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Haardt H, Romero AE, Boysen SR, Tan JY. Comparison of transrectal and transabdominal transducers for use in fast localized abdominal sonography of horses presenting with colic. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1307938. [PMID: 38239746 PMCID: PMC10794600 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1307938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis of equine colic. Fast localized abdominal sonography of horses (FLASH) enables practitioners with limited experience to perform ultrasonography in emergency settings. However, many practitioners only possess rectal format linear array transducers (RFLT). The hypotheses are: (a) A low frequency curvilinear transducer (LFCT) and RFLT will detect free abdominal fluid and abnormal small intestinal loops with similar frequency during FLASH, and (b) there will be a difference between the transducers for detection of gastric abnormalities and nephrosplenic entrapment. The objective is to compare transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonographic detection of abnormalities in horses presenting with colic using a LFCT and RFLT. Twenty-four horses requiring FLASH for investigation of colic were enrolled. Horses that were too painful to undergo transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonographic examination were excluded. A single investigator performed FLASH on all horses using a RFLT, while one of three other clinicians simultaneously performed FLASH using a LFCT. Comparison of abnormal findings between the two transducers was performed using Chi square, Fisher's exact or Wilcoxon tests. The incidence of identification of abnormal findings was similar between the two transducers for all comparisons except the visibility of the left kidney and stomach (kidney LFCT 81.25% vs. RFLT 22.92%, stomach LFCT 87.5% vs. RFLT 62.5%). While there are limitations to using a RFLT to identify nephrosplenic entrapment of the colon and detection of the stomach, it reliably detects other common abnormalities, including peritoneal effusion, lesions of the small intestine, and changes to the wall of the large colon and cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Haardt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alfredo E. Romero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Søren R. Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Yin Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Faulkner JE, Broeckx BJG, Martens A, Raes E, Haardt H, Vanderperren K. Single energy metal artifact reduction performs better than virtual monoenergetic dual-energy reconstruction in CT of the equine proximal phalanx. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023. [PMID: 37280760 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal artifacts in CT negatively impact the evaluation of surgical implants and the surrounding tissues. The aim of this prospective experimental study was to evaluate the ability of a single energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR™, Canon) algorithm and virtual monoenergetic (VM) dual-energy CT (DECT) scanning techniques to reduce metal artifacts from stainless steel screws surgically inserted into the equine proximal phalanx. Seven acquisitions of 18 cadaver limbs were performed on a Canon Aquilion One Vision CT scanner (Helical +SEMAR, Volume +SEMAR, Standard Helical, Standard Volume and VM DECT at 135, 120, and 105 keV) and reconstructed in a bone kernel. Blinded subjective evaluation performed by three observers indicated a significant effect of acquisition in both adjacent tissues (P < 0.001) and distant tissues (P < 0.001) and the best metal artifact reduction was seen with Helical +SEMAR and Volume +SEMAR. The subjective overall preference of CT acquisition type was (1) Helical +SEMAR, (2) Volume +SEMAR, (3) VM DECT 135 keV, (4) VM DECT 120 keV, (5) VM DECT 105 keV, (6) Standard Helical, (7) Standard Volume (P < 0.001). Unblinded objective evaluation performed by one observer showed that VM DECT 120 keV, Helical +SEMAR, and Volume +SEMAR performed similarly and were objectively the best at reducing blooming artifact. Overall, the best metal artifact reduction was obtained with SEMAR, followed by VM DECT. However, VM DECT performance varies with energy level and was associated with decreased image quality in distant tissues and artifactual overcorrection of metal artifacts at high energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E Faulkner
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart J G Broeckx
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesia and Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Raes
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Haardt
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesia and Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Martens A, Haardt H. Role of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Equine Colic. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00015-9. [PMID: 37198055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopy can be valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of specific types of colic in horses. Most commonly, it is used for horses with chronic recurrent colic for further diagnosis, such as by taking biopsies or to perform treatment. Laparoscopy is also often used for prevention of colic, for example, by closing the nephrosplenic space or epiploic foramen. There are fewer indications for laparoscopy in acute colic, though in some cases the technique can be useful for diagnosis, after which the procedure is converted to a hand-assisted laparoscopy. However, manipulation of the intestine is limited compared with an open laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Hanna Haardt
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Ruíz‐López P, Felisberto R, Haardt H, Martens A, Schauvliege S. Ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block in two alpacas (
Vicugna pacos
) as part of an anaesthesia plan for hindlimb fractures. Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruíz‐López
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | | | - Hanna Haardt
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
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Leps A, Haardt H, Vanderperren K, Vlaminck L, Martens A. Successful treatment of an open incisive bone fracture using a locking compression plate combined with intraoral cerclage wiring. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leps
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Hanna Haardt
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Lieven Vlaminck
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
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Leps A, Haardt H, Vanderperren K, Vlaminck L, Martens A. Succesvolle behandeling van een open os incisivumfractuur van de bovenkaak met een compressieplaat met vergrendelde schroeven in combinatie met intraorale cerclage bij een paard. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2022. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.84668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Een zeven jaar oude warmbloedmerrie werd aangeboden met bilaterale epistaxis, zwelling ter hoogte van de bovenkaak en deviatie van de neus en bovenlip. Bij klinisch en computertomografisch onderzoek werd een volledige, schuine, open en verplaatste fractuur van het os incisivum van de bovenkaak vastgesteld. De breuk werd tijdelijk gereduceerd door met een cerclagedraad de snijtanden van de boven- en onderkaak aan elkaar te verbinden. Aansluitend werd de fractuur gefixeerd met een 3,5 smalle compressieplaat met vergrendelde schroeven aangebracht op het dorsolaterale aspect van het os incisivum in combinatie met orale cerclage. De intraorale cerclage werd twaalf weken na de operatie verwijderd, terwijl de plaat in situ bleef. De postoperatieve complicaties waren beperkt en bestonden uit voorbijgaande n. facialisverlamming en lokale zwelling. Op de röntgenfoto’s acht weken na de operatie was er een goede vordering van de heling te zien. Negen maanden na de operatie kon de merrie opnieuw normaal functioneren en was het cosmetisch resultaat uitstekend.
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Haardt H, Romero AE, Boysen SR, Lohnherr A, Tan JY. Incidence of superficial abdominal organ identification is similar using high-frequency linear (transrectal) and low-frequency curvilinear (abdominal) transducers in clinically healthy horses: A pilot study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:345-352. [PMID: 35048458 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal organ displacement is a potentially life-threatening condition in horses. Primary care veterinarians commonly make referral decisions based on a combination of clinical and ultrasonographic findings. However, published studies describing the effects of transducer on identifying abdominal organ locations in horses are currently lacking. The objective of this prospective, methods comparison, pilot study was to compare organ identification using a high-frequency linear (transrectal) transducer and a low-frequency curvilinear (abdominal) transducer for transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography of healthy horses. Twelve clinically normal adult horses owned by the University of Calgary were enrolled in the study. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed by four practitioners, each randomly assigned to an alternating rotation of transrectal or abdominal transducer and left or right side of a horse. Using a Chi square test or Fisher's exact test, the frequency of identification for each organ was compared between both transducers. There was no significant difference in organ identification on the right side of the abdomen. On the left side, the stomach, liver, and kidney were less likely to be detected with the transrectal transducer. Compared with a low-frequency abdominal transducer, a high-frequency linear transrectal transducer delivers images that allow for organ identification in transcutaneous ultrasonography of the equine abdomen except for the left kidney, left liver, and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Haardt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.,Moore Equine Veterinary Centre, 260048A Writing Creek Crescent, Rocky View County, Alberta, T4A0M9, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Alfredo E Romero
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Søren R Boysen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Anika Lohnherr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.,Moore Equine Veterinary Centre, 260048A Writing Creek Crescent, Rocky View County, Alberta, T4A0M9, Canada
| | - Jean-Yin Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
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Haardt H, Vanderperren K, Bauwens C, Lefère L, Raes E, Pollaris E, Martens A. Successful surgical repair of a temporal and parietal bone fracture with associated traumatic brain injury in a fourteen-day-old foal. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v90i1.17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fourteen-day-old warmblood colt presented with severe neurological signs of unknown origin. The foal was recumbent and comatose, and showed spastic motion of the head. Computed tomography (CT) examination revealed multiple impression fractures to the left parietal and temporal bones, as well as traumatic brain injury. Three fragments of the temporal bone were dislocated into the cranial vault. The foal was surgically treated within 24 hours of presentation: the fragments were elevated and the largest fragment was fixated with an L-shaped titanium MatrixMidface 0.8 mm reconstruction plate. The brain injury resolved with medical treatment and supportive care. Apart from a localized wound abscess that was drained, postoperative healing was uneventful and the foal regained the ability to ambulate 18 days after surgery. Follow-up CT imaging documented good fracture healing and a favorable development of the soft tissue injuries. Seven months after surgery, the foal was fully recovered and showed no neurological signs.
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Khargi K, Deneke T, Haardt H, Lemke B, Grewe P, Müller KM, Laczkovics A. Saline-irrigated, cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation is an effective technique to perform the maze procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:S1090-5. [PMID: 11570381 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effectiveness of the saline-irrigated-cooled-tip-radiofrequency ablation (SICTRA) to produce linear intraatrial lesions. METHODS Thirty patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease were consecutively randomized to have mitral valve operation either with a Maze procedure (group A) or without (group B). Intraatrial linear lesions were made with an SICTRA catheter (20 to 32 W; 200 to 320 mL/h saline). An echocardiography and 24-hour electrocardiogram were obtained 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS The cumulative frequencies of sinus rhythm in group A and B were 0.80 and 0.27 (p < 0.01). Restored biatrial contraction was present in 66.7% (6 of 9) of the group A patients in sinus rhythm. One patient from each group received a permanent pacemaker because of bradycardia. A fatal renal bleeding and mediastinitis occurred in 2 group A patients, 6 weeks postoperatively. One group A patient had sudden cardiac death at home, 4 months after operation. One patient from each group had lethal respiratory failure, 7 and 10 months after operation. Survival after 12 months for group A and B was 73% and 93% (p = 0.131). CONCLUSIONS The SICTRA appeared to be an effective technique to perform the Maze procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khargi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche, Kliniken Bergmannnsheil-University Hospital Bochum, Germany.
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Höller C, Haardt H. Low field performance of an aphid parasitoid,Aphelinus abdominalis, efficient in the laboratory [Hym., Aphelinidae]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02373145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Peinert R, Saure A, Stegmann P, Stienen C, Haardt H, Smetacek V. Dynamics of primary production and sedimentation in a coastal ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(82)90036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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