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Elmongy EI, Attallah NGM, Altwaijry N, AlKahtani MM, Henidi HA. Design and Synthesis of New Thiophene/Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines along with Their Cytotoxic Biological Evaluation as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Addition to Their Apoptotic and Autophagic Induction. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010123. [PMID: 35011354 PMCID: PMC8746632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and anticancer activity against kinase enzymes of newly designed thiophene and thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, along with their potential to activate autophagic and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. The designed compounds were scanned for their affinity for kinases. The results were promising with affinity ranges from 46.7% to 13.3%. Molecular docking studies were performed, and the compounds were then screened for their antiproliferative effects. Interestingly, compounds 8 and 5 resulted in higher cytotoxic effects than the reference standard against MCF-7 and HepG-2. The compounds were evaluated for their induction of apoptosis and/or necrosis on HT-29 and HepG-2. Three compounds induced significant early apoptosis compared to untreated control HT-29 cells, and four derivatives were more significant compared to untreated HepG-2 cells. We further investigated the effect of four compounds on the autophagy process within HT-29, HepG-2, and MCF-7 cells with flow cytometry. Similar to the apoptosis results, compound 5 showed the highest autophagic induction among all compounds. The potential inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds on kinases was assessed. Screened compounds showed inhibition activity ranging from 41.4% to 83.5%. Compounds recorded significant inhibition were further investigated for their specific FLT3 kinase inhibitory activity. Noticeably, Compound 5 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against FLT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo P.O. Box 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Nashwah G. M. Attallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) (Previously NODCAR), Giza 8655, Egypt
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Manal Mubarak AlKahtani
- Research Department, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Hanan Ali Henidi
- Research Department, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (H.A.H.)
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