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Wan X, Xiao Z, Tian Y, Chen M, Liu F, Wang D, Liu Y, Bartolo PJDS, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhao RR, Qi HJ, Zhou K. Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications. Adv Mater 2024:e2312263. [PMID: 38439193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
4D printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D-printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state-of-the-art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D-printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wan
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhongmin Xiao
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yujia Tian
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mei Chen
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Paulo Jorge Da Silva Bartolo
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Chen J, Liu X, Tian Y, Zhu W, Yan C, Shi Y, Kong LB, Qi HJ, Zhou K. 3D-Printed Anisotropic Polymer Materials for Functional Applications. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2102877. [PMID: 34699637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropy is the characteristic of a material to exhibit variations in its mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical properties, etc. along different directions. Anisotropic materials have attracted great research interest because of their wide applications in aerospace, sensing, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. 3D printing provides exceptional advantages in achieving controlled compositions and complex architecture, thereby enabling the manufacture of 3D objects with anisotropic functionalities. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent progress on 3D printing of anisotropic polymer materials based on different techniques including material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, and sheet lamination is presented. The state-of-the-art strategies implemented in manipulating anisotropic structures are highlighted with the discussion of material categories, functionalities, and potential applications. This review is concluded with analyzing the current challenges and providing perspectives for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Chen
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Liu
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yujia Tian
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhu
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling Bing Kong
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Qin M, Sun M, Bai R, Mao Y, Qian X, Sikka D, Zhao Y, Qi HJ, Suo Z, He X. Bioinspired Hydrogel Interferometer for Adaptive Coloration and Chemical Sensing. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1800468. [PMID: 29638026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms ubiquitously display colors that adapt to environmental changes, relying on the soft layer of cells or proteins. Adoption of soft materials into an artificial adaptive color system has promoted the development of material systems for environmental and health monitoring, anti-counterfeiting, and stealth technologies. Here, a hydrogel interferometer based on a single hydrogel thin film covalently bonded to a reflective substrate is reported as a simple and universal adaptive color platform. Similar to the cell or protein soft layer of color-changing animals, the soft hydrogel layer rapidly changes its thickness in response to external stimuli, resulting in instant color change. Such interference colors provide a visual and quantifiable means of revealing rich environmental metrics. Computational model is established and captures the key features of hydrogel stimuli-responsive swelling, which elucidates the mechanism and design principle for the broad-based platform. The single material-based platform has advantages of remarkable color uniformity, fast response, high robustness, and facile fabrication. Its versatility is demonstrated by diverse applications: a volatile-vapor sensor with highly accurate quantitative detection, a colorimetric sensor array for multianalyte recognition, breath-controlled information encryption, and a colorimetric humidity indicator. Portable and easy-to-use sensing systems are demonstrated with smartphone-based colorimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mo Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ruobing Bai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yiqi Mao
- The George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiaoshi Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dipika Sikka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- The George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhigang Suo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Kuang X, Zhao Z, Chen K, Fang D, Kang G, Qi HJ. High‐Speed 3D Printing of High‐Performance Thermosetting Polymers via Two‐Stage Curing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700809. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Renewable Bioproduct Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zeang Zhao
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Kaijuan Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Kang
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 P. R. China
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Renewable Bioproduct Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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Qi HJ, Yang WW, Zhang LD, Shi XJ, Li QY, Ye T. Peripherally inserted central catheters for calcium requirements after successful parathyroidectomy: a comparison with centrally inserted catheters. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:358-362. [PMID: 28462656 PMCID: PMC5449693 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous calcium supplements are often required following parathyroidectomy to avoid postoperative hypocalcaemia. The aim of this study was to compare application effect of a femoral central venous catheter (CVC) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) on intravenous calcium supplements after parathyroidectomy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 73 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a successful parathyroidectomy at the Huashan Hospital attached to Fudan University between 1 April 2011 and 1 February 2016. RESULTS Of the 73 study participants, 39 (53.4%) had a PICC and 34 (46.6%) had a CVC, respectively. Patients in the CVC group needed 6-7 days of intravenous calcium supplements, while patients in PICC group needed only 2-3 days to achieve normal serum calcium concentration (2.2-2.6 mmol/L). Furthermore, the duration of calcium supplementation was 71.62 ± 4.48 hours in PICC group and 100.4 ± 5.43 hours in CVC group (P < 0.05). Of the patients in PICC group, the incidence of catheter occlusion, operation failure and hypocalcaemia was 0%, which was significantly lower than those in CVC group (2.56%, 7.69% and 7.69%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PICC is a safe and efficient alternative in contrast to CVC for providing venous access for calcium supplementation in surgical patients after parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - W W Yang
- General Surgery Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - L D Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - X J Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Q Y Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - T Ye
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Jiang YR, Li XX, Qi HJ. [A study on risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1994; 30:427-30. [PMID: 7774458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ocular fundi of 54 premature infants (age of gestation < 37 weeks) and 5 full-term babies with low body weight (< 2500 g) were examined at the forth week after birth. According to the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity, they were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The risk factors of the incidence of ROP were statistically analyzed, respectively. The results show that the lower the body weight, the shorter the gestation, the higher the oxygen concentration, the longer the oxygen administration, the higher the incidence of ROP. The incidences of ROP in the following baby groups, the body weight at birth < or = 1500 g, gestational weeks < or = 32 weeks, the oxygen concentration administered > 80%, and the duration of persistent oxygen administration > 5 days are significantly higher than those in the corresponding respective other groups. It is also demonstrated that the duration of the first time of oxygen administration and the complications of the newborn babies such as asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, pneumonia and blood transfusion have no effects on the incidence of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University
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