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Elango A, Shriram AN, Raju HK, Kumar A. Study on the Ixodid ticks species diversity (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic ruminants in different agro-climatic regions of Tamil Nadu. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:73. [PMID: 38336895 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A survey of Ixodid tick species diversity on domestic ruminants was conducted in seven agro-climatic regions of Tamil Nadu State, India. Tick surveys were conducted on domestic ruminants such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat in seven districts of Tamil Nadu. The overall tick infestation was 38.8%, 5.8%, 14.6%, and 40.8% on cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, respectively. A total of 8068 ticks from 18 species belonging to four genera were recorded. Overall, Haemaphysalis intermedia was the predominant (51.38%) tick species which has a wide host range. The most prevalent tick species in cattle and buffalo were Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus (25.41%) and Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (56.69%), respectively. Haemaphysalis intermedia was the most prevalent in ticks in sheep (70.35%), goat (70.35%), and dog (55.79%). In the present study, local anomalies such as the ectromely of one leg and the absence of adanal plates were observed in Rh. haemaphysaloides. The study also found that local anomaly such as protuberances in the hind tarsal and atrophy of the adanal plate was observed in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In addition, a general anomaly with three atrophy caudal appendages was also observed in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The overall prevalence of anomalies in Rh. haemaphysaloides and Rh. (B.) microplus was 0.3% (3/971) and 0.4% (3/678), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyanar Elango
- Division of Vector Biology and Control, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, ICMR-Vector Control Research CentreGOIIndira Nagar, Medical Complex, Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Ananganallur Nagarajan Shriram
- Division of Vector Biology and Control, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, ICMR-Vector Control Research CentreGOIIndira Nagar, Medical Complex, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Hari Kishan Raju
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, ICMR-Vector Control Research CentreGOIIndira Nagar, Medical Complex, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Vector Control Research CentreGOIIndira Nagar, Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Medical Complex, Puducherry, 605 006, India
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 605102, Chennai, India
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Ragini G, Raju HK, Krishnamoorthi R, Elango A, Muthukumaravel S, Kumar A. The Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections of Public Health Importance in Hard Tick ( Ixodidae) Nymphs Collected from the Forest Fringes of Western Ghats in the Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra States of India. Microorganisms 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 38257879 PMCID: PMC10819270 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the human tick-borne bacterial infections in the nymphs which were collected from Western Ghats' fringe forest areas. Tick nymphs were collected using the flagging method from the villages where cases Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) were previously reported in the states of Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra. A total of 200 tick pools consisting of 4587 nymphs were tested by PCR for the detection of bacteria of public health importance, such as Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. Of these, four pools (4.8%) in Karnataka and three pools (4.4%) in Maharashtra were positive for Coxiella burnetii, while none of the samples from Goa state were positive. Rickettsia spp. were positively obtained from Maharashtra (51.5%), Goa (35.42%) and Karnataka (26.19%). The sequence results of Rickettsia spp. showed similarity to the spotted fever group Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii, Rickettsia conorii subsp. heilongjiangensis and Rickettsia spp. strain koreansis. Individuals are entering into the forest areas for various reasons are more likely to infect with Coxiella burnetii. and Rickettsia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanasekar Ragini
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Hari Kishan Raju
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Ranganathan Krishnamoorthi
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Ayyanar Elango
- Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India;
| | - Subramanian Muthukumaravel
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India;
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 605102, India;
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Raju HK, Sabesan S, Subramanian S, Jambulingam P. Validating the Association of Japanese Encephalitis Vector Abundance with Paddy Growth, Using MODIS Data. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:560-562. [PMID: 30016208 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia, particularly India. The major vector transmitting the disease, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, breeds in paddy field and its associated water bodies. The incidence of human infection usually occurs after the peak in vector abundance. Earlier, an association between JE vector abundance and paddy growth was demonstrated in Bellary district of Karnataka state, India, using radar satellite (RISAT 1) data. In this study, an attempt has been made to validate this phenomenon with the data collected from Uttar Pradesh state, using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data.
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Kaur P, Ponniah M, Murhekar MV, Ramachandran V, Ramachandran R, Raju HK, Perumal V, Mishra AC, Gupte MD. Chikungunya outbreak, South India, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1623-5. [PMID: 18826830 PMCID: PMC2609883 DOI: 10.3201/eid1410.070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated chikungunya outbreaks in South India and observed a high attack rate, particularly among adults and women. Transmission was facilitated by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in peridomestic water containers, as indicated by a high Breteau index. We recommended vector control measures and health education to promote safe water storage practices.
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