% CI = 1.7; 1.2 to 2.3), and WRVAS (F = 169.5, p < .01, 95% CI = 6.5; 3.2 to 9.9) parameters. The LG was only more significantly improved in the SRS-22 total score (F = 15.7, p < .01, 95% CI = -0.9; -0.2 to -1.6). CONCLUSION In the study, The Schroth exercises gave more favorable results than Lyon exercises in terms of CA-T, CA-L, ATR and WRVAS in the conservative treatment of AIS, while Lyon exercises gave more favorable results in terms of QoL. Additionally, according to the results of this study, it was found that the QoL of participants in SG decreased after treatment compared to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Büyükturan
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Turkiye
| | | | - Halil Alkan
- Muş Alpaslan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş, Turkiye
| | - Buket Büyükturan
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Turkiye
| | - Fatih Erbahçeci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkiye
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Yetiş M, Kocaman H, Canli M, Alkan H, Yildirim H, Yildiz NT, Kuzu Ş. Validity and reliability of the Modified Four Square Step Test in individuals with ankle sprain. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:182. [PMID: 38491530 PMCID: PMC10941393 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability and gait abnormalities are frequently observed after an ankle sprain. A modified Four Square Step Test (mFSST) was developed to assess dynamic balance during gait. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the mFSST in individuals with ankle sprains. METHODS The study included 39 individuals with grade 1 and 2 ankle sprains with a mean age of 30.36 ± 6.21 years. The dynamic balance of the participants was assessed with the mFSST and Timed Up & Go test (TUG). To determine the test-retest reliability of the mFSST, the test was repeated approximately 1 h apart. RESULTS The test-retest reliability of the mFSST was excellent (ICC = 0.85). Furthermore, when the concurrent validity of the mFSST was examined, a high correlation was found between with the TUG (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The mFSST is a valid and reliable clinical assessment method for evaluating dynamic balance during walking in individuals with ankle sprains. We think that the mFSST is preferable in clinical evaluations because its platform is easy to prepare and requires very little equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yetiş
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirşehir Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Kocaman
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canli
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kirşehir Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey.
| | - Halil Alkan
- Deparment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yildirim
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Kamil Özdağ Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Nazim Tolgahan Yildiz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Şafak Kuzu
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kirşehir Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
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Bingölbali Ö, Taşkaya C, Alkan H, Altındağ Ö. The effectiveness of deep tissue massage on pain, trigger point, disability, range of motion and quality of life in individuals with myofascial pain syndrome. Somatosens Mot Res 2024; 41:11-17. [PMID: 36645811 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2165054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the effect of deep tissue massage (DTM) on the myofascial trigger point (MTrP) number, neck range of motion (ROM), pain, disability and quality of life in patients with Myofacial pain syndrome (MPS). METHODS The study involved patients with MPS between the ages of 20-57. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 40) and the study group (n = 40). Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (TENS), hotpack and ultrasound were applied to 40 patients in the control group. The study group was also administered DTM for 12 sessions in addition to TENS, hotpack and ultrasound applications. Neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) for a neck disability, universal goniometer for neck ROM, MTrP count using manual palpation, Short Form 36 (SF-36) for quality of life and severity of neck pain were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). All patients were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS It was found that the DTM group has statistically more improvement than the control group for VAS, NPDS and SF-36. Moreover, although there was a significant improvement in favour of the study group for extension, lateral flexion, right rotation and left rotation in the neck ROM, there was no significant difference in flexion measurements between the study and control group. CONCLUSION In addition to the traditional rehabilitation program, DTM is effective on neck ROM, pain, disability and quality of life. Therefore, DTM treatment is a safe and inexpensive treatment method that can be applied in patients with MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Bingölbali
- Department of Health Care Services, Health Services Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Taşkaya
- Department of Health Care Services, Health Services Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altındağ
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Gaziantep, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Kocaman H, Canlı M, Alkan H, Yıldırım H, Yıldız NT. The Reliability and Validity of the Modified Four Square Step Test in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1819-1825. [PMID: 37881277 PMCID: PMC10593669 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The modified four square step test (mFSST) is frequently used in the evaluation of dynamic balance in individuals with balance problems. However, the reliability of the mFSST has not been examined in individuals undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the mFSST in individuals undergoing ACLR surgery. Methods Forty-eight patients who had ACLR surgery were included in this study. Patients performed a total of four mFSSTs, two times each, by two different raters over seven days. Results In the current study, the mFSST demonstrated excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient for mFSST was 0.92. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change for mFSST were 0.15 and 0.41, respectively. Conclusion The mFSST has excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability in patients with ACLR. It is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating dynamic balance in patients with ACLR. We think that mFSST, which is a clinical evaluation test, can be preferred because it is easy to score and does not require special equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Kocaman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canlı
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yıldırım
- Faculty of Kamil Özdağ Science, Department of Mathematics, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Nazım Tolgahan Yıldız
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Kocaman H, Alkan H, Yetİş M, Canli M, Kuzu Ş, Özüdoğru A. Five-times sit-to-stand test following anterior cruciate ligament surgery: a cross-sectional reliability study. Malawi Med J 2023; 35:177-182. [PMID: 38362290 PMCID: PMC10865063 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v35i3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) should periodically have their muscle strength assessed. The five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) can evaluate the muscle strength and balance of the lower extremities. This study's primary purpose was to assess the validity and reliability of the FTSST in patients who have undergone ACL-R. Material and Methods Forty-three people who had undergone ACL-R surgery were included in the study. The study's primary outcome measure, the FTSST, was assessed by two different investigators. Secondary outcome measures were body balance, quadriceps muscle strength, Tegner activity score (TAS), and Lysholm score. Results The FTSST's test-retest and inter-rater reliability were both high (ICC: 0.99). The FTSST also showed a strong statistically significant correlation with all secondary outcome measures, including balance, quadriceps muscle strength, TAS, and Lysholm score (p<0.05). Conclusions According to the study results, the FTSST is a tool-free, simple method for assessing muscle strength and the body balance level, mobility level, and functional status of the knee in patients who have undergone ACL-R surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Kocaman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yetİş
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canli
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Şafak Kuzu
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Anıl Özüdoğru
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Özüdoğru A, Canlı M, Kuzu Ş, Aslan M, Ceylan İ, Alkan H. Muscle strength, balance and upper extremity function are not predictors of cervical proprioception in healthy young subjects. Somatosens Mot Res 2023; 40:78-82. [PMID: 36877602 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2183832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between cervical proprioception sense and balance, hand grip strength, cervical region muscle strength and upper extremity functionality in healthy young subjects.Methods: A total of 200 people with a mean age of 20.8 ± 1.8 participated in the study. Cervical proprioception sense of the participants was evaluated with Cervical Joint Position Error Test (CJPET), balance with Biodex Stability System, hand grip strength with hand dynamometer, and upper extremity functionality with Perdue Pegboard test. The relationship of variables with cervical proprioception was evaluated with Pearson Correlation analysis.Results: According to this study results, there was no significant relationship between CJPET (extension, left rotation, right rotation) and sub-parameters of dynamic balance (anteroposterior, mediolateral, overall), cervical muscle strength and hand grip strength (p > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between CJPET flexion and static balance variables (p < 0.05).Conclusion: According to this study, there is no relationship between cervical proprioception and balance, hand grip muscle strength, cervical region muscle strength and upper extremity functionality in healthy young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl Özüdoğru
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canlı
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Şafak Kuzu
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Mensure Aslan
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ceylan
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Çizmeci SÜ, Dinç AD, Güler M, Alkan H, Kıvrak MB, Takcı A, Çiftçi MF, Yeşilkaya ÖF, Bulut P, Bulut S, Zhunushova A. Effects of FSH Administered in Different ways on Superovulation Response and Blood FSH Levels in Cows. J HELL VET MED SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bu çalışmada adjuvan kullanılarak tek doz Subkutan (SC) FSH uygulamasının ve adjuvan kullanılmadan tek doz epidural FSH uygulamasının kan FSH düzeyleri ve süperovülasyon yanıtı üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Holştayn inekler (n:18) süperovülasyon prosedürü için üç gruba ayrıldı (n = 6). Gruptaki (İM) hayvanlara 4 gün süreyle 12 saat arayla İntramusculer (IM) azaltıcı FSH (Stimufol, 500 μg domuz FSH ve 100 μg domuz LH, Ulg FMV, Liège, Belçika) dozları verildi. (E) grubundaki hayvanlara epidural aralığa FSH (500 µg) verildi. (SC) grubundaki hayvanlara, 10 mL Montanide ISA 206 adjuvanı içinde FSH eklenerek hazırlanan bir karışım Subkutan (SC) ile uygulandı. Overdeki CL sayısı ultrasonografik yöntemle ölçüldü ve 4 CL varlığına göre süperovülasyon belirlendi. FSH ölçümü için tüm hayvanlardan V. jugularis'ten kan örnekleri alındı. Serum FSH (pFSH) seviyeleri ELISA ile belirlendi. Grup 1'deki tüm hayvanlar, süperovülasyon prosedüründen sonra süperovülasyon tepkisine (4>CL) sahipti. 2. grupta sadece bir hayvan yanıt verdi. Grup 3'te, altı hayvandan dördü yanıt verdi. Kan örneklerinin FSH analizinden sonra, IM ve SC uygulamaları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemsiz iken, IM ve epidural uygulamalar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. SC ve epidural uygulamalar arasındaki fark önemsizdi.
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Bingol H, Kerem Gunel M, Alkan H. The Efficacy of Two Models of Intensive Upper Limb Training on Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Mainstreamed in Regular Schools: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:10-25. [PMID: 34743663 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1999355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of reduced upper limb function and poorer quality of life than their typically developing peers. Although upper limb impairments have potential negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with hemiplegic CP, the efficacy of upper limb rehabilitation approaches aiming to improve upper limb impairments on HRQOL has not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE This study compares the efficacy of two modes of activity-based upper limb rehabilitation (modified constraint-induced movement therapy [mCIMT] and bimanual training [BIM]) on HRQOL outcomes in children with hemiplegic CP mainstreamed in regular schools. METHODS Thirty children with hemiplegic CP aged between 7 and 11 years (mean age 8.53 ± 1.54 years) who had functional ability levels of I-III according to the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) were randomly assigned to receive mCIMT or BIM training. Result: Both mCIMT and BIM yielded statistically significant improvements in all HRQOL domains immediately after the 10-week interventions (P < .001), which were retained at 16 weeks. CONCLUSION While there were some differences in the intervention effects, both of these upper limb rehabilitation approaches based on intensive unimanual or bimanual activity may be beneficial for improving perceived life satisfaction related to physical activity, general mood, family, friends, and school among children with hemiplegic CP mainstreamed in regular schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bingol
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Health Services, Mus Alparslan University, 49250-Güzeltepe/Mus, Turkey.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100-Samanpazarı/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem Gunel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100-Samanpazarı/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, 06100-Samanpazarı/Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49250-Güzeltepe/Mus, Turkey
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Özüdoğru A, Canlı M, Gürses ÖA, Alkan H, Yetiş A. Determination of five times-sit-to-stand test performance in patients with multiple sclerosis: validity and reliability. Somatosens Mot Res 2022; 40:72-77. [PMID: 36524614 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2022.2157395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Although Five Times-Sit-To-Stand test (FTSST) performance is known to be a valid and reliable method in people with chronic stroke, Parkinson's disease, and balance disorder, it has not been widely studied in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). The main aim of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of the FTSST in patients with MS. METHODS The first outcome measure of the study was the FTSST, which was conducted by two different researchers. Secondary outcome measures were Biodex Stability System (BSS), 10-meter walk test, time up go test (TUG), EDSS scoring, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Barthel Index, Quadriceps Muscle strength test, Functional Reach test. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for the validity and reliability of the FTSST, which was made by two different researchers, and Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine its relationship with other measurements. RESULTS Interrater and test-retest reliability for the FTSST were excellent (Intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively). A statistically significant correlation was found between all secondary outcome measures and FTSST (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION FTSST is considered to be a valid, reliable, easy, and rapid method for evaluating lower extremity muscle strength and balance in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl Özüdoğru
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canlı
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Alperen Gürses
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Halil Alkan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Aysu Yetiş
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Alkan H, Yenişehir S. Investigation of Factors Associated With Pain Intensity in Office Workers With Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Pain Manag Nurs 2022; 23:819-825. [PMID: 35487875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is an important health problem causing serious physical, psychological, and economic losses in developed and developing countries. AIM The aim of this study is to investigate comprehensively the factors related to the intensity of pain in office workers with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). METHODS The study included 71 university office workers with NSLBP, aged 21-55 years. In addition to evaluating the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of office workers with NSLBP, visual analog scale (VAS), Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) outcome measurements were applied. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association between the intensity of pain and TUG test (p = .000), job satisfaction (p = .015), percentages of disability (p = .000), quality of life (role difficulty due to physical limitation, p = .010; pain, p = .000; social the function, p = .044), and depression (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS While the functional performance, job satisfaction level, and quality of life in office workers with NSLBP with severe-intensity pain were lower, level of disability, depression were higher in office workers with NSLBP with mild-to-moderate-intensity pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Alkan
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş, Turkey.
| | - Semiha Yenişehir
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş, Turkey
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Kaya MH, Erbahçeci F, Alkan H, Kocaman H, Büyükturan B, Canlı M, Büyükturan Ö. Factors influencing of quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2022; 62:102628. [PMID: 35872563 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the lateral and horizontal deformity of the vertebral column which occurs idiopathically during adolescence. The aim of this study is to identify independent predictors of quality of life in AIS patients. METHODS In total, 31 adolescent patients diagnosed with AIS aged between 10 and 18 years old were included in the study. The scoliosis severity was determined for each patient according to the Cobb method, and their scoliosis perception using the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale, a pain assessment was conducted based on the Visual Analog Scale, quality of life using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, and depression level according to the Children's Depression Scale. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was then performed in order to determine the independent determinants of health-related quality of life. FINDINGS According to the Linear Regression analysis results, children's depression scale, walter reed visual assessment scale, cobb, and anterior trunk rotation explained 52.7% of the variance as independent determinants of SRS-22. INTERPRETATION The study examined the determinants affecting the quality of life in AIS patients. The results of the study showed that scoliosis severity, perception of cosmetic deformity, degree of rotation, and depression level to be predictors of quality of life in AIS patients. "This trail registered with NCT05242601."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Erbahçeci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Halil Alkan
- Muş Alpaslan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Muş, Turkiye
| | - Hikmet Kocaman
- Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Karaman, Turkiye
| | - Buket Büyükturan
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Canlı
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Turkiye
| | - Öznur Büyükturan
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir, Turkiye
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Alkan H, Ciftci MF, Yesilkaya ÖF, Karakas Alkan K, Satilmis F, Tekindal MA, Erdem H. Relationship of serum adiponectin and IGF-I concentrations with progesterone and their effect on pregnancy rates in cows. J HELL VET MED SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.27005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine serum adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in early and late luteal phases following artificial insemination, to evaluate their relationship with progesterone concentrations, and to detect their effects on the pregnancy rate. We used 45 Holstein cows aged 3–4 years who had given birth at least once and who did not have any problem in the genital system as observed on rectal palpation/ultrasonography examination. Presynch–ovsynch synchronization protocol was applied on cows. Blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of progesterone, adiponectin, and IGF-I on days 5 and 18 following artificial insemination. Pregnancy examination using real-time ultrasonography was performed on day 30 following artificial insemination. Fifteen (33.33%) of the 45 cows were determined as pregnant. The pregnancy rates were increased with increasing progesterone concentration on day 5 following artificial insemination, and the pregnancy rates were the highest (53.84%) among the cows with progesterone concentration of >2.00 ng/mL. Adiponectin and IGF-I concentrations were determined as 26.69±11.84 vs 24.14±9.19 and 17.52±4.19 vs 17.42±2.92, on days 5 and 18 after artificial insemination, respectively (P>0.05). Negative correlation was observed between adiponectin and progesterone concentrations (P<0.05), whereas positive correlation was observed between IGF-I and progesterone on day 5 following artificial insemination (P<0.05). Progesterone and IGF-I concentrations in pregnant cows were higher than in nonpregnant cows on days 5 and 18 following artificial insemination (P<0.05). In conclusion, the progesterone and IGF-I concentrations in early and late luteal phase following artificial insemination had a positive effect on the pregnancy rate. However, although early adiponectin concentration affected progesterone concentrations, it did not affect the pregnancy rate.
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Alkan H, Mutlu A, Haliloğlu G. Developmental parameters and physical fitness in preschool children with Minor Neurological Dysfunction. Turk J Pediatr 2021; 63:584-593. [PMID: 34449140 DOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preschool years constitute a critical period during which significant changes are experienced in the acquisition of locomotor skills due to maturation of the nervous system. Our aim was to investigate the developmental parameters and physical fitness in preschool children with Minor Neurological Dysfunction (MND). METHODS The study was carried out in 212 preschool children without any known health problems. Sociodemographic characteristics of children were recorded. Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) II, Touwen Neurological Examination, and Preschool Physical Fitness (PREFIT) test battery were used to assess developmental parameters, neurological status, and physical fitness, respectively. RESULTS There was a statistical difference in the physical fitness and developmental parameters in preschool children with MND compared with healthy peers (p < 0.05). There was also a relationship between physical fitness and developmental parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early identification of problems in developmental parameters and physical fitness in preschool children with MND might help to implement early supportive physiotherapy and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akmer Mutlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara
| | - Göknur Haliloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Yesilkaya OF, Ciftci MF, Satilmis F, Parlak K, Alkan H, Erdem H. Vaginal prolapse complicated with urinary bladder retroflexion and colonic herniation in a dog. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v89i5.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A four-year-old, intact, female Anatolian Shepherd dog was presented with a three-day vaginal prolapse and anuria. She was lethargic, dehydrated, tachycardic, and blood analysis showed leukocytosis and azotemia. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated that the urinary bladder was located in the prolapsed vaginal tissue. Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis was performed to empty the obstructed bladder and intravenous fluid therapy was instituted. When the dog was deemed cardiovascularly stable, a caudal midline celiotomy incision was made. Through gentle retraction of the uterus, the colon descendens and the bladder were placed back to their normal positions. After resolution of the cervical invagination, the cervix was pexied to the abdominal wall to prevent recurrence and ovariohysterectomy was performed. The dog made an uneventful recovery and had normal urination at the one month follow-up. Chronic vaginal prolapse can be complicated by a retroflexed urinary bladder with urethral obstruction leading to life-threatening azotemia. Ultrasonography of the prolapsed tissues contributes greatly to early diagnosis of complicated cases.
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Alkan H, Kivrak MB, Satilmis F, Tekindal MA, Dinc DA. Detection of twin pregnancies in ewes by pregnancy-associated glycoprotein assay and transabdominal ultrasonography. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106399. [PMID: 32380310 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and compare the accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) assay in the diagnosis of twin pregnancies in ewes and to evaluate the utility of the PAG assay for predicting fetal gender in singleton pregnancies. The animals in the study consisted of 179 pregnant ewes. The number of fetuses in the ewe was determined using transabdominal ultrasonography between days 40 and 60 (on days 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60). Blood samples were collected from all the ewes on the same day to determine the PAG concentrations. The results found were highly sensitive for the detection of twin pregnancies by transabdominal ultrasonography. The accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in detecting twin pregnancies was found to be higher on day 60 than on other days (P < 0.05). The sensitivities of PAG assay in detecting twin pregnancies on days 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 were 91.67%, 66.67%, 81.82%, 88.89%, and 33.33%, respectively. The accuracies of the PAG assay in detecting twin pregnancies on days 40, 45, and 50 were found to be statistically significant higher than other days (P < 0.05). The PAG assay had low sensitivity and specificity for predicting fetal gender. It was concluded that twin pregnancies in ewes can be diagnosed with high accuracy using transabdominal ultrasonography on day 60 of pregnancy and as well as using the PAG assay during the early days of pregnancy (on days 40, 45, and 50). The PAG assay is not useful for predicting fetal gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - M B Kivrak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - F Satilmis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - M A Tekindal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - D A Dinc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Mutlu A, Alkan H, Fırat T, Karaduman AA, Yilmaz OT. How do physical capacity, fatigue and performance differ in children with duchenne muscular dystrophy compared with their healthy peers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:39-45. [PMID: 29455220 PMCID: PMC6751917 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2018.1.20170242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the fatigue levels and energy expenditure of children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) at different functional levels with healthy children. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Unit of Pediatric Neuromuscular Diseases in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Hacettepe University between March 2015 and January 2016. Fifty two children diagnosed with DMD in Level I-III according to the Brooke Functional Classification Scale and 17 healthy children were included in the study. The Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Northstar Ambulatory Assessment Scale (NSAA), Physiological Cost Index (PCI), and Timed performance tests were used to assess the children. Results: Comparison in terms of PCI indicated a difference between Levels 2 and 3, and Levels 1 and 3 (p<0.0083). A difference was found in ascending and descending 4 stairs after 6MWT when fatigue after activity was evaluated. Conclusion: The walking distances, fatigue levels and energy expenditure of DMD patients were higher than the healthy peers. This difference was more prominent with decreasing functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmer Mutlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
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Mutlu A, Kara ÖK, Livanelioğlu A, Karahan S, Alkan H, Yardımcı BN, Hidecker MJC. Agreement between parents and clinicians on the communication function levels and relationship of classification systems of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Health J 2018; 11:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Alkan H, Mutlu A, Fırat T, Bulut N, Karaduman AA, Yılmaz ÖT. Effects of functional level on balance in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:635-638. [PMID: 28259452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was planned to compare the static and dynamic balance in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) at different functional levels with each other and with healthy peers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty nine children between the ages of 6 and 11 were included in this study where 52 of them were diagnosed with DMD in Level I (18 patients), Level II (17 patients), and Level III (17 patients) according to Brooke Functional Classification Scale and 17 of them healthy peers were included. In order to assess static and dynamic balance pediatric functional reach test (PFRT) and timed up and go test (TUGT) were used. RESULTS When compared in terms of the TUGT, differences were found between all groups, i.e. Level 1 and 2, Level 2 and 3, Level 1 and 3, Healthy peers and Level 1, Healthy peers and Level 2, and Healthy peers and Level 3 (p < 0.0083). When compared in terms of the PFRT in the standing positions, there was difference between level 3 and healthy peers (p < 0.0083), but not between the other groups. CONCLUSIONS We found poor functional level in DMD to affect the dynamic and static balance parameters in this study. The dynamic balance of a child with DMD at Level 3 is decreased to a third of a healthy peer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Alkan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Akmer Mutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tüzün Fırat
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Numan Bulut
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Ayşe Karaduman
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Öznur Tunca Yılmaz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
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Alkan H, Bulut N, Bozdemir Özel C, Öncel I, Yılmaz O, Karaduman A, Topaloğlu H. Kinesiophobia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Perspective of parents and physiotherapists. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yıldız N, Alkan H, Sarsan A, Alkan S. The effects of repeated filling cystometries on cystometric variables in spinal cord-injured patients with overactive detrusor, who utilize different type of urine drainage methods. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:625-9. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karakas K, Alkan H, Onur G, Ozen D, Kaymaz M, Izgur H. 154 EVALUATION OF EMBRYO RECOVERY RATE AND EMBRYO TRANSFER IN ANGORA GOATS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the embryo recovery rate in Angora goats based on application timing; at the beginning (September – October; Group 1) and end (December; Group 2) of the breeding season and to evaluate the viability and survivability of fresh or vitrified-thawed embryos when transferred. For this purpose, nine Angora goats were used as donors and thirthy Angora goats were used as recipients. Donor goats were synchronized and superovulated with traditional protocol and were mated with fertile bucks. At the 156th hour of the mating, embryos were collected surgically and evaluated under a stereo microscope. In group 1, 103 embryos and in group 2, 63 embryos were collected from nine goats. Fresh or vitrified-thawed embryos were transferred surgically to synchronized recipients. In Group 1 fresh/thawed embryos were transferred to 15/15 goats and in group 2, fresh/thawed embryos were transferred to 8/8 goats, respectively. Each recipient received 1 or 2 embryos ipsilateral to the ovary containing one or more corpora lutea. On day 30 of the transfer, goats were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, pregnancy rates of fresh/thawed embryos were 66.6%/26.6% for group 1 and 62.5%/62.5% for group 2. On day 100 of the transfer, goats were examined again by ultrasonography, and pregnancy rates were 46.6%/0% for group 1 and 37.5%/0% for group 2, respectively. After about 50 days, goats were kidded. In group 1, 3 twins and 4 single kids were born; in group 2, 2 twins were born. The total number of collected embryos and pregnancy rates among the groups were analysed using SPSS® (version 14.01, Chicago, IL, USA) and for all comparisons, differences were considered with a minimum of 5% significance level. After statistical analyses, the numbers of collected embryos at the beginning and at the end of the breeding season were compared. There was no difference in freezable/transferable embryo quality. As a result, embryos could be collected after superovulation protocols in Angora goats both at beginning and end of the breeding season, however there might be a decrease in numbers of collected embryos and the reasons for this might not be only the seasonal factors but also the environment, care, nutrition and previous superovulation protocols. The pregnancy rate following transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory but not all does confirmed pregnant kidded; hence, reducing the number of recipients kidding. The pregnancy rate following transfer of vitrified-thawed embryos was generally low and unsatisfactory. Further research is warrented in improving the cryopreservation techniques and thus the embryo survival rate of Angora goat embryos.
This study was financed with the University of Ankara Grant.
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Abstract
Quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) studies showed that vesicles can spontaneously form from sodium glycocholate-egg phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles upon dilution with physiological saline buffer (pH 7.5). A water-soluble drug, cytosine arabinoside, did not affect the transition pattern. Transitions were also obtained when dilutions were performed using diluted serum solutions (5% and 10% serum in buffer). However, if intermicellar bile salt monomer concentration (imc) was kept constant in diluent media, the transition was completely suppressed. Approximately 10% of the cytosine arabinoside was trapped inside vesicles which were formed in buffer, although this value decreased to approx. 2.5% when diluted serum was used. These results suggest that the mixed micelle to vesicle transition can be an alternative means to sonication in loading drugs into in vitro vesicles. A good correlation was found between the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diameter and the mean hydrodynamic diameter obtained by QELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Son
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612
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Hjelm RP, Thiyagarajan P, Alkan H. A small-angle neutron scattering study of the effects of dilution on particle morphology in mixtures of glycocholate and lecithin. J Appl Crystallogr 1988. [DOI: 10.1107/s002188988800531x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Two groups of albino rabbits received an intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated trifluorothymidine. One group underwent a clearance study using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of this study demonstrated a prolonged vitreal drug level within the range of ID50 for many strains of herpesvirus and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) at 28 days after injection. The eyes of another group were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative indirect ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and histologic examination. No retinal toxicity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago
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Abstract
The authors determined the intravitreal clearance of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir. Liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir (84.1 micrograms/0.1 ml) was injected into the vitreous cavity of New Zealand rabbits, which were killed at 24 hours and 7, 14, and 28 days after injection. Total ganciclovir concentrations in the vitreous, up to 28 days, were higher than ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) for different clinical and laboratory strains of viruses belonging to the herpes simplex family.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Peyman
- LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112
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