Construction and validation of nomogram prediction model for risk of acute heart failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

To investigate the influencing factors of in-hospital acute heart failure (AHF) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to construct and validate a risk prediction nomogram model. Three Hundred Thirty patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed as a training set for the construction of the model. Three Hundred Twenty-five AECOPD patients admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from 2006 to June 2023 were also collected as the validation set for the validation of the model. A nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of nosocomial AHF in patients with AECOPD, and C-index and receiver operating characteristic curve were drawn to assess the predictive predictive efficacy of the model. Model fit was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve was drawn to evaluate the calibration of the model; decision curve was drawn to analyze the net benefit rate of this nomogram model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that body mass index, mmRC grade, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, creatinine, PO2, PCO2, and Homocysteine were independent risk factors for in-hospital AHF in patients with AECOPD. To construct a nomogram model for risk prediction of in-hospital AHF in patients with AECOPD. The C-index of the training set was 0.949 (95% CI: 0.91-0.961); the C-index of the validation set was 0.936 (95% CI: 0.911-0.961) suggesting good model discrimination. The receiver operating characteristic curve calculated area under curve for the training set was 0.949 (95% CI: 0.928-0.97); area under curve for the validation set was 0.936 (95% CI: 0.91-0.961) suggesting good model accuracy. The results of Hosmer-Lemeshoe goodness-of-fit test and calibration curve analysis showed that the calibration curve of this nomogram model was close to the ideal curve. The clinical decision curve also showed good clinical net benefit of the nomogram model. Body mass index, mmRC grade, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, creatinine, PO2, PCO2, and Homocysteine are risk factors for in-hospital AHF in AECOPD patients, and nomogram models constructed based on the above factors have some predictive value for in-hospital AHF in AECOPD patients. It is also vital for nursing staff to strengthen nursing care.

[Current application and prospect of accurate navigation technology in orthopaedic trauma]

In the past decades,a dramatic development of navigation technology in orthopaedic surgery has been witnessed. By assisting the localization of surgical region,verification of target bony structure,preoperative planning of fixation,intraoperative identification of planned entry point and direction of instruments or even automated insertion of implants,its ability and potential to reduce operation time,intraoperative radiation,surgical trauma,and improve accuracy has been proved. However,in contrast to the widespread use of navigation technology in arthroplasty,orthopaedic tumor,and spine surgery,its application in orthopaedic trauma is relatively less. In this manuscript,the main purpose is to introduce the technical principles of navigation devices,outline the current clinical application of navigation systems in orthopaedic trauma,analyze the current challenges confronting its further application in clinical practice and its prospect in the future.

Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation and kinetic resolution of alkyl allylic alcohols

Herein, we report an efficient kinetic resolution of alkyl allylic alcohols enabled by an iridium-catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation of alkyl allylic alcohols with potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates. A wide range of chiral 1,4-enynes bearing various functional groups and unreacted enantioenriched allylic alcohols were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities and high kinetic resolution performance (s-factor up to 922). Additionally, this method is particularly effective for preparing some useful optically pure alkyl allylic alcohols, such as the key components towards the synthesis of prostaglandins and naturally occurring matsutakeols, which are difficult to access via other asymmetric reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the efficient kinetic resolution might be due to the significant distinction of the η ²-coordination between the (R)- and (S)-allylic alcohols with the iridium/(phosphoramidite, olefin) complex.

[Differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city]

PURPOSE

To explore the differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city.

METHODS

Eight hundred and sixty children aged 1-6 years who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 860 saliva samples and equivalent stool samples were collected. Microbial DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. High-throughput sequencing was performed using Miseq sequencer, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the differences of oral and intestinal microflora. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to perform the statistical analysis.

RESULTS

At phylum level, Bacteroidetes (39.98%), Proteobacteria (25.32%) and Firmicutes (21.78%) were the most common microbes in oral cavity, while Firmicutes (45.21%) and Bacteroidetes (37.21%) were the most abundant microbes in the gut. At genus level, the top three microbes in the oral cavity included Prevotella(26.11%), Neisseria (12.39%), Porphyromonas(10.13%), while the top three microbes in the gut included Bacteroidetes(20.11%), Prevotella (9.13%), and Faecalibacterium (5.13%). There were significant alpha and beta differences in oral and intestinal microbial diversity.

CONCLUSIONS

Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the dominant species in the oral cavity, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant species in the gut. There are significant differences in species composition and abundance between oral and intestinal microorganisms.

[Research on the pathogeny of black tooth stain and association between black tooth stain and primary dentition caries in children]

PURPOSE

To investigate the related factors of black tooth stain in primary teeth of 3~5 years old children and caries status of primary dentition in these children.

METHODS

From December 2019 to August 2020, 182 3~5 years old children with black tooth stain and 200 children without pigmentation were investigated by oral examination and questionnaire survey to their guardians, while caries status , distribution range of the pigment, factors associated with black tooth stain were evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Children with black tooth stain had fewer dental caries. The lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth were the most affected sites. Factors associated with black tooth stain were foods with soy sauce and brushing teeth with parents' help.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a negative correlation between the occurrence of primary dentition caries and blacktooth stain, but there is no significant correlation between formation of black tooth stain and most environmental factors.

Optical resolution of 1,16-dihydroxytetraphenylene by chiral gold(iii) complexation and its applications as chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis

We report herein a novel approach involving optical resolution of (±)-1,16-dihydroxytetraphenylene (DHTP) by chiral gold(iii) complexation. This method features several key advantages, i.e., recyclability of chiral resolution reagents, feasibility of scaling up to gram quantities, and operational simplicity. On the basis of this method, which led to optically pure DHTP, a library of 2,15-diaryl (S)-DHTPs and several (S)-DHTP-derived phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized. Finally, the superior performance of a (S)-DHTP phosphoramidite ligand was demonstrated by efficient iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkynylation reactions.

[Analysis of the effect of improved ART with high-intensity glass ionomer cement in the treatment of primary caries in children]

PURPOSE

To investigate the effect of improved atraumatic restorative treatment(ART) with high-strength glass ionomer cement in the treatment of primary caries in children.

METHODS

From August 2018 to May 2019, 262 children with primary tooth caries who were treated in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected into our study, prospectively. The children were divided into two groups, randomly: ART group (131 cases, 177 teeth) and control group (131 cases, 178 teeth). Children in the control group were treated with conventional cavity preparation and composite resin filling, while those in the ART group were treated with improved high-intensity glass ionomer. The curative effect and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

The overall curative effect in the ART group was better than that of the control group. The cooperation degree of the 2~4 years old children in the ART group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The cooperation degree of the 5 years old children between the two groups had no significant differences(P>0.05). Both groups of children accepted 12 months of follow-up. Three months after treatment, the rate of secondary caries in the ART group was significantly lower than that in the control group, but it was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Six and 12 months after treatment, the rate of secondary caries in the ART group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the satisfaction of parents in the ART group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Improved ART with high-intensity glass ionomer cement is more likely accepted by children and their parents, with more willing to accept and cooperate with the treatment. Not only is it easy to operate, but also has a reliable curative effect in children.

Pivotal Reactions in the Creation of the Polycyclic Skeleton of Cryptotrione

Three pivotal reactions, namely, enyne cycloisomerization, polyene cyclization, and quinone methide formation, are applied to synthesize the complex polycyclic skeleton of cryptotrione. This review summarizes the most prominent applications of these three reactions to the total syntheses of natural products, covering results published in the literature between 2011 and 2020.

1 Introduction

2 Three Pivotal Reactions Applied to Create the Polycyclic Framework of Cryptotrione

2.1 Enyne Cycloisomerization

2.2 Polyene Cyclization

2.3 Quinone Methide Formation

3 Conclusion

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Favorita (Solanaceae)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a species of the family Solanaceae, is the fourth most important food crop worldwide. Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Favorita is a long oval, smooth, yellowish-skinned potato variety with green and plump leaves. It has a dry matter content of 17.7% and starch content of 12.4–14.01% in the tuber. In order to support more genetic data for the taxonomy of S. tuberosum, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of S. tuberosum L. cv. Favorita was determined using next-generation sequencing. In leaves, the chloroplast genome accounts for 5.17% of the total genome. The entire cp genome was determined to be 155,296 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 85,737 and 18,373 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 25,593 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 132 total genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 37.9%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 60 chloroplast genomes reveals that S. tuberosum L. cv. Favorita is most closely related to S. tuberosum L. cv. Desiree and S. tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic (Solanaceae)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a species of the family Solanaceae, is the fourth most important food crop worldwide. Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic, a main fried special potato, has a dry matter content of 19%–23% and a starch content of 16.26% in the tuber. In order to support more molecular data for the taxony of S. tuberosum, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of S. tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic was determined using next-generation sequencing. In leaves, the chloroplast genome accounts for 5.49% of the total genome. The entire cp genome was determined to be 155,296 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 85,737 and 18,373 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 25,593 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 37.9%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 64 chloroplast genomes reveals that S. tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic is most closely related to Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree.

Effects of natural ingredients on the shelf life of chicken seasoning

The effects of the natural ingredients Angelica sinensis (AS) and Codonopsis pilosula (CP) on the shelf life of chicken seasoning were investigated. Color differences and sensory evaluation were used to indicate sensory differences. Changes in volatiles were monitored. The rate of increase in the color value a* of the AS and CP samples was lower than that in the control. Rancid flavor appeared later in the AS and CP samples than in the control. The levels of aldehydes, ketones, and alkenes increased during storage. A kinetic model was built based on the proportion of aldehydes (main marker), to predict shelf life. The predicted shelf life at room temperature was 60 days for the control, 114 days for AS, and 89 days for CP. The shelf life of chicken seasoning could be prolonged with AS and CP. This kinetic model can be used to predict the shelf life of chicken seasoning.

Effective interaction of nonuniformly charged colloid spheres in a bulk electrolyte

The interaction energy between two like-charged colloid spheres with nonuniformly distributed surface charges immersed in a bulk electrolyte is calculated under the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The calculated results are sensitive to the relative orientations of the spheres due to the anisotropy of the distribution of charges on the sphere surface. The effective repulsive interaction after thermal average is weaker than the case when charges are uniformly distributed on the spheres, and with the increase of the nonuniformity, an attractive interaction between the two spheres emerges.

Polynomial scheme for time evolution of open and closed quantum systems

Based on the generating function of Laguerre polynomials, we propose a Laguerre polynomial expansion scheme in the calculation of the evolution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Theoretical analysis and numerical tests show that the method is equally as good as the Chebyshev polynomial expansion method in efficiency and accuracy, with the additional merits that no scaling to the Hamiltonian is needed and it has wider suitability.

Reentrant wetting transition on surfactant solution surfaces

The wetting of polydimethylsiloxane oil drops on the surfaces of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate solutions is studied systematically by changing the bulk surfactant concentration. The wetting state changes from complete wetting to pseudopartial wetting at 0.3 cmc (critical micelle concentration) surfactant concentration and there is a reentrant transition back to complete wetting at 1.4 cmc. The measured free energy is consistent with the prediction of the wetting theory. The interaction potential minimum of the two surfaces of the oil film disappears at the reentrant point, which is speculated to be an effect of micelle formation in the solution.

Depletion interactions between two spherocylinders

The depletion interactions between two spherocylinders as functions of their separation and their relative orientation, induced by a small hard-sphere fluid, are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations using the acceptance ratio method (ARM). The torque on the spherocylinders is determined from the resulting potential. The calculation shows that the ARM is an effective way to obtain depletion interactions of spherocylinders. The depletion interaction under the Asakura-Oosawa (also excluded-volume) approximation is also calculated numerically.

The density distributions of the counterions and the coions confined in two similarly charged plates

By using the field-theoretic method, we established a unified systematic formulation of a model of counterions and coions confined in two similarly charged plates, and calculated the density distributions of counterions and coions with various coupling parameters by the two methods: Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) approach and the strong coupling (SC) theory, respectively. We also performed Monte Carlo simulations, and obtained the density distributions of counterions and coions with several different coupling parameters. Comparing our theoretical results with those from Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the PB approach is valid when the coupling parameter Xi is smaller than 1, but, as Xi > or = 1, the results by the PB approach deviate from the corresponding Monte Carlo simulation data, and the deviation gets larger with the coupling parameter increasing. This shows that the PB approach is completely invalid when the coupling parameter is equal to 1 or larger than 1. For the latter case, the development trend of the distribution curve calculated by SC theory agrees with that from Monte Carlo simulation as the coupling parameter increases. This demonstrates that the SC theory can give a qualitative available explanation on the density distribution of the counterions in the system in which the coupling parameters are strictly confined.

Entropic interactions on a colloidal sphere near the edge of a terrace

We calculated the entropic interactions between a colloidal sphere and the hard edge of a terrace by means of Monte Carlo simulation with the acceptance ratio method. Comparison with the Asakura-Oosawa approximation indicates that the AO approximation is more accurate in this model than other known models. Our simulation results are also in qualitative agreement with the experimental results obtained by A.D. Dinsmore et al.

Depletion potential near curved surfaces

We examine the depletion potential and force of a hard-sphere fluid on a single big hard sphere, located inside or outside of a hard spherical cavity, by Monte Carlo simulations to the hard-sphere fluid. The depletion potential is determined by the acceptance ratio method, while the force on the big sphere is obtained by two methods: numerical differentiation of the depletion potential and integration of the contact density of the fluid at the surface of the big sphere. The results are in excellent agreement with those obtained by density functional theory presented by Roth et al.