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Hung TH, So T, Thammavong B, Chamchumroon V, Theilade I, Phourin C, Bouamanivong S, Hartvig I, Gaisberger H, Jalonen R, Boshier DH, MacKay JJ. Range-wide differential adaptation and genomic offset in critically endangered Asian rosewoods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301603120. [PMID: 37549265 PMCID: PMC10438386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301603120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the billion-dollar global illegal wildlife trade, rosewoods have been the world's most trafficked wild product since 2005. Dalbergia cochinchinensis and Dalbergia oliveri are the most sought-after rosewoods in the Greater Mekong Subregion. They are exposed to significant genetic risks and the lack of knowledge on their adaptability limits the effectiveness of conservation efforts. Here, we present genome assemblies and range-wide genomic scans of adaptive variation, together with predictions of genomic offset to climate change. Adaptive genomic variation was differentially associated with temperature and precipitation-related variables between the species, although their natural ranges overlap. The findings are consistent with differences in pioneering ability and in drought tolerance. We predict their genomic offsets will increase over time and with increasing carbon emission pathway but at a faster pace in D. cochinchinensis than in D. oliveri. These results and the distinct gene-environment association in the eastern coastal edge of Vietnam suggest species-specific conservation actions: germplasm representation across the range in D. cochinchinensis and focused on hotspots of genomic offset in D. oliveri. We translated our genomic models into a seed source matching application, seedeR, to rapidly inform restoration efforts. Our ecological genomic research uncovering contrasting selection forces acting in sympatric rosewoods is of relevance to conserving tropical trees globally and combating risks from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Hang Hung
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Thea So
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bansa Thammavong
- National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Forestry Research Center, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Voradol Chamchumroon
- The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Chhang Phourin
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Somsanith Bouamanivong
- National Herbarium of Laos, Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Ida Hartvig
- Forest Genetics and Diversity, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Hannes Gaisberger
- Bioversity International, I-00057Rome, Italy
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University, 5020Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - David H. Boshier
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - John J. MacKay
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3RB, United Kingdom
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Gaisberger H, Fremout T, Kettle CJ, Vinceti B, Kemalasari D, Kanchanarak T, Thomas E, Serra-Diaz JM, Svenning JC, Slik F, Eiadthong W, Palanisamy K, Ravikanth G, Bodos V, Sang J, Warrier RR, Wee AKS, Elloran C, Ramos LT, Henry M, Hossain MA, Theilade I, Laegaard S, Bandara KMA, Weerasinghe DP, Changtragoon S, Yuskianti V, Wilkie P, Nghia NH, Elliott S, Pakkad G, Tiansawat P, Maycock C, Bounithiphonh C, Mohamed R, Nazre M, Siddiqui BN, Lee SL, Lee CT, Zakaria NF, Hartvig I, Lehmann L, David DBD, Lillesø JPB, Phourin C, Yongqi Z, Ping H, Volkaert HA, Graudal L, Hamidi A, Thea S, Sreng S, Boshier D, Tolentino E, Ratnam W, Aung MM, Galante M, Isa SFM, Dung NQ, Hoa TT, Le TC, Miah MD, Zuhry ALM, Alawathugoda D, Azman A, Pushpakumara G, Sumedi N, Siregar IZ, Nak HK, Linsky J, Barstow M, Koh LP, Jalonen R. Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13873. [PMID: 34865262 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature-based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affect provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region-wide, spatially explicit assessment of the vulnerability of 63 socioeconomically important tree species to overexploitation, fire, overgrazing, habitat conversion, and climate change. Trees were selected for assessment from national priority lists, and selections were validated by an expert network representing 20 countries. We used Maxent suitability modeling to predict species distribution ranges, freely accessible spatial data sets to map threat exposures, and functional traits to estimate threat sensitivities. Species-specific vulnerability maps were created as the product of exposure maps and sensitivity estimates. Based on vulnerability to current threats and climate change, we identified priority areas for conservation and restoration. Overall, 74% of the most important areas for conservation of these trees fell outside protected areas, and all species were severely threatened across an average of 47% of their native ranges. The most imminent threats were overexploitation and habitat conversion; populations were severely threatened by these factors in an average of 24% and 16% of their ranges, respectively. Our model predicted limited overall climate change impacts, although some study species were likely to lose over 15% of their habitat by 2050 due to climate change. We pinpointed specific natural areas in Borneo rain forests as hotspots for in situ conservation of forest genetic resources, more than 82% of which fell outside designated protected areas. We also identified degraded areas in Western Ghats, Indochina dry forests, and Sumatran rain forests as hotspots for restoration, where planting or assisted natural regeneration will help conserve these species, and croplands in southern India and Thailand as potentially important agroforestry options. Our results highlight the need for regionally coordinated action for effective conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gaisberger
- Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Bioversity International, La Molina, Peru
| | - Chris J Kettle
- Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Della Kemalasari
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tania Kanchanarak
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ferry Slik
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | | | | | - Vilma Bodos
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Baitul Makmur II, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Julia Sang
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Baitul Makmur II, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Rekha R Warrier
- Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alison K S Wee
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Matieu Henry
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Akhter Hossain
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - K M A Bandara
- Sri Lanka Forestry Institute, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Vivi Yuskianti
- Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Stephen Elliott
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Greuk Pakkad
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Tiansawat
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Biology Department and Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Colin Maycock
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Chaloun Bounithiphonh
- Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Xaythany District, Lao P.D.R
| | - Rozi Mohamed
- Faculty of Forestry & Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Nazre
- Faculty of Forestry & Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Soon-Leong Lee
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ting Lee
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhanah Zakaria
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ida Hartvig
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lutz Lehmann
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Chhang Phourin
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | - Zheng Yongqi
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Ping
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Hugo A Volkaert
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University Kamphaengsaen Campus, Mu6 Malaimaen Rd, Kamphaengsaen Nakhonpathom 73140, Thailand, Lat Yao, Thailand
| | - Lars Graudal
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arief Hamidi
- Fauna and Flora International, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - So Thea
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | - Sineath Sreng
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development, Khan Sen Sokh, Cambodia
| | | | - Enrique Tolentino
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Mu Mu Aung
- Forest Department Myanmar, Mon State, Myanmar
| | - Michael Galante
- Climate Forestry Limited, Kensington Gardens, Labuan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Md Isa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nguyen Quoc Dung
- Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Quy hoạch Rừng, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hoa
- Institute of Agricultural Genetics (AGI), Forest Genetics and Conservation, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Chan Le
- Institute of Agricultural Genetics (AGI), Forest Genetics and Conservation, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Amelia Azman
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Jalan Frim, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Sumedi
- Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Hong Kyung Nak
- Forest Bioinformation Division, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFOS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Linsky
- Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan Barstow
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Riina Jalonen
- Bioversity International, Universiti Putra Malaysia Off Lebuh Silikon, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fremout T, Thomas E, Gaisberger H, Van Meerbeek K, Muenchow J, Briers S, Gutierrez-Miranda CE, Marcelo-Peña JL, Kindt R, Atkinson R, Cabrera O, Espinosa CI, Aguirre-Mendoza Z, Muys B. Mapping tree species vulnerability to multiple threats as a guide to restoration and conservation of tropical dry forests. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3552-3568. [PMID: 32020698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the vulnerability of tree species to anthropogenic threats is important for the efficient planning of restoration and conservation efforts. We quantified and compared the effects of future climate change and four current threats (fire, habitat conversion, overgrazing and overexploitation) on the 50 most common tree species of the tropical dry forests of northwestern Peru and southern Ecuador. We used an ensemble modelling approach to predict species distribution ranges, employed freely accessible spatial datasets to map threat exposures, and developed a trait-based scoring approach to estimate species-specific sensitivities, using differentiated trait weights in accordance with their expected importance in determining species sensitivities to specific threats. Species-specific vulnerability maps were constructed from the product of the exposure maps and the sensitivity estimates. We found that all 50 species face considerable threats, with an average of 46% of species' distribution ranges displaying high or very high vulnerability to at least one of the five threats. Our results suggest that current levels of habitat conversion, overexploitation and overgrazing pose larger threats to most of the studied species than climate change. We present a spatially explicit planning strategy for species-specific restoration and conservation actions, proposing management interventions to focus on (a) in situ conservation of tree populations and seed collection for tree planting activities in areas with low vulnerability to climate change and current threats; (b) ex situ conservation or translocation of populations in areas with high climate change vulnerability; and (c) active planting or assisted regeneration in areas under high current threat vulnerability but low climate change vulnerability, provided that interventions are in place to lower threat pressure. We provide an online, user-friendly tool to visualize both the vulnerability maps and the maps indicating priority restoration and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | - Evert Thomas
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Muenchow
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Siebe Briers
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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