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Siddique MS, Lu H, Xiong X, Fareed H, Graham N, Yu W. Exploring impacts of water-extractable organic matter on pre-ozonation followed by nanofiltration process: Insights from pH variations on DBPs formation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162695. [PMID: 36898544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of pH (4-10) on the treatment of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM), and the associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential (FP), during the pre-ozonation/nanofiltration treatment process. At alkaline pH (9-10), a rapid decline in water flux (> 50 %) and higher membrane rejection was observed, as a consequence of the increased electrostatic repulsion forces between the membrane surface and organic species. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) provides detailed insights into the WEOM compositional behavior at different pH levels. Ozonation at higher pH significantly reduced the apparent molecular weight (MW) of WEOM in the 4000-7000 Da range by transforming the large MW (humic-like) substances into small hydrophilic fractions. Fluorescence components C1 (humic-like) and C2 (fulvic-like) exhibited a predominant increase/decrease in concentration for all pH conditions during pre-ozonation and nanofiltration treatment process, however, the C3 (protein-like) component was found highly associated with the reversible and irreversible membrane foulants. The ratio C1/C2 provided a strong correlation with the formation of total trihalomethanes (THMs) (R2 = 0.9277) and total haloacetic acids (HAAs) (R2 = 0.5796). The formation potential of THMs increased, and HAAs decreased, with the increase of feed water pH. Ozonation markedly reduced the formation of THMs by up to 40 % at higher pH levels, but increased the formation of brominated-HAAs by shifting the formation potential of DBPs towards brominated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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Fareed H, Jang K, Lee W, Kim IS, Han S. Sulfonated graphene oxide-based pervaporation membranes inspired by a tortuous brick and mortar structure for enhanced resilience against silica scaling and organic fouling. Chemosphere 2023; 326:138461. [PMID: 36948259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel tortuous brick-and-mortar structure utilizing intercalation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) membranes was specifically tailored for brine treatment by pervaporation to ensure excessive resistance to silica scaling and organic fouling, as well as ultrafast water transport without compromising salt rejection. The synthesized SGO membrane showed a smoother surface morphology, improved zeta potential, and a higher hydration capacity than the graphene oxide (GO) membrane. Further intercalation of PVA through glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, conferred increased cohesiveness, and the SGO-PVA-GA membrane was therefore able to withstand ultrasonication tests without any erosion of the coating layer. According to a pervaporative desalination test, the SGO-PVA-GA membrane exhibited 62 kg m-2 h-1 of permeate flux, with an extraordinary salt rejection of 99.99% for a 10 wt% NaCl feed solution at 65 °C. The 72 h organic fouling, silica scaling, and combined fouling and scaling tests proved that the SGO-PVA-GA membrane sustains a stable flux with less scaling and fouling than the GO-PVA-GA membrane, attributable to dense surface negative charges and great hydration capacities caused by sulfonic acid. Thus, the SGO-PVA-GA membrane offers superlative advantages for long-term brine treatment by pervaporation, related to its ability to withstand silica scaling and organic fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Global Desalination Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Global Desalination Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Fareed H, Jang K, Lee W, Kim IS, Han S. Dehydroxylation-assisted self-crosslinking of MXene-based pervaporation membranes for treating high-salinity water. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qasim GH, Fareed H, Lee M, Lee W, Han S. Aqueous monomethylmercury degradation using nanoscale zero-valent iron through oxidative demethylation and reductive isolation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 435:128990. [PMID: 35523091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a Fenton-like reaction activated by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for aqueous monomethylmercury (MMHg) decomposition. Reacting 10 μg L-1 MMHg with 280 mg L-1 nZVI removed 70% of the aqueous MMHg within 1 min, and its main product was aqueous Hg(II). Within 1 - 5 min, the aqueous Hg(II) decreased while the aqueous, solid, and gas-phase Hg(0) increased with 92% MMHg removal. Then, a secondary Hg(II) reduction to solid Hg(0) was prevalent within 30 - 60 min, with 98% MMHg removal. Diverse-shaped magnetite crystals were observed on the surface of nZVI in 2 h, suggesting that Fe(II) oxidation on magnetite can be a source of electrons for secondary Hg(II) reduction. When FeCl2 and H2O2 were added to the MMHg solution without nZVI, 99% of the MMHg changed to Hg(II) within 1 min. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the Fenton-like reaction accounted for the rapid demethylation but not for the further reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0). The results suggest a three-step pathway of MMHg decomposition by nZVI: (1) rapid MMHg demethylation by ROS; (2) rapid Hg(II) reduction by Fe(0); and (3) slow Hg(II) reduction by magnetite on the nZVI surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain Qasim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Innovative Energy and Carbon Optimized Synthesis for Chemicals (Inn-ECOSysChem), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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He Z, Fareed H, Yang H, Xia Y, Su J, Wang L, Kang L, Wu M, Huang Z. Mechanistic insight into the charge carrier separation and molecular oxygen activation of manganese doping BiOBr hollow microspheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:355-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fareed H, Qasim GH, Jang J, Lee W, Han S, Kim IS. Brine desalination via pervaporation using kaolin-intercalated hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nguyen VH, Seon JY, Qasim GH, Fareed H, Hong Y, Han S. Applying the diffusive gradient in thin films method to assess soil mercury bioavailability to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:39840-39852. [PMID: 33765261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the critical soil characteristics affecting mercury (Hg) bioavailability to the earthworm Eisenia fetida using the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method. The soil samples were collected from a tributary of the Hyeongsan River contaminated with industrial waste and landfill leachates called Gumu Creek. The Hg concentration in the soil had a range of 0.33-170 μg g-1 (average 33 ± 56 μg g-1), and the Hg concentration of earthworms incubated in the soils was 0.83-11 μg g-1 (average 2.9 ± 3.2 μg g-1). When correlation analysis was used to detect the key variables among the soil properties related to Hg accumulation in the soils, earthworms, and resins, the water-holding capacity, which is covaried with the organic matter content, was determined to be a primary factor in increasing Hg accumulation in the soils, earthworms, and resins. However, the experimentally determined earthworm bioaccumulation factor and the DGT accumulation factor were negatively affected by the water-holding capacity. Therefore, the water-holding capacity played a dual role in the Gumu Creek deposits: increasing the soil Hg concentration and decreasing Hg bioavailability and leachability. Further, the DGT-Hg flux was positively correlated with the Hg concentration in earthworms (r = 0.93). Although the earthworm accumulation of Hg is not processed by passive diffusion, this study proves that the DGT method is promising for predicting soil Hg bioavailability to the earthworm E. fetida, and the water-holding capacity simultaneously regulates Hg availability to the DGT and the earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huu Nguyen
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Seon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- HAEYANG ENERGY Co., 59, Sonjae-ro 287, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Hussain Qasim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong-si, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Haque A, Minhaj A, Ahmed A, Khan O, Qasim P, Fareed H, Nazir F, Asghar A, Ali K, Mansoor S. A meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. AIMS Medical Science 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Afaq AA, Stokes S, Fareed H, Zadeh HG, Watson M. Ultrasound in the selective screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15:394-398. [PMID: 21608433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can result in chronic pain, gait abnormalities and degenerative arthritis. Infants with a family history, Breech delivery or unstable/"clicking" of the hip on examination are at higher risk. The goal is to detect cases early enough for normal hip development and function by the end of adolescence, but clinical examination alone is ineffective. MATERIALS AND METHODS All infants born at the West Middlesex University Hospital, Isle-worth, U.K., between 3/3/2005 and 21/10/2006 underwent prospective clinical screening to reveal risk factors of unstable hip on examination, family history of DDH and Breech delivery. Infants with risk factors underwent static and dynamic ultrasound of the hips (Harke's method with Terjesen measurements), performed by a consultant radiologist or sonographer. The infant was then examined by an Orthopaedic Surgeon who was blinded to the ultrasound findings until after creating a management plan. RESULTS 5772 infants were born during the study period. 200 (3.5%) at-risk infants were identified, resulting in 400 hip ultrasounds. Following review of ultrasound findings, the majority of cases (163/200, 81.5%) lead to no change in management. Change in timing or type of clinical follow up occurred in 31 cases with normal ultrasounds and 20 cases with abnormal (immature hip) ultrasounds. Dysplasia was demonstrated in 6 infants (3%) on ultrasound, who were treated with Parvlik Harness. Of these, only 5 were detected on examination. Therefore, the ultrasound findings lead to 1 intervention with Parvlik Harness which would have otherwise gone undiagnosed from clinical examination. CONCLUSION Whereas type and timing of follow up was adjusted in 18.5% of the at-risk infants, targeted screening of at-risk with ultrasound lead to only one intervention. This encourages discussion on the resource implication and viability of ultrasound screening, as only one from two hundred lead to an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Afaq
- Department of Radiology, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, UK.
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