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Chong I, Ramezanpour H, Thier P. Causal Manipulation of Gaze-Following in the Macaque Temporal Cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 226:102466. [PMID: 37211234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gaze-following, the ability to shift one's own attention to places or objects others are looking at, is essential for social interactions. Single unit recordings from the monkey cortex and neuroimaging work on the human and monkey brain suggest that a distinct region in the temporal cortex, the gaze-following patch (GFP), underpins this ability. Since previous studies of the GFP have relied on correlational techniques, it remains unclear whether gaze-following related activity in the GFP indicates a causal role rather than being just a reverberation of behaviorally relevant information produced elsewhere. To answer this question, we applied focal electrical and pharmacological perturbation to the GFP. Both approaches, when applied to the GFP, disrupted gaze-following if the monkeys had been instructed to follow gaze, along with the ability to suppress it if vetoed by the context. Hence the GFP is necessary for gaze-following as well as its cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Chong
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Thier
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Breu MS, Ramezanpour H, Dicke PW, Thier P. A frontoparietal network for volitional control of gaze following. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1723-1735. [PMID: 36967647 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Gaze following is a major element of non-verbal communication and important for successful social interactions. Human gaze following is a fast and almost reflex-like behaviour, yet it can be volitionally controlled and suppressed to some extent if inappropriate or unnecessary, given the social context. In order to identify the neural basis of the cognitive control of gaze following, we carried out an event-related fMRI experiment, in which human subjects' eye movements were tracked while they were exposed to gaze cues in two distinct contexts: A baseline gaze following condition in which subjects were instructed to use gaze cues to shift their attention to a gazed-at spatial target and a control condition in which the subjects were required to ignore the gaze cue and instead to shift their attention to a distinct spatial target to be selected based on a colour mapping rule, requiring the suppression of gaze following. We could identify a suppression-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response in a frontoparietal network comprising dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the anterior insula, precuneus, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). These findings suggest that overexcitation of frontoparietal circuits in turn suppressing the gaze following patch might be a potential cause of gaze following deficits in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Breu
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Ramezanpour
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P W Dicke
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Thier
- Cognitive Neurology Laboratory, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Darmani G, Drummond NM, Ramezanpour H, Saha U, Hoque T, Udupa K, Sarica C, Zeng K, Cortez Grippe T, Nankoo JF, Bergmann TO, Hodaie M, Kalia SK, Lozano AM, Hutchison WD, Fasano A, Chen R. Long-Term Recording of Subthalamic Aperiodic Activities and Beta Bursts in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:232-243. [PMID: 36424835 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local field potentials (LFPs) represent the summation of periodic (oscillations) and aperiodic (fractal) signals. Although previous studies showed changes in beta band oscillations and burst characteristics of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD), how aperiodic activity in the STN is related to PD pathophysiology is unknown. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to characterize the long-term effects of STN-deep brain stimulation (DBS) and dopaminergic medications on aperiodic activities and beta bursts. METHODS A total of 10 patients with PD participated in this longitudinal study. Simultaneous bilateral STN-LFP recordings were conducted in six separate visits during a period of 18 months using the Activa PC + S device in the off and on dopaminergic medication states. We used irregular-resampling auto-spectral analysis to separate oscillations and aperiodic components (exponent and offset) in the power spectrum of STN-LFP signals in beta band. RESULTS Our results revealed a systematic increase in both the exponent and the offset of the aperiodic spectrum over 18 months following the DBS implantation, independent of the dopaminergic medication state of patients with PD. In contrast, beta burst durations and amplitudes were stable over time and were suppressed by dopaminergic medications. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that oscillations and aperiodic activities reflect at least partially distinct yet complementary neural mechanisms, which should be considered in the design of robust biomarkers to optimize adaptive DBS. Given the link between increased gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) transmission and higher aperiodic activity, our findings suggest that long-term STN-DBS may relate to increased inhibition in the basal ganglia. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Darmani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil M Drummond
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Utpal Saha
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tasnuva Hoque
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kaviraja Udupa
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Can Sarica
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ke Zeng
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mojgan Hodaie
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D Hutchison
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Ramezanpour H, Schall J, Fallah M. Neural correlates of curved saccades in the primate frontal eye field. J Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.14.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Schall
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mazyar Fallah
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Ramezanpour H, Blizzard S, Kehoe DH, Fallah M. Oculomotor system can differentially process red and green colors during saccade programming in the presence of a competing distractor. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2847-2860. [PMID: 36100754 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention filters irrelevant information entering our brain to allow for fine-tuning of the relevant information processing. In the visual domain, shifts of attention are most often followed by a saccadic eye movement to objects and places of high relevance. Recent studies have shown that the stimulus color can affect saccade target selection and saccade trajectories. While those saccade modulations are based on perceptual color space, the level in the visual processing hierarchy at which color selection biases saccade programming remains unclear. As color has also been shown to influence manual response inhibition which is a key function of the prefrontal cortex, we hypothesized that the effects of color on executive functions would also inherently affect saccade programming. To test this hypothesis, we measured behavioral performance and saccade metrics during a modified saccadic Stroop task which reflects competition between color words ("RED" and "GREEN") and their color at the level of the prefrontal cortex. Our results revealed that the oculomotor system can differentially process red and green colors when planning a saccade in the presence of a competing distractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shawn Blizzard
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Devin Heinze Kehoe
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mazyar Fallah
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Darmani G, Drummond N, Ramezanpour H, Saha U, Zeng K, Hoque T, Udupa K, Sarica C, Hodaie M, Kalia S, Hutchison WD, Lozano AM, Fasano A, Chen R. TU-101. Different effects of dopaminergic medications on subthalamic beta bursts and non-oscillatory fractal components in Parkinson’s Disease: A longitudinal study. Clin Neurophysiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Attention is an indispensable component of active vision. Contrary to the widely accepted notion that temporal cortex processing primarily focusses on passive object recognition, a series of very recent studies emphasize the role of temporal cortex structures, specifically the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferotemporal (IT) cortex, in guiding attention and implementing cognitive programs relevant for behavioral tasks. The goal of this theoretical paper is to advance the hypothesis that the temporal cortex attention network (TAN) entails necessary components to actively participate in attentional control in a flexible task-dependent manner. First, we will briefly discuss the general architecture of the temporal cortex with a focus on the STS and IT cortex of monkeys and their modulation with attention. Then we will review evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological studies that support their guidance of attention in the presence of cognitive control signals. Next, we propose a mechanistic framework for executive control of attention in the temporal cortex. Finally, we summarize the role of temporal cortex in implementing cognitive programs and discuss how they contribute to the dynamic nature of visual attention to ensure flexible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mazyar Fallah
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Darmani G, Bergmann T, Butts Pauly K, Caskey C, de Lecea L, Fomenko A, Fouragnan E, Legon W, Murphy K, Nandi T, Phipps M, Pinton G, Ramezanpour H, Sallet J, Yaakub S, Yoo S, Chen R. Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 135:51-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramezanpour H, Görner M, Thier P. Variability of neuronal responses in the posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts choice behavior during social interactions. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1925-1933. [PMID: 34705592 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00194.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that neural activity in a well-defined patch in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (the "gaze-following patch," GFP) of the primate brain is strongly modulated when the other's gaze attracts the observer's attention to locations/objects, the other is looking at. Changes of the mean discharge rate of neurons in the monkey GFP indicate that they are involved in two distinct computations: the allocation of spatial attention guided by the other's gaze vector and the suppression of gaze following if inappropriate in a given situation. Here, we asked if and how the discharge variability of neurons in the GFP is related to the task and if it carries information on behavioral performance. To this end, we calculated the Fano factor as a measure of across-trial discharge variability as a function of time. Our results show that all neurons exhibiting a task-related discharge-rate modulation also exhibit a stimulus onset-dependent drop in the Fano factor. Furthermore, the amplitude of the Fano factor reduction is modulated by task condition and the neuron's selectivity in this regard. We found that these effects are directly related to the monkeys' behavioral performance in that the Fano factor is predictive about upcoming correct or wrong decisions. Our results indicate that neuronal discharge variability as gauged by the Fano factor, hitherto primarily studied in the context of visual perception or motor control, is an informative measure also in studies of the neural underpinnings of complex social behavior.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Quenching of neural variability following stimulus onset is a widely accepted phenomenon. However, the relevance of quenching for the shaping of complex social behaviors remains to be explored. Here, we show that task selective neurons in the GFP exhibit a higher degree of variability quenching than their neighboring unselective neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that behavioral errors are not only associated with lower firing rates but also less variability quenching, suggesting that both facilitate optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Görner
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Thier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Darmani G, Drummond N, Ramezanpour H, Zeng K, Udupa K, Sarica C, Hutchison WD, Lozano A, Fasano A, Chen R. Different effects of dopaminergic medications on subthalamic beta bursts and non-oscillatory fractal components in parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Darmani G, Nieminen JO, Bergmann TO, Ramezanpour H, Ziemann U. A degraded state of consciousness in healthy awake humans? Brain Stimul 2021; 14:710-712. [PMID: 33892180 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Darmani
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Krembil Research Institute & Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J O Nieminen
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - T O Bergmann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Ramezanpour
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - U Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Ramezanpour H, Yousefi H, Rezaei M, Rostami M. Effects of Rotational Motion in Robotic Needle Insertion. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:207-16. [PMID: 26688800 PMCID: PMC4681466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic needle insertion in biological tissues has been known as one the most applicable procedures in sampling, robotic injection and different medical therapies and operations. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we would like to investigate the effects of angular velocity in soft tissue insertion procedure by considering force-displacement diagram. Non-homogenous camel liver can be exploited as a tissue sample under standard compression test with Zwick/Roell device employing 1-D axial load-cell. METHODS Effects of rotational motion were studied by running needle insertion experiments in 5, 50 and 200 mm/min in two types of with or without rotational velocity of 50, 150 and 300 rpm. On further steps with deeper penetrations, friction force of the insertion procedure in needle shaft was acquired by a definite thickness of the tissue. RESULTS Designed mechanism of fixture for providing different frequencies of rotational motion is available in this work. Results for comparison of different force graphs were also provided. CONCLUSION Derived force-displacement graphs showed a significant difference between two procedures; however, tissue bleeding and disorganized micro-structure would be among unavoidable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ramezanpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
| | - H. Yousefi
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M. Rezaei
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Mechatronics, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - M. Rostami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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