1
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Cunningham K, Hinton TG, Luxton JJ, Bordman A, Okuda K, Taylor LE, Hayes J, Gerke HC, Chinn SM, Anderson D, Laudenslager ML, Takase T, Nemoto Y, Ishiniwa H, Beasley JC, Bailey SM. Evaluation of DNA damage and stress in wildlife chronically exposed to low-dose, low-dose rate radiation from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Environ Int 2021; 155:106675. [PMID: 34120002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The health effects associated with chronic low-dose, low-dose rate (LD-LDR) exposures to environmental radiation are uncertain. All dose-effect studies conducted outside controlled laboratory conditions are challenged by inherent complexities of ecological systems and difficulties quantifying dose to free-ranging organisms in natural environments. Consequently, the effects of chronic LD-LDR radiation exposures on wildlife health remain poorly understood and much debated. Here, samples from wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and rat snakes (Elaphe spp.) were collected between 2016 and 2018 across a gradient of radiation exposures in Fukushima, Japan. In vivo biomarkers of DNA damage and stress were evaluated as a function of multiple measurements of radiation dose. Specifically, we assessed frequencies of dicentric chromosomes (Telomere-Centromere Fluorescence in situ Hybridization: TC-FISH), telomere length (Telo-FISH, qPCR), and cortisol hormone levels (Enzyme Immunoassay: EIA) in wild boar, and telomere length (qPCR) in snakes. These biological parameters were then correlated to robust calculations of radiation dose rate at the time of capture and plausible upper bound lifetime dose, both of which incorporated internal and external dose. No significant relationships were observed between dicentric chromosome frequencies or telomere length and dose rate at capture or lifetime dose (p value range: 0.20-0.97). Radiation exposure significantly associated only with cortisol, where lower concentrations were associated with higher dose rates (r2 = 0.58; p < 0.0001), a relationship that was likely due to other (unmeasured) factors. Our results suggest that wild boar and snakes chronically exposed to LD-LDR radiation sufficient to prohibit human occupancy were not experiencing significant adverse health effects as assessed by biomarkers of DNA damage and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cunningham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1433 Ås, Norway; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Jared J Luxton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Aryn Bordman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Kei Okuda
- Faculty of Human Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima 731-3195, Japan
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Josh Hayes
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Hannah C Gerke
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Sarah M Chinn
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima City, Kanayagawa 960-1248, Japan
| | - Mark L Laudenslager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tsugiko Takase
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Yui Nemoto
- Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation, 2-10 Fukasaku, Miharu, Fukushima 963-7799, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ishiniwa
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
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2
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Sebastián-González E, Morales-Reyes Z, Botella F, Naves-Alegre L, Pérez-García JM, Mateo-Tomás P, Olea PP, Moleón M, Barbosa JM, Hiraldo F, Arrondo E, Donázar JA, Cortés-Avizanda A, Selva N, Lambertucci SA, Bhattacharjee A, Brewer AL, Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Gerke HC, Rhodes OE, Ordiz A, Wikenros C, Zimmermann B, Wabakken P, Wilmers CC, Smith JA, Kendall CJ, Ogada D, Frehner E, Allen ML, Wittmer HU, Butler JRA, du Toit JT, Margalida A, Oliva-Vidal P, Wilson D, Jerina K, Krofel M, Kostecke R, Inger R, Per E, Ayhan Y, Sancı M, Yılmazer Ü, Inagaki A, Koike S, Samson A, Perrig PL, Spencer EE, Newsome TM, Heurich M, Anadón JD, Buechley ER, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Elbroch LM, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks. Ecology 2021; 102:e03519. [PMID: 34449876 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the "role" of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species "normalized degree"), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species "paired nested degree"), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sebastián-González
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Cra. San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, E-03690, Spain
| | - Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Lara Naves-Alegre
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-García
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateo-Tomás
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Oviedo -Spanish National Research Council- Principality of Asturias, Mieres, E-33600, Spain.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Olea
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Jomar Magalhães Barbosa
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - Eneko Arrondo
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - José A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain.,Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, E-41012, Spain
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, PL-31-120, Poland
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Aishwarya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Alexis L Brewer
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Erin F Abernethy
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Kelsey L Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Travis L DeVault
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Hannah C Gerke
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Camilla Wikenros
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, 73993, Sweden
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, 2318, Norway
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, 2318, Norway
| | - Christopher C Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Justine A Smith
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Corinne J Kendall
- North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, North Carolina, 27205, USA
| | - Darcy Ogada
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho, 83709, USA
| | - Ethan Frehner
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Heiko U Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - Johan T du Toit
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain.,Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, E-13071, Spain
| | - Pilar Oliva-Vidal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain
| | - David Wilson
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, CB2 1SJ, United Kingdom
| | - Klemen Jerina
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Miha Krofel
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Richard Inger
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Esra Per
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.,DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ayhan
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sancı
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Yılmazer
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Akino Inagaki
- Department of Environment Conservation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Environment Conservation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan
| | - Arockianathan Samson
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643002, India
| | - Paula L Perrig
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina.,Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Emma E Spencer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas M Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Straße 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany.,Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - José D Anadón
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA.,Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y el Medio Natural, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-50009, Spain
| | - Evan R Buechley
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Washington, D.C., 20013, USA.,HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84106, USA
| | | | - L Mark Elbroch
- Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, New York, New York, 10018, USA
| | - José A Sánchez-Zapata
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
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3
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Gerke HC, Hinton TG, Takase T, Anderson D, Nanba K, Beasley JC. Radiocesium concentrations and GPS-coupled dosimetry in Fukushima snakes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 734:139389. [PMID: 32464388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the largest releases of radioactive contamination in history occurred at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Although the accident happened in 2011, questions still persist regarding its ecological impacts. For example, relatively little is known about radiocesium accumulation in snakes, despite their high trophic status, limited home range sizes, and close association with soil where many radionuclides accumulate. This study presents one of the most comprehensive radioecological studies of snakes published to date using a combination of whole-body radiocesium analyses, GPS transmitters, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters. The objectives were to: 1) quantify whole-body radiocesium activity concentrations and internal dose rates among several common species of snakes within and around the Fukushima Exclusion Zone (FEZ), 2) determine effects of species, sex, and body size on radiocesium activity concentrations, 3) measure external dose rates using GPS-coupled dosimeters deployed on free-ranging snakes, 4) compare field-derived empirical dose rates to those generated by computer simulation software (i.e., the ERICA tool), and 5) determine if incorporating snake behavior into computer models improve simulated estimates of external dose. Whole-body radiocesium levels for snakes were highly variable among individuals (16 to 25,000 Bq/kg, FW), but were influenced more by levels of local contamination than species, sex, or size. Doses recorded by OSL dosimeters on snakes, as well as modeling in ERICA, suggest that individual movements and behavior have a substantial influence on dose rates to snakes. However, dose estimates produced with ERICA were comparable to dose received by tracked snakes. The average external plus internal dose rate for snakes captured in the FEZ was 3.6-3.9 μGy/h, with external dose contributing 80% to the total. Further research regarding reptile-specific benchmark dose rates would improve risk assessment for reptiles in radiologically contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Gerke
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan; CERAD CoE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty for Environmental Sciences and Nature Research Management, Aas, Norway
| | - Tsugiko Takase
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 960-1248, Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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