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Loutfy SA, Abdel-Salam AI, Moatasim Y, Gomaa MR, Abdel Fattah NF, Emam MH, Ali F, ElShehaby HA, Ragab EA, Alam El-Din HM, Mostafa A, Ali MA, Kasry A. Antiviral activity of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating silymarin (Sil-CNPs) against SARS-CoV-2 ( in silico and in vitro study). RSC Adv 2022; 12:15775-15786. [PMID: 35685696 PMCID: PMC9132606 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a specific treatment against COVID-19, we investigated silymarin–chitosan nanoparticles (Sil–CNPs) as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 using in silico and in vitro approaches. Docking of Sil and CNPs was carried out against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using AutoDock Vina. CNPs and Sil–CNPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method and characterized by TEM, FT-IR, zeta analysis, and the membrane diffusion method to determine the drug release profile. Cytotoxicity was tested on both Vero and Vero E6 cell lines using the MTT assay. Minimum binding energies with spike protein and ACE2 were −6.6, and −8.0 kcal mol−1 for CNPs, and −8.9, and −9.7 kcal mol−1 for Sil, respectively, compared to −6.6 and −8.4 kcal mol−1 respectively for remdesivir (RMV). CNPs and Sil–CNPs were prepared at sizes of 29 nm and 82 nm. The CC50 was 135, 35, and 110 μg mL−1 for CNPs, Sil, and Sil–CNPs, respectively, on Vero E6. The IC50 was determined at concentrations of 0.9, 12 and 0.8 μg mL−1 in virucidal/replication assays for CNPs, Sil, and Sil–CNPs respectively using crystal violet. These results indicate antiviral activity of Sil–CNPs against SARS-CoV-2. To develop a specific treatment against COVID-19, we investigated silymarin–chitosan nanoparticles (Sil–CNPs) as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 using in silico and in vitro approaches.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University Fom El-Khalig 11796 Cairo Egypt .,Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road P. O. Box 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdel-Salam
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road P. O. Box 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC) Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Mokhtar R Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC) Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Nasra F Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University Fom El-Khalig 11796 Cairo Egypt
| | - Merna H Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road P. O. Box 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Fedaa Ali
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road P. O. Box 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | | | - Eman A Ragab
- Biochemistry Dept, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Alam El-Din
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University Fom El-Khalig 11796 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC) Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC) Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Amal Kasry
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road P. O. Box 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt
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Emam MH, Nageh H, Ali F, Taha M, ElShehaby HA, Amin R, Kamoun EA, Loutfy SA, Kasry A. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein entry using biologically modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers: in vitro study towards specific antiviral masks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16184-16193. [PMID: 35733688 PMCID: PMC9155179 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the contagiousness rates of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), new strategies are needed to protect people and to halt the from the spread of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna H. Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Hassan Nageh
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Fedaa Ali
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Nano Gate, 9254 Hodashaarawy, Al Abageyah, El Mukkatam, Cairo 43511, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa A. ElShehaby
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rehab Amin
- Nano Gate, 9254 Hodashaarawy, Al Abageyah, El Mukkatam, Cairo 43511, Egypt
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A. Kamoun
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samah A. Loutfy
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amal Kasry
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
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